Emerging pest mites of grains (Balaustium medicagoense and Bryobia sp.) show high levels of tolerance to currently registered pesticides

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aston L. Arthur ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Paul A. Umina ◽  
Andrew R. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Mite Species ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Pesticide Tolerance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Redlegged Earth Mite ◽  
Pest Mite ◽  
Natural Tolerance

Balaustium medicagoense and Bryobia sp. (clover or pasture mite) have recently been identified as potential emerging pests of crops and pastures within southern Australia. Recorded damage by these mites has markedly increased in the past decade. There is limited information on the pesticide tolerance of these mites relative to other earth mite pests. This study examined the response of Ba. medicagoense and Bryobia sp., using the redlegged earth mite [Halotydeus destructor (Tucker)] as a comparison, to several currently registered pesticides against earth mites (omethoate, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, methidathion and α-cypermethrin). Ba. medicagoense had a much greater level of tolerance to all pesticides tested than H. destructor. Similarly, Bryobia sp. had a higher level of tolerance to bifenthrin, methidathion and α-cypermethrin than H. destructor. However, in the case of omethoate and chlorpyrifos, the tolerance levels were similar for Bryobia sp. and H. destructor. Ba. medicagoense had a higher level of tolerance than Bryobia sp. to the organophosphates tested (omethoate, chlorpyrifos and methidathion), but there was no difference for bifenthrin. We were unable to compare tolerance levels between Ba. medicagoense and Bryobia sp. to α-cypermethrin because of inconsistencies between replicate tests. These emerging pest mite species, therefore, have a high natural tolerance to currently registered pesticides and may prove difficult to control in the field. These findings suggest that other strategies that are not reliant on chemicals should be considered for the control of Ba. medicagoense and Bryobia sp.

A summary of beach nourishment in China: The past decade of practices

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Gen Liu ◽  
Feng Cai ◽  
Hongshuai Qi ◽  
Jianhui Liu ◽  
Gang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Urban Beaches

Beach nourishment has been widely used for beach protection around the world. However, there is limited information about beach nourishment in China. This study offers an overview of beach nourishment practices, status and technological advances in China, based on the literature, reports, and personal communications. The results demonstrate that beach nourishment has been recognized as an effective and environmentally friendly measure to combat coastal erosion and has been increasingly adopted in China, especially in the past decade. The unique characteristics of coastal China resulted in a difference in beach nourishment between China and Western developed countries in terms of the types, objectives, and shapes of beach nourishment. For the types of nourishments in China, there were approximately the same number of restored beaches and newly constructed beaches. For fill sediment, homogeneous fill and heterogeneous fill comprised 51.1% and 48.9% of projects, respectively. The objective of beach nourishment was mainly to promote coastal tourism, and the shape of nourished beaches was dominated by headland bays. This study also indicated that China has achieved a number of technological advances in beach nourishment, including methods of beach nourishment on severely eroded coasts and muddy coasts, an optimized design of drain pipes involved in urban beaches, and ecological design considerations. From the past decade of practices, four aspects were proposed as considerations for future nourishment: sand sources, technique advances, ecological effects, and management of beach nourishments.

scholarly journals Strategies for control of the redlegged earth mite in Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ridsdill-Smith ◽  
A. A. Hoffmann ◽  
G. P. Mangano ◽  
J. M. Gower ◽  
C. C. Pavri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Redlegged Earth Mite ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
Control Package

The redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, continues to be an intractable pest causing damage to most crop and pasture species in southern Australia. H. destructor feed on all stages of plants, but particularly damage seedlings in autumn. Research has aimed to develop new controls based on a better understanding of the biology and ecology of this pest. Chemicals remain the key tool to control H. destructor, despite the recent appearance of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids. A control package, Timerite, has been developed by which a single well-timed spray in spring can prevent H. destructor from developing diapause eggs. Field trials show this strategy provides effective control of H. destructor the following autumn, and protects plant seedlings, although mite populations build up again during winter. Non-chemical control strategies include grazing, the use of tolerant plants such as cereals, resistant legume cultivars and avoiding rotations where favourable host plants are available in the year before growing susceptible crops such as canola. Natural enemies can assist in mite control, and their numbers can be enhanced by methods including increasing landscape features like shelterbelts. Interspecific competition can occur between H. destructor and other pest mites, but the extent to which these interactions influence the structure of pest communities under different management regimes remains to be investigated.

Challenging the Concept of Infinity Retention of Collections in Selected National Museums in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
pp. 408-427
Author(s):  
Nyasha Agnes Gurira
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Collections Management ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Museums ◽  
Multiple Case

The chapter challenges the concept of undefined, infinity, and indefinite retention periods of collections in Zimbabwe's state museums and underscores the need for each state museum to develop a collections management policy. The concept of indefinitely retaining collections characterizes Zimbabwe's National Museums. In that regard, this chapter interrogates issues surrounding collections management in Zimbabwe's state museums. Museums in Zimbabwe are overburdened with inherited collections from the past with limited supporting information. This coupled with the need to store contemporary collections congests the storage space in museums. A multiple case study approach was employed to examine the state of collections in three selected state museums in Zimbabwe. Findings revealed that collections in these museums have been inherited from the past collectors who amassed collections with limited information about them. There was no formal collections management policy. The chapter proposes a regime to guide museums in dealing with their collections.

Mass rearing Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Acari : Penthaleidae) for use in summer screening of Trifolium subterraneum (L.) for mite resistance

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thackray ◽  
T. J. Ridsdill-Smith ◽  
D. J. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Redlegged Earth Mite ◽  
First Time

Summary. Controlled environment experiments were conducted to establish some of the requirements for successful mass rearing of Halotydeus destructor (redlegged earth mite). Numbers of mites reared on Vicia sativa (common vetch) cv. Blanchefleur grown alone or on a mixture of vetch with Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) cv. Goulburn, were significantly higher than those on subterranean clover or Arctotheca calendula (capeweed) alone. Populations reared on vetch grown in a sandy soil were significantly higher than those reared on vetch grown in a loamy soil, pure sand or pure loam. Covering the soil surface with a natural pasture mulch increased mite numbers compared with leaving the soil bare or placing plant pots inside ventilated cages. Subsequent changes in rearing methodology produced enough mites to enable summer screening of subterranean clover lines for resistance to H. destructorfor the first time. Over 20 000 mites can be produced from vetch at one time for screening tests throughout the year.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro ◽  
Fabiola Domínguez ◽  
Alan Joel Ruiz-Padilla ◽  
Nimsi Campos-Xolalpa ◽  
Juan Ramón Zapata-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Central America ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
The Caribbean

The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption ofChenopodium ambrosioides,Argemone mexicana, andThevetia peruviana. In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review.

Validity and interpretation of Murcia Koch, Trichoribates Berlese and their type species (Acari: Oribatida: Ceratozetidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2107 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
GERD WEIGMANN ◽  
ROY A. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oribatid Mite Species

In the literature there is much confusion about the identity and taxonomic position of two common oribatid mite species in the family Ceratozetidae: Oribates setosus C.L. Koch, 1839, and Murcia trimaculata C.L. Koch, 1835. Related to these problems, there are contrary opinions about the validity of two ceratozetid genera, Murcia Koch, 1835 and Trichoribates Berlese, 1910, and the identity of their type species. Important conclusions on these issues have been proposed in the past (Jacot 1929; Pérez-Iñigo 1993) but these were not followed in an important recent catalog (Subías 2004). In the following, we summarize and comment on the history of these problems, and argue in the context of the current ICZN rules to preserve nomenclatural stability.

scholarly journals Origin of resistance to pyrethroids in the redlegged earth mite ( Halotydeus destructor ) in Australia: repeated local evolution and migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Yang ◽  
Paul A Umina ◽  
Gordana Rašić ◽  
Nicholas Bell ◽  
Jichao Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Redlegged Earth Mite ◽  
And Migration

Responses and feeding damage of redlegged earthmite (Acarina: Penthaleidae) to seedlings of resistant and susceptible subterranean clover varieties

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Ridsdill-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Redlegged Earth Mite ◽  
Single Variety

Responses of redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) to seedlings of three resistant and four susceptible varieties of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) were measured after 7 or 14 days in pot experiments in the glasshouse. With a single variety/pot, mites on resistant varieties (DGI007, EP145SubD and Rutherglen B) produced 45% of the progeny that were produced by mites on the susceptible varieties (89838G, Dalkeith, Junee and 70088B). Number of stages completed and survival were little affected by varieties. Feeding damage (silvering of cotyledons) on resistant varieties averaged 45% of that on susceptible varieties with a single varietylpot. H. destructor fed less on resistant varieties in choice than in single variety experiments. On Junee and 89838G seedlings, feeding damage was similar to that on other susceptible varieties, but there were about half as many H. destructor progeny as on Dalkeith and 70088B. Mites laid more eggs on soil away from Junee plants, compared to the other three susceptible varieties. Different factors adversely affected the number of progeny produced on resistant varieties and on Junee.

Effect of seedling damage by redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, on subsequent growth and development of yellow lupin, Lupinus luteus, in the glasshouse

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
T. J. Ridsdill-Smith ◽  
D. C. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Redlegged Earth Mite

Redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) causes feeding damage to some pulse species at the seedling stage. To quantify the effect of this damage on subsequent plant growth and development, an experiment was conducted in the glasshouse using yellow lupin, Lupinus luteus cv. Motiv, which is highly susceptible to the mites. After emergence, plants were infested with 0, 100, 150, and 250 mites/plant, collected from the field. Fourteen days after application, mites were removed. Damage to plants was estimated at seedling stage, flowering time, and maturity. At seedling stage (on Day 14), feeding damage scores to cotyledons and true leaves were greater at higher mite densities. Damaged plants produced fewer nodules, fewer lateral roots, and less dry weight than the control. On Day 35, severely damaged plants failed to recover and on the surviving plants, cotyledons and true leaves died earlier than on the plants without damage. On Day 78, when plants were flowering, the surviving plants produced fewer nodules and branches, and less dry weight per plant than the control. The flowering time of plants with the mite treatments was delayed by up to 6 days compared with the controls. The final shoot dry weight, pod number, seed number, and seed yield per pot were significantly reduced by the mite treatments. Feeding by H. destructor on seedlings of yellow lupin caused a reduction in seed yield of 58% at the highest mite density treatment. This significant economic loss needs to be confirmed under field conditions, but it signifies the need to develop appropriate control measures for this pest.

Controlling redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae), with a spring spray in legume pastures

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 938 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ridsdill-Smith ◽  
C. C. Pavri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Redlegged Earth Mite ◽  
Clover Seed

The use of a TIMERITE® spring spray to control redlegged earth mite (RLEM), Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Acari: Penthaleidae), in annual pastures was evaluated on farms across Australia. RLEM populations in autumn in the treatments sprayed in spring 1998 and 1999 were 97% lower in 1999 and 97% in 2000 in the western region (Western Australia), and 93% lower in 1999 and 93% in 2000 in the eastern region (Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia). At sites in the west, control of RLEM resulted in significant increases in subterranean clover seed yield in 1999 and in clover seedling numbers in autumn 1999 and 2000. Penthaleus major (blue oat mite) populations in autumn were 60% lower in sprayed treatments, but Sminthurus viridis (lucerne flea) populations were not affected. Differences in weather between the west (where there is a hot, dry summer) and the east (where temperature and rainfall regimes are more variable in spring and early summer) seem to cause greater RLEM control and greater benefits in subterranean clover seed yield and seedling numbers with a spring spray in the west.

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