scholarly journals Potential Role of Laccases in the Relationship of the Maize Late Wilt Causal Agent, Magnaporthiopsis maydis, and Its Host

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ofir Degani ◽  
Yuval Goldblat
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Adult Plants

Late wilt is a vascular disease of maize (Zea mays L.) caused by the soil-borne and seed-borne fungus Magnaporthiopsis maydis. The pathogen penetrates the roots of maize plants at the seedling stage, grows into the xylem vessels, and gradually spreads upwards. From the flowering stage to the kernel ripening, the fungal hyphae and secreted materials block the water supply in susceptible maize cultivars, leading to rapid dehydration and death. Laccase is an enzyme secreted by fungus for diverse purposes. The M. maydis laccase gene was identified in our laboratory, but under what conditions it is expressed and to what functions remain unknown. In the current study, we tested the influence of plant age and tissue source (roots or leaves) on M. maydis laccase secretion. The results show increasing laccase secretion as corn parts (as ground tissue) were added to the minimal medium (MM). Furthermore, roots stimulated laccase secretion more than leaves, and adult plants enhanced laccase secretion more than young plants. This implies the possibility that the richer lignin tissue of adult plants may cause increased secretion of the enzyme. In vitro pathogenicity assay proved the ability of M. maydis to develop inside detached roots of maize, barley, watermelon, and cotton but not peanut. Testing root powder from those plants in MM revealed a negative correlation between M. maydis growth (expressed as biomass) and laccase secretion. For example, while the addition of maize, barley, or cotton root powder led to increasing fungal dry weight, it also resulted in relatively lower laccase activity. Watermelon and peanut root powder led to opposite responses. These findings suggest a pivotal role of laccase in the ability of M. maydis to exploit and grow on different host tissues. The results encourage further examination and a deeper understanding of the laccase role in these interesting host–pathogen interactions.

Conclusions and recommendations from the Helene Harris Memorial Trust Fourth Biennial International Forum on Ovarian Cancer 11–14 May 1993, Toronto, Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Blackett ◽  
F. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Brca1 Gene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The Helene Harris Memorial Trust organizes biennial international meetings of leading clinicians and scientists to discuss progress in the understanding and treatment of ovarian cancer. The conclusions of this meeting, together with recommendations for future research are published as a guide to others working in this field.The 107 conclusions and recommendations presented cover the full range of current topics in ovarian cancer research including the biology of early and borderline tumors, the relationship of benign to malignant tumors,in vitromodels, the role of cytokines, genetic epidemiology, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, allele loss, localization of the BRCA1 gene, DNA ploidy in prognosis, the therapeutic use of interferon, platinum and taxoid drugs, screening with panels of tumor antigensm immunotherapy and potenial for gene therapy.

scholarly journals The release of an endogenous pyrogen from guinea pig leukocytes in vitro: a new model for investigating the role of lymphocytes in fevers induced by antigen in hosts with delayed hypersensitivity.

1977 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Chao ◽  
L Francis ◽  
E Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Endogenous Pyrogen ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Guinea pig periotoneal exudate (PE) cells incubated overnight in vitro with heat-killed Staphylococci released an endogenous pyrogen (EP) that could be assayed by intravenous injection in rabbits. The febrile responses were linearly related to the dosage of EP over an eightfold range. PE cells derived from guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to bovine gamma globulin (BGG), also released EP when incubated with antigen in vitro. This reaction was specific and did not occur withe PE cells from normal or complete Freund's adjuvant-sensitized guinea pigs. Studies indicated that monos and/or polymorphonuclear leukocytes rather than lymphocytes were the source of EP. However, when incubated with BGG and sufficient dosages of BGG-sensitized lymphocytes, normal PE cells released EP over a 42 h period. These results suggest that antigen stimulates specifically sensitized lymphocytes to release an agent (perhaps a lymphokine) that activates phagocytic cells to release EP. This model offers unique advantages for investigating in vitro the role of the lymphocyte in antigen-induced fever in DH as well as the relationship of this lymphocyte-induced activity to other known biologic activities mediated by antigen stimulated lymphocytes.

The potential role of bacteria in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Yongqian Shu ◽  
Yanhong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Abo Blood Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a lethal and devastating disease in the worldwide. Recognized risk factors for pancreatic cancer include cigarette smoking, obesity, type II diabetes and chronic pancreatitis. Other factors such as variant ABO blood type and Helicobacter pylori may also play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Recently, growing evidence suggests that the association between bacteria and pancreatic cancer is positive and related immune/inflammation activation and increased nitrosamine exposure may be its potential mechanism. Interestingly, it is debatable whether the relationship of bacteria and pancreatic cancer is causative, reactive or parallel and future studies are in progress. Here we review recent progress in pancreatic cancer and its related bacteria.

Bark Anatomy of Four Tropical Vitaceae from Veracruz, Mexico

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Angeles ◽  
Calixto León-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Tropical Biology ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Holding

Bark anatomy of four species of Vitaceae growing at the tropical rain forest of Veracruz, Mexico, is described. Young and mature individuals were collected at the tropical biology field station 'Los Tuxtlas' . External, gross characteristics of the bark and microscopic features of young and adult individuals are given. Sectorization of the vascular tissues into minor and major areas was found in the three Cissus species, but not in Vitis tiliifolia, where it was apparent only at early stages of development. All the species studied have storied secondary phloem and very tall rays. The potential role of mucilage in water-holding capacity and the relationship of stem anatomy and aerial root formation are discussed.

scholarly journals Metabolic Reprogramming and Renal Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhu ◽  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Mengtuan Long ◽  
Xuejiao Wei ◽  
Yue Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

There are several causes of chronic kidney disease, but all of these patients have renal fibrosis. Although many studies have examined the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, there are still no effective treatments. A healthy and balanced metabolism is necessary for normal cell growth, proliferation, and function, but metabolic abnormalities can lead to pathological changes. Normal energy metabolism is particularly important for maintaining the structure and function of the kidneys because they consume large amounts of energy. We describe the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during renal fibrosis, which includes changes in fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and the relationship of these changes with renal fibrosis. We also describe the potential role of novel drugs that disrupt this metabolic reprogramming and the development of fibrosis, and current and future challenges in the treatment of fibrosis.

scholarly journals Relating in vitro neutralisation level and protection in the CVnCoV (CUREVAC) trial.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Cromer ◽  
Arnold Reynaldi ◽  
Megan Steain ◽  
James A Triccas ◽  
Miles Philip Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Relationship

A recent study analysed the relationship between neutralising antibody response and protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection across eight vaccines platforms. The efficacy results from a phase 2b/3 trial of a ninth vaccine candidate, CVnCoV (CUREVAC), was announced on 16 June 2021. The low efficacy of this new mRNA vaccine, which showed only 47% protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, was surprising, given the high efficacy of two previous mRNA-based vaccines. A number of factors have been suggested to play a role in the low efficacy in the CVnCoV study, particularly around the dose and immunogenicity of the vaccine (which uses a slightly different mRNA construct) and the potential role of infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants (which were the dominant strains observed in the CVnCoV trial).

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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