The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 2. Breeding herd performance and management

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bortolussi ◽  
J. G. McIvor ◽  
J. J. Hodgkinson ◽  
S. G. Coffey ◽  
C. R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
South West ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
A Minor

Breeding herd performance and husbandry were surveyed on 375 northern Australian beef properties in 8 regions during 1996 and 1997. Mean branding rates ranged from 62.6% in the Northern Territory to 77.1% in the Maranoa South West regions of Queensland with considerable variation within regional herds. The proportion of herds using controlled mating was highest in the Central Coastal, Central Highlands and Maranoa South West. Mean mating period across all regions varied from 5.6 to 11.8 months. Calving was seasonal with peak activity in the August–December period. Calving commenced earlier in the south (August) than it did in northern regions (September–November). Rainfall influenced the timing of commencement of calving and peak calving activity. The use of pregnancy testing was widespread but selective and often not all females were pregnancy tested. About 97% of properties used weaning strategies with a peak in calf weaning in April–July, and a minor peak in September–October. Although mean weaner ages were similar across regions (5.9–6.9 months), mean weaner liveweight varied markedly with weaners in the more northern regions being lightest (<190 kg) while those in southern regions tended to be >200 kg. Culling criteria for cows and heifers focused on temperament, conformation and reproductive failure; age was also important for cows with a common culling age of 10 years. Bulls were more commonly culled at 7–8 years of age. In addition to age, bulls were culled for physical defects, reproductive problems, temperament and poor quality/performing calves. Four to 5 criteria were commonly used to select bulls. Structural soundness and temperament ranked highest followed by conformation, weight for age, Breedplan and colour. Producers using Breedplan tended to use structural soundness and temperament also as selection criteria. The results suggest that producers associated increasing turn-off weight or decreasing turn-off age more with pasture improvement than with bulls of higher genetic merit for growth. Supplementation of the breeding herd increased in the last half of the calendar year. Supplements containing molasses, urea, phosphate source, salt, and sulphate of ammonia were the most commonly supplied supplementary nutrients. Vaccination for botulism was quite common (>30% of regional survey groups) in all regions except Central Coastal and Maranoa South West regions of Queensland. Comparisons with previous surveys show that there have been marked improvements in breeding herd performance and management over an extended period. The results are discussed in relation to scientific developments over the last 2 decades and future development of the northern Australian beef industry.

scholarly journals Fishes of Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, South West Atlantic

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina dos Passos ◽  
Riguel Feltrin Contente ◽  
Ciro Colodetti Vilar de Araujo ◽  
Felippe Alexandre Lisboa de Miranda Daros ◽  
Henry Louis Spach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
South West ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Incomplete Sampling

The objective of this work was to present an updated checklist of the currently known fishes in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) and provides comments on conservation status for the treated species. We used a large dataset derived from a pool of studies which have been conducted within there along the last 30 years. Each study was based on monthly samplings and conducted in several estuarine habitat; thus, the pool covers practically all estuarine habitats and takes into account the seasonal cycle in the system. The PEC ichthyofauna represents a mixture between that fauna typical from the tropical Brazilian coast and that with affinities of temperate Argentinean and Uruguayan zones. The PEC harbors a rich fish fauna of 213 species, inserted in the families that are common along the Brazilian coast. Only a minor part (8%) of the PEC fish fauna was evaluated as regards the conservation status, mostly because of the lack of basic biological and ecological information for most species. Despite part of the among-estuaries differences are due to different and incomplete sampling efforts, the richness in the PEC is surprisingly higher than other systems in Brazil and around world, which emphasize the importance of the region for global biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals Equine enterolithiasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
N. DIAKAKIS (Ν.ΔΙΑΚΑΚΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Abdominal Radiography ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components

Enterolithiasis is characterized by the presence of enteroliths in the large colon of horses with the ascending colon being the most common site of obstruction. Enteroliths are composed of ammonium magnesium phosphate, which is supplied both by the digestive processes intestinal bacteria and by feeds. The enteroliths typically form around a central nidus. Although enterolithiasis is seen all over the world, the most cases are reported from North America, and more specifically, California, South West Indiana and Florida. As far as breed is concerned, it affects predominantly Arab horses and rarely Quarter and Thoroughbreds. As far as age is concerned, it is usually seen in middle-aged horses. Although the pathogenesis of enterolithiasis is not fully understood, nutrition and heritability are believed to be a part in it. A rich diet in ammonium, magnesium and phosphorus predisposes to enterolith formation, as those elements are the main components of enteroliths. Clinical signs vary considerably and are rarely characteristic of the disease. Usually, the presence of the enterolith is free of symptoms unless it leads to obstruction. In most cases of enterolithiasis a small amount of faeces, air and the administered mineral oil could pass from the obstruction site. On the contrary, in complete obstructions the passage is closed, defecation is absent and no laxative can pass the obstruction site. The enterolith is rarely found by rectal examination. A history of recurrent colic might be connected to the presence of enteroliths that cause partial or temporary obstruction. The most accurate method for diagnosing enterolithiasis is abdominal radiography. The treatment of choice is the surgical removal of enteroliths, which has a favorable prognosis provided that the laparotomy is going to take place early in course of the disease, before the onset of peritonitis. Intestinal rupture, which rapidly leads to peritonitis, is the gravest and commonest complication. Other complications are colitis, leakage through the laparotomy site and peritonitis. In order to prevent reformation of enteroliths, the daily consumption of alfalfa hay has to be reduced dramatically and poor quality hay has to be administered.

Longitudinal Seam Welded Piping Assessment in Refinery Reformer Units

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitul Dalal ◽  
Jorge Penso ◽  
Dave Dewees ◽  
Robert Brown
Keyword(s):  
Operating Temperature ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Progressive Deformation ◽  
Creep Ductility ◽  
Catalytic Reformer ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Longitudinal Seam ◽  
Penetrant Testing

Abstract Creep is progressive deformation of material over an extended period when exposed to elevated temperature and stresses below the yield strength. Poor Creep ductility and cracking can be a problem above 900 °F (482°C) in the HAZ of low alloy (Cr-Mo) steel. High stress areas, including supports, hangers and fittings are more vulnerable to cracking. Creep cracking has occurred in longitudinal pipe welds with excessive peaking or welds with poor quality. Numerous incidents of cracking in low alloy (Cr-Mo) steel have been reported in the power industry and in refineries with major concern in longitudinal seam welds as well as highly stressed welds in reactors-heaters interconnecting piping. This paper presents the results of an assessment performed on reactors-heaters interconnecting piping in a catalytic reformer unit with a maximum operating temperature of about 950 °F (510 °C) at 250 psig (1.7 MPa) (&gt; 40 years in-service). Comprehensive inspection including visual, dye penetrant testing, thickness measurements and peaking measurements have been performed. Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) was utilized to detect crack-like defects and flaws. Detailed pipe stress analysis and finite element analyses (FEA) were also performed.

Forecasting the Long-Term Viability of an Enterprise: The Case of a Minor League Baseball Franchise

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thomas Yokum ◽  
Juan J. Gonzalez ◽  
Tom Badgett
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minor League Baseball ◽  
Minor League ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Diffusion Curves

We are interested in forecasting or predicting the long-term viability of a minor league baseball team. The research question is whether this minor league team will be successful in attracting attendance over an extended period of time. An important financial issue is if the team is predicted to fail, then exactly how long will it last? A variety of methods are used in a step-by-step procedure to evaluate this viability. We first test whether attendance is evolving or stable through a unit root test, a test of market persistence. We then use the Bass model to assess whether the projected product life cycle is turning up or down. The Gompertz and logistic (Pearl) diffusion curves are next applied to home stand data of various lengths in order to make forecasts of an eventual dissolution point at which the team would financially collapse. Market saturation is not estimated, but set at the stadium capacity. Forecasting principles involving diffusion models are implemented. Analogies are used as a complementary forecasting technique to assess whether there is long-term potential for survival. Finally, logistic regression on cross-sectional data is used to supplement the forecasts. The results of the triangulation of diffusion curves, analogies, and logistic regression predict a decline in the minor league team’s ability to capture attendance.

The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 3. Annual liveweight gains from pasture based systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bortolussi ◽  
J. G. McIvor ◽  
J. J. Hodgkinson ◽  
S. G. Coffey ◽  
C. R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
North West ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Central Highlands

The herd performance of 375 northern Australian beef producers during the 1991 and 1992 to 1995 and 1996 financial years was surveyed in 1996 and 1997. Estimates were made of annual liveweight gain from production systems based on native and improved pastures together with hormonal growth promotant use and supplementation practices. The most commonly used pasture communities for growing and finishing cattle were black speargrass and brigalow communities in Central Coastal Queensland and the Central Highlands; black speargrass in Northern Queensland; Mitchell grass and gidgee in Central Western and North-west Queensland; Mitchell grass in the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia regions and brigalow–softwood scrub in the Maranoa South West. There was considerable variation and overlap in the production ranges of the various pasture communities. The estimates and ranges of annual liveweight gains were comparable with measurements from scientific and commercial studies for 3 major pasture communities (black speargrass, brigalow and Mitchell grass). On this basis, the annual liveweight gain data are considered to represent sound estimates of performance from the pasture communities and husbandry systems in use in northern Australia. Mean annual gains for pasture communities in the more northern regions tended to be <150 kg/year. Half the survey group used hormonal growth promotants but use varied between regions with lowest levels in Central Coastal Queensland (30%) and highest usage in the Central Highlands (59%). Steers and bullocks were the most commonly implanted class of cattle. Supplementation periods tended to be longest in more northern regions. Nitrogen was a component of >90% of the supplements offered. The percentage of producers supplementing various classes of cattle varied widely (0–77%). Steers were often the least supplemented class and weaners were the most common. The highest percentage of producers (>68%) supplementing weaners was found in North-west and Northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia. Significant correlations explaining 3–23% of the variance were found between annual liveweight gain and latitude and/or longitude for native black speargrass and Mitchell grass pasture communities and improved brigalow pastures. Generally, annual liveweight gain increased with increasing latitude and longitude. The results are discussed in relation to herd management practices and sources of variation in the northern Australian production environment.

scholarly journals A Zambian Town in Colonial Zimbabwe: The 1964 “Wangi Kolia” Strike

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (S1) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Phimister ◽  
Alfred Tembo
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Industrial Action ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
Victoria Falls ◽  
Zambezi River

AbstractIn March 1964 the entire African labour force at Wankie Colliery, “Wangi Kolia”, in Southern Rhodesia went on strike. Situated about eighty miles south-east of the Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River, central Africa’s only large coalmine played a pivotal role in the region’s political economy. Described byDrum, the famous South African magazine, as a “bitter underpaid place”, the colliery’s black labour force was largely drawn from outside colonial Zimbabwe. While some workers came from Angola, Tanganyika (Tanzania), and Nyasaland (Malawi), the great majority were from Northern Rhodesia (Zambia). Less than one-quarter came from Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) itself. Although poor-quality food rations in lieu of wages played an important role in precipitating female-led industrial action, it also occurred against a backdrop of intense struggle against exploitation over an extended period of time. As significant was the fact that it happened within a context of regional instability and sweeping political changes, with the independence of Zambia already impending. This late colonial conjuncture sheds light on the region’s entangled dynamics of gender, race, and class.

Time of joining affects the performance of young Angus and Angus multiply Friesian cattle in the south-west of Western Australia. 1. Liveweight, body condition, and reproductive performance in heifers and first-calvers

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
GJ Sawyer ◽  
J Milligan ◽  
DJ Barker
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
South West ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Conception Date ◽  
Friesian Cattle

A 3-year study using 183 Angus and 173 Angus x Friesian first-calf heifers joined at about 15 months of age was conducted to determine the effects of time of calving and breed on liveweight and condition, heifer reproductive performance, oestrus activity after calving, and subsequent conception. Pasture on offer and supplements were also measured. Calving times used were April (conventional calving time), March (4 weeks earlier), and May (4 weeks later). There was no significant effect of time of calving on net reproductive rate in heifers of either breed, but the number of stillbirths and dystocias in later calved Angus were greater than in Angus x Friesian. Protracted and difficult calvings were more prevalent in heifers of both breeds calving early. Highest pregnancy rates of 93-94% corresponded with the highest average liveweights at conception in nulliparous heifers of both breeds that were mated to first-calve later. Angus x Friesian first-calvers consistently returned to oestrus before Angus after their first calving. In a year when grazing pressure on depleted dry pasture residues caused significant liveweight loss in both breeds, the crossbreds commenced cycling, on average, 20-32 days before the Angus. Regression of calving date and length of the post-partum anoestrous interval (PPAI) was -0.54 days/day for Angus and -0.3 1 days/day for Angus x Friesian. There was no significant difference between breeds for time to conception. The regression of second conception date on first calving date was 0.10 days/day in Angus and 0.17 days/day in Angus x Friesian. Heavier first-calvers of both breeds returned to oestrus earlier; each extra 10 kg in liveweight was associated with shorter PPAI by 3.9 days in Angus and 1.7 days in Angus x Friesian crossbreds. Heavier first-calvers of both breeds also conceived earlier; however, about twice as much weight was required to reduce the time to conception in the larger Angus x Friesian crossbreds than in the Angus. Times to first oestrus and to conception were negatively and linearly related to condition only in Angus first-calvers. Conception rates after first calving did not differ between time-of-calving groups or breeds in 2 years, but in a difficult year and if calved later, only 73% of Angus and 61 % of Angus x Friesians were pregnant after 90 days of joining. We conclude that there is little justification on the grounds of reproductive performance for varying the time of calving of heifers from that of the main breeding herd.

Inhabitants of avian skin with special reference to ectoparasitic infestations and diseases of poultry skin

1980 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
R. N. Titchener
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Louse Infestation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
The World ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Ceratophyllus Gallinae

SynopsisEctoparasites of poultry in the United Kingdom are reviewed. Mention is made of poultry ectoparasites occurring in other parts of the world and of some ectoparasites of British birds. In south west Scotland ectoparasite infestations appear to have decreased following the intensification of the poultry industry. Occasional outbreaks of Dermanyssus gallinae, the red mite and Ceratophyllus gallinae, the hen flea have occurred in modern poultry units. Cases of louse infestation with Menacanthus stramineus have also been observed from farmyard chickens and bantams. The damage caused by ectoparasites and their role in disease transmission is discussed.Skin diseases of poultry caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses are reviewed. Skin conditions not induced by trauma are extremely rare in south west Scotland. Traumatic induced skin diseases still occur in modern poultry units and are associated with fighting or the use of poor materials in the structure of the house. Cases of staphylococcal wound infection and staphylococcal arthritis have been observed in poultry units where poor quality wire netting or hard spiky litter have been used as floor materials. Mention is also made of two pigeon diseases, pigeon pox and canker.

Recent Work in Rome

Antiquity ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 36 (144) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
J. B. Ward-Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
South West ◽  
South Wall ◽  
Set Up ◽  
End Wall ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church ◽  
Published Account

After the feverish archaeological activity of the Fascist era, the postwar years in Rome have been a period of relative calm. There have been a few major discoveries, such as the Vatican cemetery and the new catacomb of the Via Latina, the recently published account of which is unfortunately marred by the poor quality of the colour-plates, inexcusable in a volume of this price. On the whole, however, excavation has very sensibly been diverted to clearing up specific problems, notably in the Forum and Palatine, and students of Roman topography and monuments have had a chance to pause and take stock. The results of this much-needed stock-taking are just beginning to appear, and very valuable they are proving to be.One of the most important and remarkable monuments of classical antiquity to have come down to us, at any rate in part, is the great marble plan of Rome which Septimius Severus set up on the end wall of a large room opening off the south-west corner of the Forum of Peace, a wall which is now the outer south wall of the church of SS Cosmas and Damian. The fragments recovered since their first recognition in 1562 represent barely a tenth of the total inscribed surface, and many of these were lost before, in 1741, the collection passed from the Farnese family into the safe-keeping of the city authorities, and are known to us only from drawings. But what has survived is fundamental for the reconstruction of the topography of classical Rome and for the study of its lost monuments.

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