scholarly journals Field germination and preservation of safower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.) depending on the rowspacing width and seeding rate

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
A. Rozhkov ◽  
D. Demkov
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Three Factor

Taking into account extremely important signifcance of feld germination and plant preservation for their growth and development, the level of cropping capacity and product quality, it is of interest to establish the dependencies of these indicators on the elements of cultivation technology that determine the level of competitive struggle in agrophytocenoses. The conducted research was aimed at determining the influence of various combinations of row-spacing width and seeding rate on the feld germination and the preservation of safower plants under conditions of the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with its typical frequent heat and drought during the spring-summer vegetation. The research was carried out during 2019–2020 on the felds of limited (liability) company “Kayari” Chuguievsky district of Kharkiv region. In a three-factor experiment, we studied two varieties of safower – Lahidny and Dobrynya, three variants of row-spacing width – 15, 30 and 45 cm, and fve variants of the seeding rate – 240 thousand pieces/ha, 270, 300, 330 and 360 thousand pieces/ha. Considerable differences in the main meteorological indicators in the years of research made it possible to more fully determine the effect of row-spacing width and the seeding rate on the feld germination and plants survival of the studying safower varieties. Seeding rates in the studying range – from 240 to 360 thousand pieces/ha did not have a signifcant effect on the change in the feld germination of safower seeds of both varieties. At the same time, there was a tendency to increase this indicator due to an increase in the seeding rate. In particular, on average for the varieties and the studying variants of row-spacing width, with an increase in the seeding rate from 240 to 360 thousand pieces/ha, the feld germination of safower seeds increased by 1.1 % – from 80.2 to 81.3 %. Preservation of safower plants of both varieties signifcantly decreased with an increase in the seeding rate from 330 to 360 thousand pieces/ha. In the range of the seeding rate from 240 to 330 thousand units/ha, only a statistically unproven tendency to reduce this indicator was noted. There was no considerable difference between the preservation indicators of safower plants on the variants with row-spacing of 15 and 30 cm. This indicates that on these variants of row-spacing width, variation of competition between plants depending on the seeding rate in the studying range does not lead to a signifcant decrease in plant preservation indicators. Key words: safower, variety, row-spacing width, seeding rate, plant preservation, feld germination.

scholarly journals Formation of alfalfa leafiness by the phases of growth and development

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Kvytko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
The Right

The results of two-year studies (2017—2018) on the effect of the seeding rate and row spacing on the leafiness of alfalfa plants of different geographical origin carried out on the gray forest soils of the right-bank Forest-Steppe are presented. It is established that the variety of the southern breeding Angelica prevailed over the local variety Rosan by its leafiness by 0.5—1.6 % regardless of the phase of growth and development. The highest leafiness indices were obtained when the seeding rate was 8.0 million/ha, which amounted to 50.9—51.8 %. The row spacing provided the growth of the leaf mass by 0.2 %.

scholarly journals Features of growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] plants depending on the width of rows and seeding rate in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
L. A. Pravdyva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intensive Growth

Purpose. To establish the optimal row spacing and so­wing rate of sorghum seeds of grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’, to substantiate their influence on the growing season and biometric parameters of plants in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The most intensive growth and development of sorghum plants was observed when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha. In particular, the duration of the growing season under such conditions was the smallest: 108 days for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 106 days for the ‘Vinets’ variety. At the same time, the indicators of field seeds germination, plant height and stem diameter were maximum in the experiment: ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ – 88.7%, 137.3 cm and 1.7 cm, ‘Vinets’ – 86.9%, 121.8 cm and 1.6 cm, respectively. It was found that an increase in seeding rate reduced indicators of productive tillering, leaf area and weight per plant. The most intense tillering of sorghum plants was observed at a seeding rate of 150 and 200 thousand pieces/ha for all the studied variants of the row spacing: on average, up to two panicles well filled with grain per plant, depending on the varietal characte­ristics. At the rate of 250 thousand pieces/ha, tillering of plants in both varieties was somewhat weaker – 1.0–1.1 panicles per plant. The largest indicators of leaf surface area and weight of one plant were with a row spacing of 45 cm: 1528–2320 cm2 and 169.2–185.6 g in the variety ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and 1476–2180 cm2 and 143.1–162.3 g in the variety ‘Vinets’ depending on planting density. Reduction of row spacing up to 15 cm and its increase up to 70 cm led to a decrease in the main parameters of plant growth and development. Conclusions. Sorghum plants developed better when sown with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha, which were recommended for growing crops in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

scholarly journals DOKTRIN ULTRA VIRES DAN KONSEKUENSI PENERAPANNYA TERHADAP BADAN HUKUM PRIVAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Limited Liability Company

An acts is ultra vires when corporation is without authority to perform it under any circumstance or for any purpose beyond the scope of the powers of corporation, as defined by its charter or by law  of incorporation. Some countries restrict the application of the doctrine of ultra vires but do not abolish it. Indonesia adopt doctrine of ultra vires in some of its law such as Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Company and Law No. 25 of 2003 concerning Anti Money Laundering. The provisions of ultra vires doctrine has impact to other legal person than Limited Liability Company. Key words: ultra vires, extra vires, intra vires

scholarly journals Закономірності формування урожайності насіння проса прутоподібного в умовах Лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
М. І. Кулик ◽  
І. І. Рожко
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Number Of Stems

Акцентовано увагу на необхідності дослідження особливостей формування урожайності насіння проса прутоподібного (світчграсу) для забезпечення виробничих площ достатньою кількістю насіннєвого матеріалу. Здійснено спроуа визначення залежності урожаю насіння від елементів технології вирощування у зв’язку з погодними умовами веґетаційного періоду. Експеримент із вивчення насіннєвої продуктивності світчграсу проведено в умовах Лісостепу з використанням методичних рекомендацій вітчизняних та зарубіжних авторів. За результати дослідження визначено комплексний вплив елементів технології вирощування на фоні контрастних умов веґетації культури на урожайність насіння світчграсу. Встановлено, що на урожайність насіння світчграсу мають вплив погодні умови вирощування (середньодобова температура повітря та кількість опадів) протягом веґетаційного періоду. Найбільша урожайність насіння формується за вирощуванні рослин за ширини міжряддя 60 см, Як ширші, так і вужчі міжряддя зменшують даний показник. Визначено рівнозначний вплив біометричних показників рослин (висоти та кількості стебел) на урожайність насіння світчграсу. При цьому застосування весняного підживлення посівів певною мірою нівелює негативний вплив погодних умов. The article focuses attention on the necessity of studying the peculiarities of the formation of switchgrass yield for providing productive areas with sufficient amount of seed material. An attempt to determine the dependence of yield on the elements of cultivation technology in connection with the weather conditions of the growing season has been made. The experiment on studying seed efficiency of switchgrass was carried out under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe using methodolo-gical recommendations of domestic and foreign authors. The yield of seed was determined by weighing method by weighing the seed material from each variant of the field experiment. In our study we used both general scientific methods (dialectics, experiment, analysis and synthesis) and special ones, among them: laboratory – the determination of quantitative indices of plants (height and density of stems); field – determination of the interaction of the subject with the object of research; calculation-weight – establishment of seed productivity and yield of seeds; mathematical analysis of interconnections and graphical representation of data in the experiment.  Complex influence of the cultivation technology elements during the contrast conditions of crop vegetation upon the switchgrass yield has been established. It has been determined that the weather conditions (average daily air temperature and rainfall) during the growing season influenced on switchgrass yield. The highest seed yield is formed by growing plants at a width of rotation of 60 cm, both wider and narrowed row spacings reduce this figure. The equivalent effect of biometric indices of plants (height and number of stems) on the yield of the seed of the switchgrass is determined. At the same time the application of spring crop yields to some extent offsets the negative effects of weather conditions.  Application of fertilizers in plant cultivation with row spacing of 60 cm – from 0.57 t/ha to 0.72 t/ha has the greatest influence on swithgrass yield. Both increase and decrease of the width of row spacing leads to decrease of  crop yield. Swithgrass yield depends on the height of the plants by 25% under the coefficient of correlation r = 0.51 and by 23% – on the number of stems according to the correlation coefficient r = 0.48.

Fennel seeds in the forest-steppe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stroyanovskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Maximum Content

Goal. To substantiate the technology of growing fennel in Lisste. Crop accounting was performed by continuous submerged threshing. Methods. The yield was brought to 100% purity and standard humidity according to the method described by V.O. Moiseychenko and V.O. Yeshchenko. Mathematical data processing was performed according to the method of B.A. Dopehova. Results. The article highlights the results of studies of technological factors influence (sowing time, seeding rates, row spacing, growth regulators and terms of their application) on the yield and quality of fennel seeds when grown in the Western Forest-Steppe. Indicators of yield and content of essential oil in seeds depending on the studied factors are given. According to the research results, on average over the years of research the yield of fennel seeds at 1.56 t / ha was obtained by sowing at the level of thermal regime of the soil 6–80C in a wide row at 45 cm by seeding rate of one million sprouting seeds per hectare. Among the studied agents Vermiyodis was the best when used for seed treatment, and the agent Humifield – for the treatment of vegetative plants, the yield on these variants exceeded the control by: 0.28 and 0.30 t / ha, respectively. The maximum content of essential oil in the same variants of experiments was determined. In addition, calculations have been made which show that the maximum conditional oil yield of 60 kg / ha was observed in the variant of sowing in the first term with a row spacing of 45 cm and the sowing rate of one million sprouting seeds per hectare. The use of growth regulators helped to increase the conditional yield of essential oil by 4.5–11.6 kg / ha. Conclusions. Тo ensure the yield of fennel seeds at the level of 1.56-1.8 t / ha, the content of essential oil in the seeds - in the range of 6.26-6.36% in the Western Forest-Steppe, we offer sowing at the level of soil thermal regime 6-80C in a wide row at 45 cm sowing rate of one million such seeds per hectare, in the phase of plant stems - spraying crops growth regulator Humifield at the rate of 100 g / ha, dissolved in 250 liters of water.

Row spacing and seeding rates to optimize safflower yield on the Canadian prairies

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Mündel ◽  
R. J. Morrison ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
B. T. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Seed Yields

Nine experiments were conducted in Alberta and Manitoba between 1988 and 1991 to determine the effect of row spacing and seeding rates on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yield, oil content, test weight and maturity. Row spacings of 15 and 30 cm at Morden had little effect on yield, while in southern Alberta there was a tendency toward increased yields with narrow rows (23 cm) compared with wide rows (46 cm). Seeding rates of 32–40 kg ha−1 were required to obtain maximum seed yields. Oil content, test weight, and days to maturity were not consistently affected by row spacing or seeding rate. Key words:Carthamus, row spacings, seeding rates, yield, oil, test weight, maturity

Field germination and preservation of grain sorghum plants depending on the row-spacing width and the seeding rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
A.A. Rozhkov ◽  
S.Yu. Davydenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Adaptive Technologies

The results of two-year research on the complex effect of different options of row-spacing width and the seeding rate on field germination and preservation of grain sorghum hybrids plants are presented. Problem statement. The conservatism of agricultural products producers, as well as the lack of adaptive technologies for growing sorghum, is a limiting factor of enlargement of sorghum sowing areas. That is why improving the technology of sorghum growing, which forms high and stable yields under arid conditions, is a relevant task at the current stage of country's agricultural sector development. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of various options of combining the seeding rate and row-spacing width on field germination and preservation of grain sorghum plants under conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Research methods. Research on study the influence of three row-spacing width – 35, 45 and 70 cm and four options of the seeding rates of 100, 140, 180 and 220 thousand pieces/ha on field germination and preservation of sorghum plants of Svat and Flagg hybrids were held in 2019, 2020 on the basis of Farming Enterprise "Dyunis" of Kreminsk District, Luhansk Region. The area of sown and accounting plots was 40.0 and 30.0 m2, respectively. Research results. In experiments we have noted the tendency to increase field germination, under condition of the seeding rate increases and row-spacing widening. The influence of the studying options of the seeding rate and row-spacing on plant preservation was significantly higher than on field germination. On the crops of both hybrids, the influence of the seeding rate to a greater extent manifested on the options with row-spacing of 70 cm. Thus, with an increase in the seeding rate from 100 to 220 thousand pieces/ha, the plant preservation on the options with 35 cm row-spacing decreased by 3.5 %, while on the options with 70 cm row-spacing – by 6.7 %. There was no significant difference between the plant preservation indicators obtained on the options with row-spacing of 35 and 45 cm. With the widening of the row-spacing to 70 cm, this indicator significantly decreased. Conclusions. The studied element of the cultivation technology provided certain changes in the indices of field germination of seeds and the safety of sorghum plants. More influence they have on the safety of the plant, since the start of the growing competition between the plants is much less. An increase in the seeding rate caused a significant decrease in plant preservation, and to a greater extent with an increase in the seeding rate from 180 to 220 thousand pieces/ha. In the seeding rate from 100 to 180 thousand pieces/ha, there was no significant variation in the survival rates of sorghum plants. There was virtually no difference between the survival rates of sorghum plants in variants with row spacing of 35 and 45 cm, which indicates that within the boundaries of these row spacing, the competition between plants does not change significantly. Key words: row-spacing width, seeding rate, sorghum, hybrid, field germination, plants preservation.

scholarly journals Growth, Development And Productivity Of Giant Miscanthus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Nedilska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Giant Miscanthus ◽  
Cultivation Technology

Miscanthus giant is one of the perspective crops for the soil and climatic zone of Ukraine, which is grown as raw material for processing into solid biofuels. However, for industrial use there is no cultivation technology adapted to the conditions of Ukraine. One of the promising directions is to study the conditions of giant miscanthus productivity increasing on the basis of determining the features of plant growth and development, improving the elements of cultivation technology in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe. As a result of the observations and calculations, the peculiarities of plant growth and development in the first and subsequent years of vegetation and the formation of the above ground mass (biomass) of giant miscanthus were analyzed, depending on the soil and climatic conditions of cultivation. The regularities of growth conditions dependens, development and formation of miscanthus productivity due to influence of agrotechnical factors of planting density and mass of rhizomes are established in the study. Biometric indices of giant miscanthus plants in sprout height for October make a maximum value of 159 cm for planting density of 15 thousand plants / ha with mass of rhizomes 41-70 g. The maximum value of the biomass yield indicator was noted for planting density study of 15,000 units / ha with rhizomes of 41-70 g, which averaged 18.5 tons / ha during the years of analysis. Based on the results of the research, for providing a high productivity of miscanthus giant plants as raw material for Western Forest-Steppe biofuel production, the planting density of 15 thousand plants / ha with rhizomes 41-70 g is recommended. Improved technology for the cultivation of giant miscanthus for biofuel production is proposed

scholarly journals Growth, development and yield of beet varieties under the action of biological products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
О. I. Ulyanich ◽  
◽  
S. A. Vdovenko ◽  
V. V. Yatsenko ◽  
M. M. Chmil
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Blade Area ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The search for new conditions for growing vegetables in organic crops in order to obtain safe products and in connection with changes in climatic conditions requires an immediate solution. The article considers and proves that the use of biological products affects the formation of highly productive crops and promotes the production of products with a high content of biologically active substances. Studies have shown a positive effect of biological products on the growth and development and yield of beetroot varieties Delicatessen and Red Ball. Studies have been conducted to study the technological aspects of growing vegetables, in particular with the use of biological products, taking into account the environmental impact of both growth processes and quantitative and qualitative indicators. Features of various biological products and their efficiency are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the use of biologicals, which allowed to comprehensively assess the impact of elements of cultivation technology on phenological, biometric, indicators, yield and quality of table beet products, development and improvement of elements of technology for their cultivation in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. This involves the use of highly productive varieties, the use of various effective biological products, is relevant for the spread and cultivation of table beets in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Phenological observations of canteen beet plants showed that they developed differently and reacted differently in the phases of growth and development, depending on the introduced biological products. The technical ripeness phase began on days 121–129 and was longer than in the control. With the introduction of Solutin and Chlorella – 128–129 days, and in short - with the introduction of biological products Helprost vegetable, Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp, Solutin + Phytohelp – 121–125 days. It was proved that table beet plants differed in height, number of leaves, leaf blade area and their total area per hectare, which compared to the control were from the use of a tank mixture of biological products Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp – 28.3–28.7 thousand m2/ha, which is significantly higher than the control by 13.6–14.8 thousand m2/ha. The area of leaves was slightly lower as a result of the use of other drugs and mixtures – 21.8–22.6 thousand m2/ha. The use of a mixture of drugs Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp contributed to an increase in the mass of the root of table beets by 255–350 g, which is significantly higher than the control by 9–10 g. A positive effect on the yield of beetroot was shown by the vegetable Helprost preparation, as well as a mixture of vegetable Helprost + Phytohelp preparations, the use of which provided a yield of 52.4–63.8 t/ha. The use of a mixture of biological products Solutin + Phytohelp improves the appearance of the plant, increases resistance to harmful microorganisms, and the marketable yield increases to 26.0 t/ha and significantly exceeds the control by 3.2 t/ha.

Effect of seeding rate and row spacing on the height of Medicago sativa plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
H. I. Demydas ◽  
M. H. Kvytko
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Second Year

The purpose of the research was to identify the influence of cultivation technology elements on the parameters of Medicago sativa plant height of different geographical origin. Methods. Field, measurement, statistical methods. Research results. Observations showed that in the year of sowing during the vegetation of Medicago sativa its stalks were stunted and ranged within 28.0—33.3 cm irrespective of the seeding rate, varietal features and row spacing. In the second year of life in the budding phase, the plant growth rates of the varieties maintained throughout the growing season, whereas in the early flowering phase, they varied according to mowing and had a sinusoidal nature. The intensity of growth processes in the third year of life changed and in the budding phase of Medicago sativa it remained stable only in the first-second mowing ranging within 61.3—69.3 cm, whereas in the third-fourth mowing the indicators decreased from 59.1 up to 44.5 cm, or 10.2—16.8 cm. In the flowering phase, plant height was the highest in the first mowing and reached 99.7—101.4 cm, which decreased to 55.2 in the second and third mowing to 59.6 cm, or by 39.5—41.8 cm, regardless of the factors studied. Conclusions. The tendency towards the decrease in plant height with reduction of row spacing to 12.5 cm and increase of seeding rate and its growth at row spacing of 25 cm was revealed. The sinusoidal nature of Medicago sativa formation according to mowing both between the varieties and row spacing was established.

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