The production and persistence of grazed irrigated pasture mixtures in south-eastern Queensland

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones ◽  
Davies J Griffiths ◽  
RB Waite ◽  
IF Fergus
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Five irrigated pasture mixtures (four containing tropical and temperate species and one containing only temperate species (winter mixture) ) were compared under grazing at three nitrogen levels -nil, 100, and 300 lb N an acre a year as urea-over a four-year period 1960-1963. Pastures were grazed for approximately one week every six weeks with a twelve-week rest period in the winter of 1962 and 1963. Under this management mean annual yields of dry matter increased from 15,700 lb to 25,000 lb an acre over the four-year period. Pasture growth rates varied from over 90 lb DM an acre a day in early summer to 10-40 lb DM an acre a day in winter due to variations in radiation and temperature. Urea increased pasture dry matter yields and also the yields of nitrogen measured in 1961 and 1962. Mean response was 19 lb and 14.5 lb DM/lb N applied at the N100 and N300 rates respectively. Yield of nitrogen was increased by a mean of 79 lb an acre a year by application of urea, but there was no significant difference between rates. Dry matter responses to urea were small in winter and spring and large in summer and autumn. The N300 rate reduced the yield of white clover in the first two years of the pasture, but there was no reduction in the yield of white clover at the N100 rate compared with the N0 treatment. There were no significant differences in yield between the pasture mixtures in the establishment year. In subsequent years mixtures containing summer and winter species outyielded (P<0.001) the winter mixture, particularly in summer and autumn. The pattern of production was similar for all mixtures and there was no significant difference between mixtures in yield of nitrogen. Chloris gayana Kunth CV. Samford and Setaria sphacelata (Schum) Stapf and C. E. Hubbard CV. Nandi. were the most successful summer grasses and Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H.B.K. cv. Priebes, the best winter grass. Three Paspalum species failed to compete with the Setaria and three winter grasses were low yielding after the first year. Trifolium repens L. CV. Ladino was the only successful legume of three winter and three summer legumes sown. It enabled yields of 400 lb N an acre a year to be achieved, increased total soil nitrogen, and made an estimated contribution of 760-810 lb N an acre over the four-year period. It is considered to be the key species for irrigated pastures in south-eastern Queensland.

scholarly journals Buğdaygil ve Baklagil -Buğdaygil Karışımı Meraların Süt İneklerinin Verim Performansı ve Sütün Bileşimine Etkileri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Numan Kılıçalp ◽  
Mustafa Avcı ◽  
Hatice Hızlı ◽  
Rüştü Hatipoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Grazing Period

This research was conducted to determine forage yield, chemical composition, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle grazing on pasture established with species and mixtures of Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, Bastion,PR), Orchardgrass(Dactylis glometata, Pizza,OG) and White clover(Trifolium repens, Huia,WC). In this research conducted for two years, the grazing experiment was carried out according to a change over trial design. For this purpose, a total of 6 Holstein Friesian cows (at the 2nd lactation and with an average of 520 ± 26 kg live weight) were used for two periods, each of which consisted of 30 days (8 days of adaptation and 22 days of the basis period). The milk nutritional composition of the animals (dry matter, fat and protein content) was determined in the last three days in the last five consecutive days of each lactation period. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of pasture obtained from Perennial ryegrass + White clover mixture (PRWC) was found to be lower than that obtained from the other two (PR and OG) pasture and Net Energy Lactation (NEL) content was found higher in the first grazing period in the first year. However, the effect of the investigated pastures on milk yield was not significant, but it was found that the effects on milk protein yield in the first year and dry matter of milk in the second year were significant. In the first year of grazing period, milk yield, milk fat yield and protein yield were found to be significant. The results of this study showed that under these operating conditions, the botanical composition of the pasture had no effect on the amount and composition of the milk, but the milk yield decreased as the vegetation period advanced.

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards. III. The effects of prolonged close and lax cutting on herbage yields and quality

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Strip Grazing

1. The effects of two heights of cutting—down to either 1 in. or 2–2½ in. from ground level—on herbage yields were studied for five seasons with a perennial rye-grass-white clover mixture and for three seasons with a timothy-white clover mixture. Superimposed on these height-of-cutting treatments were treatments simulating strip grazing with and without a back-fence, and also three fertilizer nitrogen treatments.2. Over the 5-year period the rye-grass mixture consistently gave greater dry-matter and crude-protein yields of herbage when cut to 1 in. than it did when cut to 2–2½ in. from ground level, the mean dry-matter yield difference being 34%. The decline in the total yield per season with increasing age of the grass sward was similar under both heights of cutting.3. The effects of the height-of-cutting treatments on the timothy mixture were similar to those noted on the rye-grass mixture in the first three seasons of the experiment, but in the third year the beneficial effects of close cutting were much reduced. It is suggested that this resulted from the rest period between cuts being insufficient for timothy to recover fully from the close defoliation.4. The effects of the height-of-cutting treatments on the botanical composition of the sward were slight, particularly on plots of the rye-grass mixture.5. Possible factors leading to the observed effects of the height-of-cutting treatments are discussed with reference to the results of other workers and to the results from a preliminary study of the differential effects of the treatments on stem and leaf formation in perennial rye-grass.6. A simulation of strip grazing with and without a back-fence showed that the herbage yields from both seeds mixtures under both height-of-cutting treatments were considerably reduced by the removal of the regrowth which could take place in the absence of a back-fence.7. The effects of delaying the first nitrogenoua fertilizer application of the season noted in an earlier experiment were fully confirmed in this experiment.

Uptake by grass and transfer to soil of nitrogen from 15N-labelled legume materials applied to a Rhodes grass pasture

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Vallis
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Second Year

Unground legume materials labelled with 15N were applied to the soil surface under a Rhodes grass pasture in south-eastern Queensland and the recovery of the applied 15N was followed over periods of 1-3 years. Comparisons were made between two legumes, Macroptiliurn atropurpureurn cv. Siratro and Desrnodiurn intorturn cv. Greenleaf, between leaf and stem materials of different nitrogen (N) concentrations (0.5-3.8% N), and between fresh and dried materials. After 1 year, 15N in the applied materials had decreased by 25-91%, and 7-25% was recovered in the Rhodes grass. Except for leaf material of Greenleaf, these changes showed a positive, non-linear relationship to the percentage of N (%N) in the applied materials. The changes for leaves of Greenleaf were less than would be predicted from their %N. Drying Siratro leaves and stems before applying them to the soil surface did not significantly affect the above changes. For N-poor materials (0.5-1.8% N) applied at 380-1360 g dry matter m-2, uptake of 15N by Rhodes grass was greater in the second year than in the first year, whereas for N-rich materials (3.8%N) applied at 140 g dry matter m-2 uptake of 15N in the second and third years was only 23 and 12% respectively of that in the first year.

Effect of sowing time on the establishment and early production of tropical and temperate pasture mixtures under irrigation in south-eastern Queensland

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (111) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
TM Bowdler ◽  
JC Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Grass Establishment ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Tropical Grass

The most effective time to sow irrigated perennial pastures containing tropical and temperate species was investigated over three years at Gatton, south-eastern Queensland. Three mixtures were sown each month between September and June and in split sowings where the tropical species were sown in September or March, and the temperate species in May. Autumn sowings produced the most seedlings of sown species 40 d after sowing. Of the autumn months, May was the most suitable, with an establishment of 181 plants/m2 and a weed population of only 19 plants/m2. Tropical grass establishment was less than 8 plants/m2 from all sowing times. A considerable proportion of tropical grass sown in autumn appeared in spring. Split sowings were not as effective as autumn sowings and favoured the tropical species, which were sown first. Dry matter yield of sown species in the establishment year varied from 0.9 t/ha for February sowings to 12.0 t/ha for April sowings; weed yields varied from 5.8 t/ha for September sowings to 0.8 t/ha for May sowings. Tropical grass contribution was greatest from the split sowing in which the tropical species were sown in September. Temperate species yields were highest from May sowings. In the second year yields of temperate species declined substantially, mainly because of poor persistence of ryegrass. Although tropical grass yields increased in all treatments, this increase was not sufficient in the autumn sowings to compensate for the low ryegrass yields.

scholarly journals Productivity of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ influenced by strategic rest periods and nitrogen levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Fernandes Rodrigues ◽  
Antônio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
Otacílio Silveira Junior ◽  
José Geraldo Donizetti dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Quadratic Relationship ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The effects of two strategic rest periods and associated nitrogen levels on the agronomic and productive characteristics of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ were evaluated. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized 4 × 2 split-plot design, with four blocks. The treatments consisted of associations between two rest periods and four nitrogen levels. The rest periods included one at the end of 28 days (RP28days) and another when the canopy height was 40 cm (RP40cm) and nitrogen levels of 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg N ha-1 year-1 was applied as ammonium sulfate. The following variables were evaluated: rest period (RP) per cycle, total dry matter (TDM), dry matter (kg ha-1) and proportion (%) of leaf blade (LB), stem, and senescent material (SM), tiller mass, forage density, leaf area index, height, leaf:stem ratio, and crop growth rate (CGR). The variables height, TDM, LB dry matter, stem dry matter, CGR, and forage density exhibited a linear relationship with RP28days and a quadratic relationship with RP40cm with increasing N levels. The proportions of LB and stem had linear relationships with N levels for RP28days and RP40cm. The leaf:stem ratio was affected by increasing N levels and it fit the quadratic model for both rest strategies. The SM proportion had a quadratic relationship only with RP28days. The tiller mass had a linear relationship with RP28days, whereas SM dry matter showed a linear relationship for RP40cm. The use of the RP40cm reduced the period needed to begin a new grazing cycle. The level of 450 kg N ha-1 is recommended for RP28days and levels between 380 to 400 kg N ha-1 provided better results for RP40cm.

scholarly journals Nodule damage by clover root weevil larvae in white clover swards

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Impact

The impact of clover root weevil larval populations was assessed in pure swards of Grasslands Prestige and Grasslands Kopu white clover in a small plot trial Nodule damage was very evident and both cultivars showed significant increases in nodule damage and decreases in percent foliar nitrogen in November in response to increasing winter larval numbers Dry matter production of Kopu in November was related to foliar nitrogen levels

scholarly journals An overview of vaginal infections’ etiologies in south-eastern Gabon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
michelle bignoumba ◽  
Kelly MBOMBE MOGHOA ◽  
Jean Ulrich MUANDZE-NZAMBE ◽  
Roland Fabrice KASSA KASSA ◽  
Yann MOUANGA NDZIME ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Aerobic Vaginitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Discomfort in women of childbearing age associated with vaginal infections, namely Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), Aerobic Vaginitis (AV), VulVovaginal Candidiasis (VVC), and Trichomoniasis (TV), represent a serious and ongoing gynecological complication throughout the world. This study aimed to investigate the etiologies of vaginal infections among outpatients in south-eastern Gabon. A cross-sectional study was designed using participants referred directly by their treating doctor for a vaginal swab. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Microscopic examinations were used for TV and BV diagnostic. All vaginal swabs were cultured for AV and VVC isolates using standard microbiology methods. A total of 573 women of reproductive age participated in the study. The most common identified vaginal infections were BV (62.8%) and AV (51.1%) followed by VVC (34.1%). No significant difference was observed for each etiology compared to socio-demographic data. Streptococcus B (23.9%), Staphyloccocus aureus (17.7%), Klebsiella spp. (11.6%), and E. coli (5.8%) were the bacteria most associated with AV. A high incidence of Non-C. Albicans Candida (NCAC) strains causing vulvovaginitis were found. The prevalence of TV (2.1%) was low. Mixed infections had been common among participants. No association was found with TV and other vaginal infections, unlike others studies. The present study identified BV 228 (83.5%) and AV 227 (83.2%) as the main cause of mixed infections. The mixed infection AV-BV 113 (41.4%) was the most represented. Also, that simultaneous AV-BV-VVC represented 69 (25.3%) of mixed infections. Molecular analyses would be needed to identify the key species commonly associated with these vaginal infections.

Agronomic evaluation of white clover selected for increased floral condensed tannin

2003 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
V.T. Burggraaf ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
E.R. Thom ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
D.R. Woodfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
First Year ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Point Density

The agronomic performance of an experimental white clover (HT) selection bred for increased floral condensed tannin (CT) production and extended flowering season was compared with Grasslands Huia white clover, under dairy cow grazing in the Waikato. Pure clover swards were sown at 5 kg/ha in autumn 2001. Seedling establishment was better in HT than Huia, but stolon growing point densities from January 2002 to May 2003 were 13 to 62% greater in Huia than HT. Huia swards had higher clover contents than HT, and produced 0.8 t/ha more DM (dry matter) in the first year. CT concentr ations in the flower heads varied over the season, but were similar in the two clovers (1 to 8% of DM). Higher flower densities in HT resulted in higher clover CT concentrations (peak of 0.6 vs 1.2 % of DM for Huia and HT, r espectively). Further testing is required to determine any effects of HT on animal performance. Keywords: condensed tannins, flowering, growing point density, Trifolium repens, white clover

Four-year leys: the inclusion of red clover: first year management

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
F. H. Garner ◽  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Summer Grazing

1. Two experiments have been carried out on the Cambridge University Farm to test the desirability of including late-flowering red clover in the seeds mixture in the case of a 4-year ley, and to compare grazing with cutting for hay in the first harvest year.2. The majority of the red clover survived for the first 2 years, during which it increased the yield of dry matter very markedly; it did not lead to any reduction of yield in the last 2 years. By producing an early cover of the ground red clover checked the encroachment of weeds; although it reduced the proportion of wild white clover in the herbage in the later years, the reduction was not serious.3. Where the young plants were well established at the time, and normal weather conditions were experienced, grazing was definitely preferable to cutting for hay during the first harvest year. Where the plants were slow in establishing themselves, and in a superlatively dry spring and summer, grazing checked the development of the sward too much, and cutting for hay gave much better results.

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards VI. The effects of different closeness and frequency of cutting treatments on the yield and quality of herbage from a cocksfoot/white clover sward

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYYields and quality of herbage from a cocksfoot/white clover sward were compared over a 3-year period when cut repeatedly with a reeiprocating-blade mower to either 1 in or 2½ in from ground level or with a cylinder lawnmower to 1 in from ground level. The comparisons were made under two frequencies of cutting, namely five times per season at the ‘grazing’ stage, or three times at the ‘silage’ stage.Cutting to 1 in from ground level with the reciprocating-blade mower gave a greater total yield of dry matter and crude protein than did cutting to 2½ in with the same mower in the first year, when the average dry-matter yield difference was 10·7 %, but no significant differences were recorded in subsequent years. It is suggested that the difference noted in the first year was due mainly to the harvesting at the first cut in the season of the layer of herbage between 1 and 2½ in from ground level, and not to any differential effects of the treatments on stem and leaf development of the cocksfoot.Cutting to 1 in from ground level with the lawnmower gave smaller dry-matter yields than did cutting to 1 in with the reciprocating-blade mower at both stages of growth in the first year, but a slightly greater yield at the ‘grazing’ stage in the third year. The type of mower used affected the botanical composition of the sward.

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