Development of a sensory protocol for testing palatability of sheep meats

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
A. Gee ◽  
D. L. Hopkins ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
S. R. Baud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Highly Correlated

A total of 108 grill and 108 roast samples were prepared from lamb (n = 10) and mutton (n = 8) carcasses for sensory testing using a consumer taste panel. Grill and roast samples were prepared from the left and right sides of the carcass, respectively, using longissimus, biceps femoris, gluteus medius, serratus ventralis and semimembranosus. Due to size constraints, muscle from both sides was used to form grill samples for the vastus lateralis, and roast samples from the triceps brachii. Grill and roast samples were sensory tested using 360 untrained consumers. Each consumer was given a total of 6 experimental samples and each sample was tested by 10 different consumers. Sensory scores for tenderness, juiciness, like flavour and overall liking from both the grilled and roasted samples were highly correlated (P<0.05). For grilling, the different muscles were correlated for tenderness and overall liking scores (P<0.05), with the exception of the semimembranosus (P>0.05). In contrast, juiciness and like flavour scores were poorly correlated between grilled muscles. For the roasted samples, sensory scores were generally uncorrelated between muscles. The statistical significance of the age category and muscle effects was greater in grill samples, but stimulation effects were of similar significance using either cooking method. It was proposed that roasting reduced treatment effects that affected sensory via differences in connective tissue toughness, due to gelatinisation of connective tissue during cooking. For testing production and processing effects on palatability, grilling was more sensitive for detecting treatment effects, than roasting.

scholarly journals Effects of hormonal growth promotants (HGP) on growth, carcass characteristics, the palatability of different muscles in the beef carcass and their interaction with aging

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
B. M. McIntyre ◽  
G. D. Tudor ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
R. Polkinghorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Aging Rates ◽  
Growth Promotants ◽  
Feed Samples

Effects of hormonal growth promotant (HGP) implantation on liveweight, carcass and meat quality measurements were examined using 80 Angus yearling cattle. After entry to the feedlot, 40 steers and 40 heifers were implanted with Revalor-S (28 mg oestradiol and 140 mg trenbolone acetate) and Revalor-H (20 mg oestradiol, 200 mg trenbolone acetate), respectively. Cattle were slaughtered after 55 and 65 days on feed. Samples from the Mm. longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris (the cap and body portions), gluteus medius (the eye and D portions), infraspinatus and triceps brachii were prepared for sensory testing after aging for 5 and 21 days after slaughter. A total of 854 muscle samples were cooked by grill (601) or roast (253) methods and served to consumers using the Meat Standards Australia taste panel protocols. When adjusted to the same initial liveweight, implantation with Revalor-H and Revalor-S resulted in a 4 and 7% increase in slaughter weight, respectively. Implantation resulted in an increased ossification score in steers (P < 0.05), but not in heifers. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between HGP implantation and days aged for shear force. There was a small effect of HGP implants on compression (P < 0.05), but not on cook loss and intramuscular fat percentage. Muscles differed in their response to HGP implantation (P < 0.05) for tenderness, overall liking and palatability scores. Muscles also differed in their aging rates after slaughter (P < 0.05). The greatest response in sensory scores to HGP implantation was found in those muscles that had the highest aging rates. Possible mechanisms by which muscles differed in their response to HGP implantation are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of hormonal growth promotants on palatability and carcass traits of various muscles from steer and heifer carcasses from a Bos indicus - Bos taurus composite cross

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Watson ◽  
R. Polkinghorne ◽  
A. Gee ◽  
M. Porter ◽  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Psoas Major

The effect of several different hormonal growth promotant (HGP) implant strategies on the palatability and carcass traits of different muscles in beef carcasses was investigated using samples from heifer and steer carcasses from a Bos indicus composite breed. In experiment 1, there were seven different implant strategies evaluated in heifers that were given different combinations of up to three implants (implanted at weaning, during backgrounding and at feedlot entry). A total of 112 heifers were slaughtered and 11 muscles or portions were collected from both sides [Mm. adductor femoris, gracilus, semimembranosus, longissimus dorsi lumborum, triceps brachii caput longum, semispinalis capitis, serratus ventralis cervicis, spinalis dorsi, biceps femoris (syn. gluteobiceps), tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius (both the ‘D’ and the ‘eye’ portions) rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis]. These muscles were used to prepare a total of 1030 sensory samples which were aged for either 7 or 21 days and frozen. Thawed samples were cooked using different cooking methods (grill, roast and stir frying) before being evaluated by a consumer taste panel that scored samples for tenderness, juiciness, like flavour and overall liking. Experiment 2 used the steer portion from the same calving, which were treated to a similar array of HGP strategies, except that they were given up to four implants between weaning and slaughter at ~3 years of age. In experiment 2, there was a total of 12 different HGP implant strategies tested. At boning, three muscles (Mm. psoas major, longisimuss dorsi thoracis and lumborum portions) were collected from each of 79 carcasses with a total of 237 steak samples that consumers tested as grilled steaks. For both experiments, the mean of the HGP implant strategies resulted in increased ossification scores (P < 0.05) and decreased marbling scores (P < 0.05) compared with the controls, with the effect on ossification being much larger in the older steer groups. In both experiments, the different HGP strategies decreased (P < 0.05) all sensory scores compared with the controls, for all cooking method and muscle combinations. In experiment 1, there was no interaction between the mean HGP effect and muscle (P > 0.05), and aging rates differed among the muscles (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, there was a significant (P < 0.05) muscle × HGP treatment interaction, with a decrease in tenderness score due to HGP implant strategies in the M. longisimuss thoracis and lumborum portions, compared with no significant effect in the M. psoas major. For both experiments, there were no significant differences among the different implantation strategies on sensory scores (P > 0.05).

Pelvic Limb Kinematics and Surface Electromyography of the Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, and Gluteus Medius Muscle in Dogs with Hip Osteoarthritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bockstahler ◽  
Cordula Kräutler ◽  
Peter Holler ◽  
Alexander Kotschwar ◽  
Angela Vobornik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Gluteus Medius Muscle ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Pelvic Limb

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LOCAL VIBROSTIMULATION ON ELECTROMYOGRAPHY PARAMETERS IN ROWERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Kalvis Ciekurs ◽  
Viesturs Krauksts ◽  
Daina Krauksta ◽  
Baiba Smila ◽  
Aivars Kaupuzs
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moving Speed

Local vibrostimulation (further in text - LV) is innovation as a part of training method that helps athletes to regain the power and get ready for next training faster. There are many discussions about how to increase moving speed in rowers. Many scientists research the possibilities of increasing moving speed in this sport. The following methods were used in the study: tests – Concept-2, LV manipulations, electromyography and mathematical statistics. The electromyography was made with Biometric LTD. LV manipulations were done to the muscles erector spinae, latisimus dorsi, teres major, teres minor, trapezius, infraspinatus, deltoideus, slenius capitis, triceps brachii, gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, castrocnemius, tendo calcaneus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, tensor fascia latae, vastus medialis, sarterius, ligamentum patellae, tibialis anterior, rectus abdominis, pectoralis major and biceps brachii. We using 100 Hz frequency, 2 – 4 mm amplitude and different pressure on the muscles. The total LV application time was 5 to 20  min. The obtained data were processed using mathematical statistics. The results: having stated the result difference before LV and after it. The results testify significant improvement of Concept-2 tests results and electromyography results, what is showed by the difference of the mean results. Comparing the results of the rowers of EG and CG they have differences in the left side muscle latissimus dorsi after the t-test where p>0.05, but stating the percentage of the mean result difference of this muscle it was found out that p>0.05 what also shows significant changes in the muscle biopotential (mV).

scholarly journals Electromyographic evaluation of the lower limbs of patients with Down syndrome in hippotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Fernandes Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Paula Espindula ◽  
Alex Abadio Ferreira ◽  
Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza ◽  
Vicente De Paula Antunes Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Hippotherapy is a therapeutic method that uses the horse’s movement to achieve functional results in practitioners with Down syndrome (DS), who present motor and neurophysiological changes that affect the musculoskeletal system. Evaluating the motor behavior related to the control and the improvement of muscle activation in practitioners with Down syndrome subjected to hippotherapy. 10 practitioners were divided into two groups: Down Group (DG) – practitioners with DS, and Healthy Group (HG) – practitioners with no physical impairment. The muscles gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius were evaluated by electromyography using gross RMS values, which correspond to muscle activation; the evaluations were performed on the 1st and 10th hippotherapy sessions (frequency: once a week), and after 2 months interval without treatment, they were performed on the 1st and 10th hippotherapy sessions (frequency: twice a week). It was noted that activation of the studied muscles increased with the passing of sessions, regardless the weekly frequency of attendance; however, the period without treatment resulted in reduction of this effect. Practitioners with DS presented satisfactory changes in muscle activation pattern, in learning and in motor behavior during hippotherapy sessions. 

scholarly journals The Gluteus Medius Vs. Thigh Muscles Strength Ratio and Their Relation to Electromyography Amplitude During a Farmer’s Walk Exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Stastny ◽  
Michal Lehnert ◽  
Amr Zaatar ◽  
Zdenek Svoboda ◽  
Zuzana Xaverova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Flexion Extension

Abstract The strength ratio between hamstrings and quadriceps (H/Q) is associated with knee injuries as well as hip abductor muscle (HAB) weakness. Sixteen resistance trained men (age, 32.5 ± 4.2 years) performed 5 s maximal isometric contractions at 75° of knee flexion/extension and 15° of hip abduction on a dynamometer. After this isometric test they performed a Farmer´s walk exercise to find out if the muscle strength ratio predicted the electromyography amplitude expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The carried load represented a moderate intensity of 75% of the exercise six repetitions maximum (6RM). Electromyography data from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF) and gluteus medius (Gmed) on each leg were collected during the procedure. The groups selected were participants with H/Q ≥ 0.5, HQ < 0.5, HAB/H ≥ 1, HAB/H < 1, HAB/Q ≥ 0.5 and HAB/Q < 0.5. One way ANOVA showed that Gmed activity was significantly greater in the group with HAB/H < 1 (42 ± 14 %MVIC) as compared to HAB/H ≥ 1 (26 ± 10 %MVIC) and HAB/Q < 0.5 (47 ± 19 %MVIC) compared to HAB/Q ≥ 0.5 (26 ± 12 %MVIC). The individuals with HAB/H < 1 were found to have greater activation of their Gmed during the Farmer’s walk exercise. Individuals with HAB/Q < 0.5 had greater activation of the Gmed. Gmed strength ratios predict the muscle involvement when a moderate amount of the external load is used. The Farmer’s walk is recommended as an exercise which can strengthen the gluteus medius, especially for individuals with a HAB/H ratio < 1 and HAB/Q < 0.5.

scholarly journals Electromyographic activity in the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and rectus femoris during the Monopodal Squat, Forward Lunge and Lateral Step-Up exercises

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0230841 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Muyor ◽  
Isabel Martín-Fuentes ◽  
David Rodríguez-Ridao ◽  
José A. Antequera-Vique
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Vastus Medialis

scholarly journals The Influence of Rotational Training on Muscle Activity of Young Adults in Thermographic Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Jolanta G. Zuzda ◽  
Magdalena Topczewska ◽  
Piotr Borkowski ◽  
Robert Latosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Training Methodology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Male Subjects

Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe and assess the energetic-metabolic activity of selected muscles of upper and lower extremities during Rotational Training (RT). The influence of RT on temperature changes in the biceps and triceps brachii muscles as well as the quadriceps and biceps femoris muscles of healthy university students were verified, in addition to temperature differences between the left and right side before and after RT. The study was conducted on 18 subjects. RT was conducted in accordance with accepted forms of training methodology of collective fitness. An important part of RT was the performance of circular and rotational movements. Thermograms taken before and immediately after RT focused on 4 regions of selected agonists and synergists in the upper and lower body. The camera used was the infrared hand-held CEDIP Titanium 560M IR (USA), located at a distance of 10 m from the subject. After RT, median Tsk (skin temperature) decreased in almost all of the examined ROIs, except for the left and right Qf (the quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles) as well as the left Tb (triceps brachii) in female subjects. In male subjects, left and right Tsk of Qf increased both for the left and right Tb. Left-Right ΔTsk (temperature difference) was statistically significant (p <0.05) for Of, Bf, Bb, Tb in female as well as male subjects. It was concluded that thermography is a non-invasive, safe, and low-cost method for the recording of physiological response of the skin to RT.

scholarly journals Hip and thigh muscular activity in professional soccer players during an isometric squat with and without controlled hip contraction (Actividad muscular de cadera y muslo en jugadores de fútbol profesionales durante una sentadilla isométrica con y sin co

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 697-704
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rojas-Quinchavil ◽  
Pablo Venegas-Jeldrez ◽  
Oscar Valencia ◽  
Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas ◽  
Oscar Florencio Araneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Fascia Lata ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Tensor Fasciae Latae

  The purpose of the present investigation was twofold 1) To compare the hip and thigh muscular activity of professional soccer players when performing the isometric squat with and without controlled hip contraction; 2) To determine the muscular relationships that take place during these methods of execution of the exercise. Methods: 11 healthy male professional soccer players, randomly performed three modalities of isometric squat at a 60° knee flexion: conventional squat (SQ), squat with hip abduction contraction (SQ-ABD) and squat with hip adduction contraction (SQ-ADD), controlled at 70% of 1 maximum repetition. The activity of the gluteus medius (GM), tensor fasciae latae (TFL), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) was obtained through surface electromyography. Hip (GM/TFL), quadriceps (VM/VL) hamstrings (ST/BF), and hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratios were analyzed. Results: GM increases in SQ-ABD and SQ-ADD compared to SQ (p<.01). The TFL, VL, SM and BF muscles have significantly higher activity in SQ-ADD compared to SQ (p<.05). The VL, VM and BF muscles significantly increase their activity in SQ-ADD compared to SQ-ABD (p <0.05). GM/TFL, VM/VL and ST/BF do not show significant differences between the three isometric squat methods. The H/Q ratio was higher in SQ-ABD and SQ-ADD compared to SQ (p<.01). Conclusion: The squat with hip adduction contraction in a controlled manner increases the muscular activity of the hip and thigh. Performing this combined maneuver can have benefits in sports training and rehabilitation because it increases the H/Q ratio of soccer players.  Resumen. El propósito de la presente investigación fue doble: 1) Comparar la actividad muscular de la cadera y el muslo de los futbolistas profesionales cuando realizan sentadillas isométricas con y sin contracción controlada de la cadera; 2) Determinar las relaciones musculares que tienen lugar durante estas modalidades de ejecución del ejercicio. Metodología: 11 jugadores de fútbol profesionales sanos, realizaron al azar tres modalidades de sentadilla isométrica con una flexión de rodilla de 60 °: sentadilla convencional (SQ), sentadilla con contracción de abducción de cadera (SQ-ABD) y sentadilla con contracción de aducción de cadera (SQ-ADD), controladas al 70% de 1 repetición máxima. La actividad del glúteo medio (GM), el tensor de la fascia lata (TFL), el vasto medial (VM), el vasto lateral (VL), el semitendinoso (ST) y el bíceps femoral (BF) se obtuvo mediante electromiografía de superficie. Se analizaron las relaciones de los músculos de la cadera (GM/TFL), cuádriceps (VM / VL), isquiotibiales (ST/BF) e isquiotibiales/cuádriceps (H/Q). Resultados: GM aumenta en SQ-ABD y SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ (p<.01). Los músculos TFL, VL, SM y BF tienen una actividad significativamente mayor en SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ (p<.05). Los músculos VL, VM y BF aumentan significativamente su actividad en SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ-ABD (p <.05). GM/TFL, VM/VL y ST/BF no muestran diferencias significativas entre los tres métodos de sentadilla isométrica. La relación H/Q fue mayor en SQ-ABD y SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ (p<.01). Conclusión: La sentadilla con contracción de aducción de cadera de manera controlada aumenta la actividad muscular de la cadera y el muslo. La realización de esta maniobra combinada puede tener beneficios en el entrenamiento deportivo y la rehabilitación porque aumenta la relación H / Q de los jugadores de fútbol.

scholarly journals The Indirect Role of Gluteus Medius Muscle in Knee Joint Stability during Unilateral Vertical Jump and Landing on Unstable Surface in Young Trained Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7421
Author(s):  
Balázs Sebesi ◽  
Ádám Fésüs ◽  
Mátyás Varga ◽  
Tamás Atlasz ◽  
Kitty Vadász ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction

(1) In the present investigation, we tested the hypothesis that unilateral countermovement jump performance is associated with knee joint stabilization ability during unilateral landing on unstable surface. (2) Twenty-five male sport students were tested for dynamometric knee extension and flexion, and hip abduction isometric strength. Myolectric activity of vastus lateralis and medialis, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris muscles were measured during unilateral countermovement vertical jump performed on a force plate, and during unilateral landing on unstable surface. (3) Vertical jump impulse negatively correlated with biceps femoris activation at landing. Participants with greater hip abduction force performed greater vertical jump impulse, and activated the biceps femoris less when landing on unstable surface. Furthermore, participants with smaller knee flexion/extension torque ratio increased biceps femoris/vastus medialis activation ratio at landing. (4) We conclude that hip abduction strength is an important contributor to unilateral vertical jump performance. Because biceps femoris is considered the synergist of the anterior cruciate ligament, we also propose that hip abductors are primary frontal plane protectors of the knee joint by reducing knee valgus and stress, allowing for smaller biceps femoris co-activation (secondary protection) at landing on unstable surface.

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