aging rates
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Network ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Hai Trieu Le ◽  
Tran Thanh Lam Nguyen ◽  
Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Son Ha ◽  
Nghia Duong-Trung

Due to the rapid change of population structure, leading to lower birth rates and quick aging rates, the demand for blood supply is increasing significantly. In most countries, blood quality and origin are managed by blood management information systems, such as national authorities. Nevertheless, the traditional system has limitations in this field, such as a lack of detailed blood information, making it challenging to manage blood quality, supply, and demand. Hence, to solve these issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based system called BloodChain, an improved system to support blood information management, providing more detailed information about blood, such as blood consumption and disposal. BloodChain exploits private blockchain techniques with a limited number of relatively fast and reliable participants, making them suitable for B2B (Business to Business) transactions. In this paper, we also develop a proposed system based on the architecture of Hyperledger Fabric. The evaluation of BloodChain is performed in several scenarios to prove our proposed model’s effectiveness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 673-674
Author(s):  
Alix Jean Santos ◽  
Xavier Eugenio Asuncion ◽  
Camille Rivero-Co ◽  
Maria Eloisa Ventura ◽  
Reynaldo Geronia ◽  
...  

Abstract Understanding biological aging, which entails impeding the progressive decline of biological systems, is important in enabling older adults to live independently. However, the differences in how individuals evolve as they age suggest that aging is a process that does not progress on a single-dimensional trajectory. Moreover, longitudinal studies of aging that follow a cohort of individuals over the course of several years are commonly limited by cost, attrition, and subsequently small sample size. In this study, we used a variational autoencoder to estimate multidimensional rates of aging from cross-sectional routine laboratory data of 1.4 million Americans of at least 40 years of age, collected from 2016 to 2019. We uncovered four aging dimensions that represent the following bodily functions: 1) kidney, 2) thyroid, 3) white blood cells, and 4) liver and heart. We found that fast agers along these dimensions are more likely to develop chronic diseases that are related to these bodily functions. They also had higher health care expenditures compared to the slow agers. K-means clustering of individuals based on the different aging rates revealed that clusters with higher odds of developing morbidity had the highest cost across all types of health care services. Results suggest that cross-sectional laboratory data can be leveraged as an alternative methodology to understand rates of aging along different dimensions, and analysis of their relationships with future costs can aid in the development of interventions to delay disease progression.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
Luigi Ferrucci

Abstract For many years, the scope of geriatric medicine has been the care of older persons affected by multiple disease with the aim of improving their functional status and optimize quality of life. As our knowledge of the mechanisms of aging grows rapidly, it is becoming clear that accomplishing this scope requires taking a life-course perspective. Research have failed to establish a clear-cut distinction between normal aging and pathology leading to the hypothesis that aging is at the root of chronic diseases, and difference in health can be ascribed to different aging rates. Research in model organisms, suggest that aging can be modified with consequent changes on healthspan and longevity. Interventions that modulate aging may ultimately prevent most-age-associated diseases and their consequences. From this perspective, geriatric medicine is the leading and most promising branch of biomedical science. Challenges remain: first, demonstrating that certain interventions slow down the aging rate requires the valid measure of aging, and while many tools were developed, “epigenetic clocks” being the most promising, the underline mechanism that drive their changes with aging and validity in clinical applications are unclear. We do not know whether variability in the rate of biological aging assessed in old age are already detectable in younger individuals and person-specific rates remain constant during life. In 1986, David Barker stated the hypothesis that the period of gestation, characterized by a strong epigenetic imprinting, affects health and wellbeing across life, perhaps by setting the aging rate. Perhaps pediatric and geriatric medicine are more connected than previously believed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 673-673
Author(s):  
Brian Chen ◽  
Weiye Wang ◽  
Nichole Rigby ◽  
Randal Olson ◽  
Steve Sabes

Abstract “Epigenetic clocks” have become widely used to assess individual rates of biological aging. However, experimental data are limited in humans to identify potential confounding factors that may influence one’s rate of epigenetic aging and multiple health outcomes. We examined multiple epigenetic aging measures among regular smokers who quit smoking for two weeks. DNA methylation markers were assessed in both whole blood and saliva at multiple time points using a customized DNA methylation microarray. Generally, no changes in epigenetic aging rates were detected in the two week observation period with the exception of pronounced decreases over time in rate of Hannum’s clock and Extrinsic Epigenetic Age Acceleration in blood DNA. In saliva DNA, decreases over time were detected in the rates of the GrimAge and DNAmPhenoAge clocks, but we saw an increase in the rate of the Skin and Blood Clock. Additional experimental studies of other common exposures may be useful to better characterize factors that may affect the observed “rate” of epigenetic aging.


2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Oliveira ◽  
McKenna Lewis ◽  
Laura Smyth ◽  
Richard Turkington ◽  
Amy Jayne McKnight ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) increases dramatically with patient age but only a small proportion of patients with diagnosed Barrett’s oesophagus (BO), the precursor to OAC, will develop dysplasia and/or cancer. Beyond chronological age, biomarkers of progression that capture biological aging offer largely untapped potential for objectively identifying BO patients at highest risk of progression, who could undergo personalised surveillance at shorter intervals. We have developed computational tools to determine tissue-specific aging using genome-wide methylation data as a “molecular clock” for estimating patient-specific BO dwell times at the time of incident diagnosis that cannot be clinically measured by other means.  Methods Using the population-based Northern Ireland BO register in a retrospective study, we have identified 46 non-dysplastic BO patients who have 2-4 serial endoscopic biopsies each, and have not progressed to OAC (age range 29-77 years).  FFPE biopsies for 10 age-matched patients who had prevalent HGD/OAC at index BO diagnosis were also retrieved. DNA has been extracted, quantified using fluorescence, quality checked through qPCR, and prepared for Illumina EPIC methylation arrays. We created a Python package called “MethylDrift” to determine genome-wide aging rates in patient data. Model outputs are used in the molecular clock for BO tissue age. Results We used MethylDrift to quantify aging rates in both cross-sectional data (population-level epigenetic drift) and longitudinal data within the same patients to obtain individual aging rates. Computational analyses using our previously developed Bayesian framework for the BO molecular clock will be applied to estimate the molecular age of BO in patients, i.e., how long the patient has been living with BO since onset of metaplasia. Results will be compared between age groups, birth cohorts, sex, and importantly between dysplastic and non-dysplastic BO to evaluate biomarker potential. Data analysis is ongoing, and the final results will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions Our results from this nested case-control study demonstrate feasibility and generate pilot data on molecular age as a proxy of BO duration at the time of incident diagnosis, in a large population-based registry of patients with BO. This will inform our computational tools for determining biological aging and can be applied in future work to investigate progression risk according to molecular age. Ultimately, this biomarker could inform surveillance frequency for BO patients, enable earlier detection of neoplastic progression, leading to improved patient outcomes and optimal distribution of limited endoscopy capacity for surveillance.


Aging ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Sun ◽  
Yong Qian ◽  
Richard Oppong ◽  
Thomas J. Butler ◽  
Jesse Zhao ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd R. Robeck ◽  
Zhe Fei ◽  
Amin Haghani ◽  
Joseph A. Zoller ◽  
Caesar Z. Li ◽  
...  

Accurate identification of individual ages within wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) is critical for determining population health and the development of population management strategies. As such, we analyzed DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns by applying a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethyl40) to both blood (n = 140) and skin samples (n = 87) from known age or approximate age (0–57 years) bottlenose dolphins. We present three bottlenose dolphin specific age estimation clocks using combined blood and skin [48 CpGs, R = 0.93, median absolute error (MAE) = 2.13 years], blood only (64 CpGs, R = 0.97, error = 1.46 years) and skin only (39 CpGs, R = 0.95, error = 2.53). We characterized individual cytosines that correlate with sex and age in dolphins and developed a sex estimator based on 71 CpGs that predicts the sex of any odontocete species with 99.5% accuracy. The presented epigenetic clocks are expected to be useful for conservation efforts and for determining if anthropogenic events affect aging rates in wild populations.


Author(s):  
A. O. Radchenko ◽  
O. V. Kolesnikova

Objective — to assess the oxidative status and severity of inflammatory processes in patients with hypertension (AH) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and their relationship to the rate of aging. Materials and methods. 98 patients (38 men and 61 women) of young and middle age with a median age of 48.3 years were examined. All patients were divided into 3 groups: controls — healthy volunteers (n = 20), comparison group — euthyroid patients with AH and signs of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) (n = 36); main group — patients with AH and SH with signs of AIT (n = 42). Thyroid parameters, markers of oxidative stress (total superoxide dismutase, T‑SOD, total antioxidant activity, TAA, total hydroperoxides, THP), inflammatory markers (C‑reactive protein, SRP, tumor necrosis factor‑alpha, TNF‑a) were evaluated in all patients. The rate of aging was determined by estimating the biological age and age delta according to the methods of A. G. Gorelkin, B. B. Pinhasov (BA1, dBA1 respectively) and V. P. Voitenko (BA2, dBA2, respectively), as well as by determining the content of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Results. Significant differences were found between the controls and the comparison group in the rate of aging by both methods (p < 0.05), between the control and the main group in the levels of CRP (p = 0.000), TNF‑a (p = 0.000), aging rates by both methods (p < 0.05), as well as between the comparison and the main groups in the values of CRP (p = 0.001), TNF‑a (p = 0.000), THP (p = 0.041), T‑SOD (p = 0.048), SIRT1 (p = 0.001), dBA2 (p = 0.030). Correlation analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) direct relationship between the rate of aging and the level of CRP, free thyroxine, THP, THP/TAA index, and the inverse relationship between the rate of aging and T‑SOD, TAA in the comparison group. A significant direct relationship (p < 0.05) between CRP and BA1, a direct relationship between TNF‑a and thyroid‑stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and a direct association of T‑SOD with TSH and inverse one with BA1 were found in the main group. Conclusions. Patients with AH have a decrease in the rate of aging and a significant increase in SIRT1 compared with euthyroid patients with AH, that indicates a probable association with a slowing of aging rates. A significant increase in THP and a decrease in and T‑SOD levels, along with the presence of a connection with TSH and BA1, indicates a violation of redox processes in this category of patients and its association with aging rates. Patients with AH and SH also showed signs of metabolic inflammation, which was confirmed by a significant increase in the levels of TNF‑a, CRP, as well as by the presence of a direct link between TNF‑a and TSH. BA and aging rates increased with increasing CRP levels in euthyroid patients with AH, but no association between CRP and TSH was observed.  


GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Brookes ◽  
Ana Gabriela Jimenez

AbstractAmong several animal groups (eutherian mammals, birds, reptiles), lifespan positively correlates with body mass over several orders of magnitude. Contradicting this pattern are domesticated dogs, with small dog breeds exhibiting significantly longer lifespans than large dog breeds. The underlying mechanisms of differing aging rates across body masses are unclear, but it is generally agreed that metabolism is a significant regulator of the aging process. Herein, we performed a targeted metabolomics analysis on primary fibroblasts isolated from small and large breed young and old dogs. Regardless of size, older dogs exhibited lower glutathione and ATP, consistent with a role for oxidative stress and bioenergetic decline in aging. Furthermore, several size-specific metabolic patterns were observed with aging, including the following: (i) An apparent defect in the lower half of glycolysis in large old dogs at the level of pyruvate kinase. (ii) Increased glutamine anaplerosis into the TCA cycle in large old dogs. (iii) A potential defect in coenzyme A biosynthesis in large old dogs. (iv) Low nucleotide levels in small young dogs that corrected with age. (v) An age-dependent increase in carnitine in small dogs that was absent in large dogs. Overall, these data support the hypothesis that alterations in metabolism may underlie the different lifespans of small vs. large breed dogs, and further work in this area may afford potential therapeutic strategies to improve the lifespan of large dogs.


Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
James M. Harper ◽  
Donna J. Holmes

Avian models have the potential to elucidate basic cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the slow aging rates and exceptional longevity typical of this group of vertebrates. To date, most studies of avian aging have focused on relatively few of the phenomena now thought to be intrinsic to the aging process, but primarily on responses to oxidative stress and telomere dynamics. But a variety of whole-animal and cell-based approaches to avian aging and stress resistance have been developed—especially the use of primary cell lines and isolated erythrocytes—which permit other processes to be investigated. In this review, we highlight newer studies using these approaches. We also discuss recent research on age-related changes in neural function in birds in the context of sensory changes relevant to homing and navigation, as well as the maintenance of song. More recently, with the advent of “-omic” methodologies, including whole-genome studies, new approaches have gained momentum for investigating the mechanistic basis of aging in birds. Overall, current research suggests that birds exhibit an enhanced resistance to the detrimental effects of oxidative damage and maintain higher than expected levels of cellular function as they age. There is also evidence that genetic signatures associated with cellular defenses, as well as metabolic and immune function, are enhanced in birds but data are still lacking relative to that available from more conventional model organisms. We are optimistic that continued development of avian models in geroscience, especially under controlled laboratory conditions, will provide novel insights into the exceptional longevity of this animal taxon.


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