Pasture management in semiarid tropical woodlands: improving the herbage quality of stylos and grasses

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. McIvor
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
North East ◽  
Herbage Quality

The impacts of season and pasture management (tree killing, superphosphate application, stocking rate) on the herbage quality of stylos and grasses were measured at Hillgrove and Cardigan, north-east Queensland. Plucked samples of Verano, Seca and buffel grass (both sites) and a native grass (spear grass at Cardigan and desert blue grass at Hillgrove) were collected over a 4-year period and concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur and in vitro digestibility were measured. There were large seasonal variations in herbage quality of all species with high quality in the early growing season and low quality in dry periods. The stylos had higher nitrogen concentrations and in vitro digestibilities than the grasses, buffel grass had a higher phosphorus concentration than the other species and there were no consistent differences in sulfur concentration between species. Buffel grass generally had higher nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and in vitro digestibility than the native grasses. Management had relatively minor impacts but where differences did occur, herbage quality was higher in plots with live trees than where trees were killed, on plots where superphosphate was applied compared with plots without fertiliser and was greater at high stocking rate. Oversowing native pastures with stylos had no effect on the herbage quality of desert blue grass which had similar quality in oversown pasture and native pasture.

Land Condition in the Tropical Tall Grass Pasture Lands. 2. Effects on Herbage Quality and Nutrient Uptake.

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Ash ◽  
JG Mcivor
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Land Condition ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Uptake

Herbage quality (in vitro digestibility, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations) of plucked samples, and above ground nutrient uptakes (nitrogen and phosphorus) were compared on plots differing in land condition at 10 sites in northern Australia. Over all sites there was a significant increase in digestibility and nitrogen concentration, and a significant decrease in phosphorus concentration, as land condition declined. Both nitrogen and phosphorus uptake decreased as land condition declined. The results indicate that diet quality may be higher from land in poor condition. However, the large decrease in pasture productivity associated with declining land condition may more than offset this apparent improvement in feed quality.

An evaluation of the production potential of six tropical grasses under grazing. 2. Assessment of quality using variable stocking rates

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Evans ◽  
JB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

The potential quality of the 6 pasture grasses Setaria sphacelata var. sericea cvv. Nandi, Kazungula and Narok and var. splendida, Digitaria eriantha ssp. pentzii (pangola grass), and Pennisetum clandestinum cv. Whittet (kikuyu grass) was assessed in terms of liveweight gain of beef cattle, using a leader and follower grazing system. Pasture management was designed to provide adequate quantities of young leaf to the leaders throughout the year. This was achieved by rotational grazing and weekly adjustment of the number of followers, depending on quantity of feed available. Annual liveweight gain of the leaders (kg/steer.year) ranged from 135 (kikuyu grass) to 159 (cv. Narok) (540-636 kg/ha.year). Differences between grasses on an annual basis and over summer were not statistically significant (P = 0.12), although significant differences in liveweight gain of leaders - - - were obtained during the winter. This was associated with differences between grasses in growth at lower temperatures, and in frost tolerance. Liveweight gain of the follower group was markedly higher for pangola grass and var. splendida (272 kg/ha.year) than for the other varieties (77-140 kg/ha.year). This difference was associated with differences in number of grazing days and in the superior liveweight gain per head of followers grazing pangola grass and splendida. Liveweight gain of leaders per annum was comparable for years 1 and 2 but fell dramatically from February to August in year 3. This was associated with high rainfall, reduced solar radiation, and a decrease in in vitro digestibility of plucked leaf of all setaria varieties but not of pangola or kikuyu grasses. The relatively low liveweight gains obtained in year 3 were not associated with any overall mineral or protein deficiency.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Inokulasi Lactobacillus plantarum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Silase Kulit Buah Kakao

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Muhammad Askari Zakariah ◽  
Ristianto Utomo ◽  
Zaenal Bachruddin
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Fibre Fraction

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixed culture inoculation into cocoa pods silage on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The four treatments were: 1 kg freshly harvested cocoa pods without inoculants as control (K); K + L. plantarum (KLp); K + S. cerevisiae (KSc); and K + L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixture (KLp+Sc) 0.1% dry matter, Cassava meal were added in all treatments. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, and then fermented for 21 days. Parameters observed in current study were gas test production, ruminal fermentation parameter, and in vitro digestibility. The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test for data with significant differences. Result showed that the mixed culture Lp+Sc inoculation increased (P<0.05) chemical quality of cocoa pods by reducing fibre fraction and increase NFE contents, increased degradation rate, degradation theory, reduced rumen pH, and propionate acid production, without affecting acetate to propionate ratio, microbial protein synthesis, and digestibility of cocoa pod silage.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME KALE-CORN COMBINATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Width

Midas marrowstem kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was grown in different row width associations with United 106 corn (Zea maize L.) in two studies and ensiled in different moisture blends with corn stover in another. Highest dry matter yields were obtained where a single row of kale was grown at 30 cm to the side of a corn row. This combination also provided the lowest moisture content feed and the highest in vitro digestibility and crude protein content. Changing the corn row width had no significant effect upon yield, plant height, in vitro digestibility, kale leaf or corn ear content. Blending kale with corn stover to provide a silage of about 70% moisture increased the digestibility and protein content of the feed and provided a silage that kept well in storage.

Pasture management in semi-arid tropical woodlands: dynamics of perennial grasses

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. McIvor
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Basal Cover ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
North East

The effects of a range of pasture management options (introduced legumes and grasses, superphosphate, timber treatment, cultivation before sowing and stocking rate) on the basal cover of perennial grasses were measured from 1982 to 1991 at two sites, ‘Hillgrove’ and ‘Cardigan’, near Charters Towers, in north-east Queensland. Colonisation and survival of eight native and exotic grasses were followed in permanent quadrats in a subset of treatments. Overall, there were significant changes in total basal cover of plots between years and with tree killing, but no significant differences in sown pastures, fertiliser or stocking rate. Basal cover increased when defoliation levels were less than 40% but increases were smaller at higher levels of defoliation and basal cover often declined when defoliation was greater than 60%. Basal cover declined when growing seasons were <10 weeks, remained static with 10–15 weeks growth, and increased when growing seasons were 16 weeks or longer. There was some colonisation in all years but large differences between years. The differences in colonisation between systems were generally small but there was a general trend for higher colonisation at higher stocking rates. Bothriochloa ewartiana (Domin) C.E.Hubb. and Chrysopogon fallax S.T.Blake had low, Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem.&Schult., Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Aristida spp. had intermediate, and Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A.Camus and Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy had high colonising ability. Survival of individual species was generally similar at both sites except for Urochloa mosambicensis. Heteropogon contortus and U. mosambicensis at ‘Hillgrove’ were short-lived (<10% survival after 4 years), B. ewartiana, Themeda triandra Forssk. and Aristida spp. had intermediate survival (10–50%), and C. ciliaris, C. fallax, B. pertusa and U. mosambicensis at ‘Cardigan’ were long-lived (>50% survival). Annual survival rates increased with plant age, were higher in good growing seasons than in poor seasons, were higher for large plants than small plants, and were lower at high defoliation levels than where defoliation was less severe. The differences between species in ability to colonise and survive, and the small influence of management compared to seasonal effects on survival, are discussed to explain species performance in pastures.

Seasonal changes in the nutritive value of grass species in Spinifex pastures of Western Australia.

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Holm ◽  
RJ Allen
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exmouth Gulf

This study was undertaken to assess whether the nutritional quality of spinifex pasture lands is improved by buming to promote the growth of grasses other than spinifex. We selected two comparable sites in the Exmouth Gulf region of Western Australia; one had been bumt in late 1979 and the other had not been burnt for many years. On these sites we sampled the five grass species present, as well as Triodia pungens (soft spinifex) and Plectrachne >chinzii (Oat eared spinifex) on 10 occasions from March 1980 to April 1982. Plant parts were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur content, and in vitro digestibility. None of the common grass species tested was more nutritious or more palatable than soft spinifex. It seems that little is gained from manipulating spinifex pastures through burning if the aim is to encourage alternative grass species. There is a need however for further studies into the importance of woody herbs and forbs in the nutrition of grazing animals on spinifex country and the effect of fire on these species.

EVALUATION OF PINEGRASS AS RANGE FORAGE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair McLean ◽  
S. Freyman ◽  
J. E. Miltimore ◽  
D. M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Calcium Iron

Seasonal changes in the quality of pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) on native forest range in southern British Columbia included declines in crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and increases in content of lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and ash. The decline in average daily gains of beef heifers was more rapid than changes in quality of the pinegrass over the grazing period from June to October.Pinegrass contained adequate nutrients for the rapid growth of yearlings or for maintaining weanling calves until August 1, whereupon protein and phosphorus supplementation were required. Nutrient requirements of pregnant cows and replacement heifers were adequately met until September 1.Copper and zinc were inadequate throughout the season. Calcium, iron, and manganese contents, however, were satisfactory. Silica was high and must be considered a potential problem in pinegrass utilization.Digestible dry matter gave a high positive correlation with crude protein and phosphorus and a high negative correlation with lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and total ash.Crude fiber, crude fat, and total soluble carbohydrate contents of pinegrass did not closely follow changes in either animal gains or in vitro digestible dry matter.Crude protein, phosphorus, and acid-detergent fiber appear to give a good indication of animal yields on pinegrass and could be used to evaluate pinegrass quality where animal data are not available.

The influence of weather on the quality of tropical legume pasture during the dry season in northern Australia. III. Effects of digestibility and chemical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL McCown ◽  
BH Wall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dry Tropics

In the semi-arid tropics, accumulated shed leaf of certain pasture legumes can provide highly nutritious feed for cattle in the dry season. Previous papers in this series have dealt with the fungal spoilage of leaf of Caribbean stylo in response to dew and unseasonal rainfall and the threat to acceptability by cattle. This paper focuses on the effects of varying degrees of moulding and leaching on dry matter digestibility of leaf of this legume. Uniform leaf material of high digestibility was exposed at six locations during the dry season and samples retrieved at 4-weekly intervals. From initial values of 75%. in vitro digestibility dropped to as low as 50%. Degree of moulding, as indicated by a quantitative index of discoloration, accounted for about 80�/o of loss. Moulding was much more important than leaching. This latter finding in the winter-dry tropics contrasts with previous findings in the summer-dry Mediterranean climate.

A study of Merino sheep grazing a cotton-bush (Kochia aphylla)–grassland (Stipa variabilis–Danthonia caespitosa) community on the riverine plain

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Leigh ◽  
AD Wilson ◽  
WE Mulham
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Low Rate

A study was made of Merino sheep continuously grazing a cotton-bush (Kochia aphylla R.Br.)–grassland (Stipa variabilis Hughes–Danthonia caespitosa Gaudich.) community over a 2 year period. Observations were carried out at two stocking rates (0.75 and 0.375 sheeplacre) and comparisons were made with plots from which K. aphylla had been mechanically removed. The aim of the study was to define the contribution made by K. aphylla (a drought-resistant chenopodiaceous shrub) to animal production and to examine the effects of the seasonal variation in composition, availability, and food value of the pasture on animal behaviour and performance. At the low rate of stocking K. aphylla contributed little to the diet of the sheep (max. 2% in autumn) despite its being at no time less than 20% of the forage available. At the high stocking rate its maximum contribution to the diet was 7% in late autumn. The major constituents of the diet in spring were the annuals Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) Willd. and Hypochoeris spp. and in summer the perennials Danthonia caespitosa and Kochia pentagona R.H. Anderson. D. caespitosa was also the main component during autumn at the low stocking rate but at the high stocking rate it was replaced in the diet by a high proportion of dead matter and Medicago burr. Seasonal variations in wool growth were greater at the high stocking rate than at the low rate, the lowest production occurring in autumn. Body weight and wool growth were not significantly altered by the presence of K. aphylla at either of the stocking rates. The lowest recorded value for dietary crude protein was 8.8%. Wool growth was closely related to the in vitro digestibility of the forage eaten and to the availability of green feed within the pasture.

The effect of frequency and time of cutting on the production and quality of a barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) dominant pasture

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Robards ◽  
JH Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Main Component

A grazing experiment on a barley grass (Hordeum leporium Link) dominant pasture at Deniliquin, New South Wales, was carried out from May to November 1964. Monthly grazing of this pasture resulted in a greater dry matter yield of both green and total barley grass, and of crude protein, than when grazing occurred less frequently. The greatest stimulus to production was achieved when grazing occurred in August or September when the plants were approaching flowering. Rat's-tail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel), the other main component of the pasture, was not stimulated to greater total dry matter production by increasing the frequency of grazing. However, significantly more green fescue was harvested from areas grazed most frequently. The quality of both species, as estimated by nitrogen content and in vitro digestibility of barley grass and nitrogen content of fescue, was higher late in the season on the monthly grazed areas than on areas grazed less frequently.

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