Effect of pruning and tree shape on the growth and fruiting potential of young peach trees

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tree Shape ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Peach Trees

Three pruning treatments were compared on both vase and central leader shaped peach trees. They were: 1. Annual pruning. 2. No pruning at the end of the first and second year in the orchard then pruned in succeeding years. 3. Trees pruned in all years except the third year after planting. Greater tree growth, earlier cropping and higher yields were recorded from treatment 2. When summed over pruning treatments the central-leader-shaped trees outyielded the vase-shaped tree; and the central leader- shape combined with treatment 2 produced as many big fruit (> 6.5 cm diameter) as the vase-shape combined with treatment 1 and more than the other four combinations. The results suggest that in southern Victoria dessert peach trees should be shaped as central leader and left unpruned in the first and second year.

Response of Young Unirrigated Clonal Tea to Nitrogen Fertilizer

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
N. E. A. Malenga
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Additional Nitrogen

SUMMARYThe response to nitrogen of four high yielding good quality clones of tea was investigated on fertile virgin soil. The yields of all the clones examined were maintained without additional nitrogen during the first two years after planting but Clone PC 81 responded to nitrogen in the second year after planting. This was the earliest recorded stage at which seedling or clonal tea had responded to nitrogen in Malawi. The other clones examined all responded to nitrogen in the third year after planting, and the yields of all the clones were substantially increased by the higher rates of nitrogen applied in the early years after planting, though the responses to nitrogen differed between seasons.

scholarly journals Shade Tree Growth and Nutritional Status as Influenced by Fabric Container and Trickle Fertigation

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Calvin Chong ◽  
Glen P. Lumis ◽  
Robert A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Five species of landscape shade trees, when grown in fabric containers, showed small but significant reductions in caliper and height compared to field-grown control trees after each of 3 growing seasons, 1988–1990. Reductions also were observed in certain leaf nutrients: N and Ca after the second year, and P and K after the third year. There were increased levels of leaf Mn (1989), Zn (1990), and starch (1989). Trees of all species receiving 5.7 L (1.5 U.S. gal) of water per day plus 200 ppm of supplementary N applied twice weekly had consistently larger caliper after each of the 3 growing seasons and tended to have higher leaf Mn content after the second year. There was inconsistent, little, or no difference in height, or in other leaf nutrients, due to fertigation treatments or to irrigation alone.

scholarly journals 189 BLOOM THINNING WITH ARMOTHIN®, AN AKZO SURFACTANT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 456b-456
Author(s):  
Dean R. Evert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Normal Variability

Armothin® thinned `Sentinel' fruit on peach trees (Prunus persica L.) in 1993. Thinning increased as Armothin® rate in the single spray increased from 1.5X, to 3.0% to 6.0% (v:v) and as the percentage of open blossoms increased from 30% to 61%. The 1.5 % rate of Armothin® thinned significantly only on the third date, and the 6.0% rate overthinned slightly on the third date. Minor discoloration developed on the expanding leaves of a few of trees but disappeared in a few days. No leaf abscission occurred on treated trees and tree growth was normal. Variability between trees treated alike probably reflects the variability in bloom when sprayed. According to Akzo, Armothin® prevents pollination by reacting with the surface of the receptive stigma. Spraying after full bloom should selectively prevent fertilization of the last blossoms to open without destroying the fertilized fruit. This possibility will be tested in 1994. Armothin®, which is a contact thinner, seems to avoid the problems associated with thinners that act as growth regulators and with nonselective caustic thinners. Because of its low phytotoxicity and wide range of effective rates, Armothin® has great potential as a chemical thinner.

scholarly journals CLONAL PROPAGATION CAPACITY OF TWO NEW APPLE ROOTSTOCKS BY STOOLING

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola T. ALHALABI ◽  
Bayan M. MUZHER
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scientific Agriculture ◽  
Second Year

This investigation was carried out at General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research – Pome and Grapevine Division in Sweida governorate (Syria), from 2013 to 2017, to evaluate the ability of two new local apple rootstocks (SukariAlswieda ‘S’and SkarjiAlswieda ‘H’) to vegetative propagation in stool bed. The results showed that the second year of propagation significantly produced the highest number of rooted shoots (liners) from each rootstock (7 liners and 5 liners in ‘S’ and ‘H’ respectively). ‘S’ and ‘H’ rootstocks revealed significant difference in average produced liners. However, the length and diameter of liners from ‘H’ rootstock did not show significant difference among studied years, they were in average 59.1 cm and 6.1 mm respectively.While as, the highest length and diameter of liners from ‘S’ were in the third year (82.3 cm and 7.6 mm respectively). On the other hand, the two studied rootstocks produced liners with good and stable root system which differed in structure between them, that ‘S’ rootstock revealed coarse (woody) roots, while in ‘H’ rootstock the roots were hairy. The number of roots was in average 17 roots and 12 roots in the liners of ‘S’ and ‘H’ respectively.As well as. the average length of liners roots were 23.4 cm and 22.2 cm in ‘S’ and ‘H’ respectively. Consequently, the clonal propagation for the studied rootstocks in stool bed is a sufficient tool to produce liners similar to the plant parent and they are ready to be budded with cultivars scions.

Reproduction in the Herpetofaunal Community of a Banksia Woodland Near Perth, W.a.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Davidge
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Very High

Twelve species of lizards (Agamidae, Scincidae, Pygopodidae) and three species of frogs (Leptodac- tylidae) comprise the herpetofaunal community of a Banksia woodland under a mediterranean-type climate in Western Australia. The reptiles bred in September-November and laid eggs in early summer. The requirement of surface water for tadpole development for two of the frog species restricted their breeding time to winter and necessitated their migration from the study area, where no water was avail- able. The third species of frog, Myobatrachus gouldii, lacks an aquatic stage. Its reproductive pattern coincided with neither that of the reptiles nor the other frogs. Collections of most species in the com- munity were not equally divided between sexes. For reptiles, this possibly was owing to differential trapping of the sexes. The very high frequency of capture of female frogs, other than those of M. gouldii, was probably related to differential dispersal of the sexes from breeding areas. The distribution of the percentage frequency of snout-vent lengths for six species of lizards suggests that individuals did not breed until their second year.

scholarly journals Growth and yielding of peach and nectarine trees after intensive regenerative pruning

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Bożena Radajewska ◽  
Michał Szklarz
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Pruning Method ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Tree Pruning

Abstract Studies were carried out in the years 2006-2008 in Przybroda near Poznań. The objects of the studies included seven-year-old peach trees of the cultivars ‘Harnaś’, ‘Reliance’, ‘Vinegold’ and ‘Early Blaze’ nectarine. The trees were strongly damaged by frost during the winter of 2005/2006. In May 2006, intensive regenerative tree pruning was carried out. Two treatments were applied: 1. The control with no pruning treatment, where only sanitary pruning was performed; 2. Trees were pruned at the height of 1.5 m and the shoots, which were developing below that height line, were left not pruned. The pruning treatment caused the development of an abundant number of longshoots, which are valuable for fruiting, in the central part of the crowns, with a diameter greater than 0.5 cm in comparison with the control trees. In the second year after pruning, spring ground frost destroyed the flowers and fruit buds and only single fruits were harvested. In the third year after pruning, the trees bloomed very abundantly and set fruits, therefore thinning was necessary. The yield was high and in most cases, it was equal independent of the tree pruning method, giving up to 18-19 kg per tree. Differences occurred only between the particular cultivars where the yield oscillated between 11 and 25 kg per tree. The best yielding was shown by ‘Vinegold’ (over 24 kg), then ‘Harnaś’ (21 kg), while the poorest yield was obtained from ‘Reliance’ (about 11 kg).

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

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