A study on the effect of frequency of urea ingestion on the utilization of low quality roughage by steers

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Romero ◽  
BD Siebert ◽  
RM Murray
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Positive Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Steers were fed a low quality roughage supplemented with 50 g urea day-1 administered at different frequencies. The effect of the different treatments was measured in terms of intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and changes of some rumen fermentation measures in two different but complementary experiments. Utilization of the roughage was enhanced as the frequency of ingestion of urea increased. Organic matter digestibility was unaffected but voluntary intake was stimulated by all urea treatments. There was negative nitrogen balance in control animals but all treated were in positive nitrogen balance. However, the greatest retention was produced when urea was sprayed onto the ration. Possible reasons for the better utilization of urea as the frequency of ingestion spreads over the day are suggested by the results observed in the fermentation measures considered.

Digestibility and voluntary intake of roughages by wild boar and Meishan pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. van Wieren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractThe digestibility and voluntary intake of fibrous roughages and acorns was studied in six wild boar and five Meishan pigs. The neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) concentration of the diets ranged from 139 to 767 g/kg of the organic matter. Organic matter digestibility of acorns, mixed grass and wheat straw was higher in wild boar (P < 0·05) while voluntary food intake of the Meishan pigs was higher for mixed grass, hay and wheat straw (P < 0·05). Organic matter digestibility (P < 0·01) and NDF digestibility (P < 0·05) were both negatively related to NDF concentration of the diet. No relationship existed between voluntary food intake and NDF concentration of the diet. The apparent nitrogen (N) digestibility was positively related (P < 0·01) to dietary N while no relationship was found with dietary NDF. The negative effect of NDF on digestibility could only be partly explained by the lignin concentration of NDF. Much more important was the lower efficiency of the carbohydrate fermentation in the caecum and colon when compared with the direct absorption of glucose from the small intestine. It was estimated that digestible NDF at a maximum contributed proportionately 0·26 to the metabolizable energy intake of the animals. It was concluded that wild boar and domestic pigs should be able to maintain themselves on an all fresh grass diet when NDF concentration of the diet does not exceed about 550 g/kg and N concentration is not too low.

The use of cell wall organic matter components and in vitro degradability characteristics to predict intake and digestibility of white clover for sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Nandra ◽  
VH Oddy ◽  
JF Ayres ◽  
PJ Nicholls ◽  
B Langevad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Predictive Relations ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The relations of the laboratory measurement of cell wall organic matter (CWOM) components and of the in vitro degradability characteristics of CWOM with in vivo digestibility and voluntary intake for high quality white clover were investigated. The voluntary intake, apparent digestibility and apparent rumen retention time of CWOM of white clover harvested at various stages of maturity were measured in rumen-cannulated Merino wether sheep. The in vitro degradability characteristics of CWOM of these diets were also measured. This study has quantified strong predictive relations between structural fibre constituents or degradation parameters and both digestibility and intake for white clover. The CWOM, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and potential degradability of CWOM of the white clover predicted in vivo organic matter digestibility with good precision (r2 = 0.74, 0.67, 0.72 and 0.72 respectively). The voluntary intakes of organic matter and digestible organic matter of the white clover were strongly related to CWOM, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and to the rate of degradation of CWOM in the rumen and the fits of these relations were at least as good as those predicting organic matter digestibility. The predictive equations based on CWOM: OMD (g/kg) = 97.6-0.081 (� 0.012) CWOM OMI (g/kg) = 83-0.085 (� 0.018) CWOM DOMI (g/kg) = 71.4-0.098 (� 0.015) CWOM are recommended because of the ease of analysis of CWOM in the laboratory.

The effect of level of feeding on the digestibility of diets for sheep and cattle

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Leaver ◽  
R. C. Campling ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Linear Decline ◽  
Male Sheep

SUMMARY1. In the first experiment, the digestibility of diets containing ratios of 1:1 and 1:4 hay to concentrates was determined at five levels of feeding in castrated male sheep. With diet 1.1, increasing the daily dry matter intake from 600 to 1400 g resulted in a linear decline in organic matter digestibility from 74·4 to 68·6%. The same increase in level of feeding led to a curvilinear decline in the organic matter digestibility of diet 1.4 from 83·0 to 75·9%.2. In a similar way the crude fibre digestibility of the diets declined as food intake increased. Also the increase in level of feeding caused a decrease in the mean retention time of stained hay in the alimentary tract.3. In a second experiment the digestibility of long dried grass offered ad libitum to eight dry and eight lactating cows was measured and compared with the digestibility of similar dried grass offered at maintenance level and ad libitum to eight castrated male sheep.4. On a metabolic live-weight basis (kg W0·73), the lactating cows ate 34% more organic matter than the dry cows and the mean voluntary intake of sheep was only 54% of the intake of dry cows.5. The organic matter digestibility for the dry cows was 1·9 units higher than that of the lactating cows and at ad libitum intake the organic matter digestibility for the sheep was 5·6 and 3·7 units lower than that of the dry and lactating cows respectively. The results are discussed in relation to the validity of extrapolating results obtained with sheep to cattle, and with non·lactating to lactating animals.

scholarly journals Effect of tannin from blackberry (Syzigium cumini) seed on in vitro rumen fermentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
SCK Barma ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
M Monirruzzaman ◽  
MB Sarker ◽  
AKMA Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

An experiment was conducted to quantify the chemical composition, different forms of tannins and their effects on in vitro gas production, organic matter digestibility and metabolisable energy content in Syzigium cumini (Blackberry) seed with and without polyethelene glycol (PEG). The DM, OM, ash, CP, NDF and ADF contents of S. cumini seeds were 90.1, 87.6, 2.6, 4.6, 32.9 and 15.5%, respectively. The total phenol, total tannin, condensed tannin and hydrolysable tannin content were 5.89, 4.25, 0.42 and 0.05mg/g seed, respectively. In vitro gas production, organic matter digestibility and metabolisable energy content of S. cumini seed were 54 ml, 42.91% and 6.43 MJ/Kg DM, respectively. Addition of PEG to tannin containing seed was significantly (P<0.05) increased in vitro gas production, OMD and ME content. Higher levels of tannins in S. cumini seed could limit utilization through impaired digestibility and nutrient utilization but the addition of PEG increased all the fermentation parameters studied. It is predictable from the present findings that S. cumini seed could be utilized as natural source of feed additives to alter rumen fermentation parameters especially to protect protein and other nutrients from ruminal degradation, thereby make the nutrients available in the lower tract for higher milk and meat yield.Progress. Agric. 2014. 25: 31-37

A comparison of the voluntary intake and digestibility by beef cows of diets based on oat straw and supplemented with different forms of non-protein nitrogen

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fishwick ◽  
J. J. Parkins ◽  
R. G. Hemingway ◽  
N. S. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

ABSTRACTPregnant beef cows were given 2 kg barley per day and oat strawad libitum. The digestibility of the organic matter of the diet was approximately 53% when urea included in the barley was given in one or four feeds per day. Supplementation of the barley with di-ureido isobutane improved the organic matter digestibility to 56·7%. When a solution containing urea, phosphorus, calcium and sodium was included in the straw the digestibility of the diet was 59·0%. These improved digestibilities were not associated with any differences in the concentrations of ammonia in the rumen liquor or blood of the cows.

The effect of the frequency of ingestion of urea on voluntary feed intake, organic matter digestibility and nitrogen balance of sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Tudor ◽  
JG Morris
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Sorghum Grain

The effect of the frequency of ingestion of urea by wethers on the voluntary feed intake, organic matter digestibility, and nitrogen balance was determined. Two rations, one a pelleted mixture of sorghum stubble, sorghum grain, molasses, volatile fatty acids, and minerals (1.23 per cent N) and the other a cereal straw (0.44 per cent N) plus minerals, were used. All sheep, except a control group, received a total of 6 g of urea per day, as a drench, either in one dose of 6 g, two of 3 g, three of 2 g or two 6 g doses three hours apart on every second day. All sheep dosed with urea ate more feed than the control group. The increase was greater for those that received the straw than for those that received the pelleted ration. Feed intake increased with increasing frequency of urea administration. Urea also increased the organic matter digestibility of the cereal straw, and the nitrogen balance of sheep given this ration but did not affect digestibility or nitrogen balance in sheep fed the pelleted ration. Sheep fed cereal straw supplemented with urea lost significantly less weight than the unsupplemented sheep.

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