Further sources of field resistance to crown rot (Gibberella zeae) of cereals in Queensland

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (51) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Wildermuth ◽  
GS Purss
Keyword(s):  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis

Four hundred cultivars and lines of wheat, five cultivars of oats, and two of barley were examined for resistance to crown rot (Gibberella zeae) in field trials over the period 1965-1969. Field resistance was confirmed in the wheat cultivars Gala and Mengavi ; resistance comparable with that of Gala was also demonstrated in three lines of wheat and the five oat cultivars. Canary grass (Phalaris canariensis) was also tested and proved very susceptible to the disease. Although no specific resistance was demonstrated, the generalized resistance available offers a worthwhile means of combating crown rot.

The relationship between strains of Fusarium graminearum schwabe causing crown rot of various gramineous hosts and stalk rot of maize in Queensland

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Purss
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Pathogenic Races ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis

The fungus Fusarium graminearum is shown to have a wide host range on gramineous plants in Queensland. Isolates from hosts other than maize when inoculated onto wheat seed were capable of causing the disease known as crown rot in resulting plants. The same disease was reproduced by wheat isolates in other gramineous hosts including canary grass (Phalaris canariensis), barley, and rye but oats was only slightly susceptible. No symptoms typical of field infection could be reproduced in maize. Root rot occurred in linseed. The perfect state of the organism as it occurs in Queensland is described and identified as Gibberella zeae. This was reproduced experimentally, easily in the case of maize isolates but only with some difficulty with isolates from other hosts. The occurrence in Queensland of pathogenic races of Gibberella zeae is postulated.

Crown rot of lucerne in Queensland caused by Colletotrichum trifolii

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (67) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAG Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Commercial Cultivar ◽  
Colletotrichum Trifolii ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Characteristic Symptom ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

A detailed description of a crown rot of lucerne caused by Colletotrichum trifolii is given for the first time in Australia. The characteristic symptom of the disease, which causes serious losses in Queensland, is an internal black discolouration extending from the base of infected tillers, through the crown and often into the tap root. The fungus spreads internally into the crown tissue from anthracnose lesions produced on the stem bases. Field trials at Gatton and Biloela have shown that the cultivars Denmat, African, Siro Peruvian, and Gabes are particularly susceptible. High levels of field resistance are available in the cultivars Rhizoma, Lahontan, and the experimental lines ESI, BDSI, and ECRSI. The common commercial cultivar, Hunter River, was less susceptible than many of the cultivars tested.

Field resistance of oat cultivars to cereal root eelworm (Heterodera avenae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Mathison
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Cereal Root

Oat cultivars were classified as resistant or susceptible to cereal root eelworm (Heteroaera avenae Woll.) by their reaction to the pathogen on the basis of visual symptoms and grain yields. The cultivars Alpha, Avon, Ballidu, Early Kherson, Fulghum, Fulmark, Kent, and Orient were more susceptible than New Zealand Cape. The relative efficiency of the oat cultivars in supporting the eelworm population was assessed following a period under volunteer pasture and fallow by measuring the depression in yield of a susceptible crop of Gabo wheat. Cultivars causing least depression were classified as inefficient hosts. Avon, Ballidu, and Kent, together with the resistant New Zealand Cape, were equally the least efficient hosts. Fulghum and Orient were between the least and most efficient host groups. Susceptibility was not necessarily associated with host efficiency, hence it is likely that different mechanisms govern susceptibility and host efficiency. Recognition of this is important in programmes aimed at the control of eelworm using cereals in rotation, or the breeding of resistant cultivars.

Resistance to common root rot (Cochliobolur sativus) in wheat in Queensland

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Purss
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Wheat Lines

The field resistance to common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) of wheat lines, graded for their reaction to this disease in Canada, was determined under Queensland conditions. Several Australian varieties were also examined. Lines considered resistant and susceptible in Canada behaved in a similar fashion under Queensland conditions, while Australian varieties were generally intermediate. Discolouration of the sub-crown internode was the commonest symptom of the disease and was associated generally with a decrease in individual plant yield and in the number of heads on each plant. Discolouration of the sub-crown internode associated with Pyrenochaeta sp. in one experiment gave a varietal reaction pattern similar to that obtained with C. sativus at other sites. There appears little relationship between varietal reaction to common root rot and that previous1 reported to crown rot (Gibberella zeae).

The effect of seed rate and growing season on four oat cultivars: II. Culm morphology and panicle conformation

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Jones ◽  
J. D. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYThe effects of low and high seed rates on height, culm and panicle morphology of four oat cultivars grown in field trials in two growing seasons were investigated. Significant differences were detected between cultivars in the number of extended culm internodes, panicle whorls initiated, total height, length of panicle and individual internodes. Differences in seed rate had no effect on the number of culm internodes, but high seed rate significantly reduced the whorl number in the panicle, total plant height, length of panicle and the three upper internodes. The fourth internode remained unaffected, but the lowermost internode showed a relative length increase at high seed rate. The interaction of cultivar x seed rate was significant for total height, and for the length of the central internodes, but the length of the panicle was similarly affected in all cultivars.Panicle conformation was markedly affected by seed rate; high population density caused a reduction in number of grain-bearing whorls, and reduced the number of spikelets and total grain weight per whorl, and 1000 grain weight particularly in the lowermost whorls. The percentage of husk in the grain was increased slightly at high seed rate. The effect of seed rate on culm and panicle morphology is discussed in relation to the development of stiffer-strawed oats.

Biological activity of Pyraclostrobin against Coniella granati causing pomegranate crown rot

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Chun-Yan Gu ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Jia-Zhi Sun ◽  
Hao-Yu Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Intracellular Organelle ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Conidium Germination

Pomegranate crown rot caused by Coniellagranati is one of the most severe diseases of pomegranate. To date, no fungicides have been registered for controlling this disease in China. Pyraclostrobin, belonging to strobilurin fungicides, has a broad spectrum of activity against many phytopathogens. In this study, based on the mycelial growth and conidial germination inhibition methods, we investigated the biological activity of pyraclostrobin against C. granati at the presence of 50 μg/mL SHAM using 80 isolates collected from different orchards in China during 2012-2018. The EC50 (50% effective concentration) values ranged from 0.040-0.613 μg/mL for mycelial growth and 0.013-0.110 μg/mL for conidium germination, respectively. Treated with pyraclostrobin, the hyphae morphology changed and conidial production of C. granati decreased significantly. The result of transmission electron microscope showed that treatment of pyraclostrobin could make the cell wall thinner, and lead to ruptured cell membrane and formation of intracellular organelle autophagosomes. The pyraclostrobin showed good protective and curative activities against C. granati on detached pomegranate fruits. In field trials, pyraclostrobin showed excellent control efficacy against this disease in which the treatment of 25% pyraclostrobin EC 1000× provided 92.25% and 92.58% control efficacy in 2019 and 2020, respectively, significantly higher than that of other treatments. Therefore, pyraclostrobin could be a candidate fungicide for the control of pomegranate crown rot.

scholarly journals Genetic Variance for Fusarium Crown Rot Tolerance in Durum Wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gururaj Kadkol ◽  
Jess Meza ◽  
Steven Simpfendorfer ◽  
Steve Harden ◽  
Brian Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Tolerance Indices

AbstractTolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant checks, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2-49, a bread wheat line with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but many durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum lines, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2-49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop high yielding FCR-tolerant genotypes. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.

scholarly journals Controlling dietary cation-anion differences in forages by chloride fertilisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Nesheim ◽  
Olav Martin Synnes ◽  
Arvid Steen ◽  
Anne Langerud ◽  
Anne Kjersti Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
The Ideal

Rations with low to negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) given to dairy cows before calving reduce the risk of hypocalcaemia (milk fever). Different strategies for increasing forage DCAD were investigated in field trials in Central and Western Norway. Fertilisation with 70, 140 or 210 kg Cl per hectare as calcium chloride and low supply rates of K reduced DCAD in forage harvested at late developmental stages in spring growth of timothy and meadow fescue. The ideal negative DCAD was only attained on soils very low in plant available K. Timing (spring versus late spring) and source of Cl (CaCl2 versus MgCl2) were of no importance for the result. When pure stands of seven grasses were fertilised in spring either without chloride or with 140 kg chloride per hectare, the lowest values of DCAD after chloride fertilisation were found in perennial ryegrass and reed canary grass. By comparison, cocksfoot had equally high or higher Cl concentrations in its tissues, but accumulated more K, and seemed to be poorly suited for low DCAD forage production. It was concluded that Cl fertilisation is a more efficient means of controlling DCAD than sward species composition.

scholarly journals Identification of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Cultivars and Development of Multiplex PCR

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tomkowiak ◽  
Roksana Skowrońska ◽  
Alicja Buda ◽  
Danuta Kurasiak-Popowska ◽  
Jerzy Nawracała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Pcr Conditions ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

AbstractTen leading wheat cultivars originating from the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) - National Research Institute (Poland) and the Department of Gene Bank (Czech Republic) were used to establish a field experiment in 2017 and 2018 at the Dłoń Experimental Farm. The analyzed wheat genotypes were characterized by diversified field resistance to leaf rust. Jubilatka, Thatcher and Sparta were the most resistant cultivars in field conditions in both 2017 and 2018. The aim of the work was to identify the Lr11, L13, Lr16 and Lr26 genes encoding resistance to leaf rust using molecular SSR markers (wmc24, wmc261, Xgwm630, Xwmc764 and P6M12) and to develop multiplex PCR conditions to accelerate identification of these genes. Markers of three leaf rust resistance genes have been identified simultaneously in these cultivars. Jubilatka, Thatcher and Sparta cultivars may serve as a good source of the analyzed leaf rust resistance genes. In addition, multiplex PCR conditions have been developed for the simultaneous identification of the Lr11 and Lr16 and Lr11 and Lr26 gene pairs.

Phalaris canariensis (Canary grass)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1799-1800
Author(s):  
K. Subramanya Sastry ◽  
Bikash Mandal ◽  
John Hammond ◽  
S. W. Scott ◽  
R. W. Briddon
Keyword(s):  
Canary Grass ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis
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