Comparison of winter cereal, oilseed and grain legume crops on the Darling Downs, Queensland

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Harbison ◽  
BD Hall ◽  
RGH Nielsen ◽  
WM Strong
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Cereal Grain

Performances of 18 winter cereal, grain legume and oilseed crops were compared on the Darling Downs in 1976 using cultural practices appropriate for each. All crops, except for faba bean, which had a lower population than desired, established satisfactorily. The season was characterised by twice the average number (55) of heavy frosts, although only safflower appeared to be adversely affected. Heavy rain around maturity caused lodging of the prostrate crops lathyrus and field pea, some pod shattering of most grain legumes, and delays in machine-harvest, due to waterlogging, of almost all crops. Barley and canary seed were affected by powdery mildew during August and early September but recovered after rain in mid-September. Later rainfall promoted the diseases Alternaria carthami in safflower and Puccinia sp. in vetch, reducing grain yields in both crops. Except for chickpea, all grain legumes nodulated effectively. Lathyrus produced more larger ( >3 mm diameter) nodules than any other grain legume while lentil and vetch had many small (<2 mm) nodules. At floral initiation, more herbage DM was produced by triticale and oats than all other crops except barley and fieldpea. The most productive grain legumes were fieldpea, lathyrus and lentil. All oilseeds produced similar quantities of herbage DM, which were greater than those for grain legumes but less than those for cereals. Nitrogen concentration in herbage increased in the order: cereals < oilseeds <grain legumes. Machine-harvested grain yields of cereals were generally higher than those of oilseeds or grain legumes but delayed harvest caused large grain losses for many oilseeds and grain legumes. Pod shattering and crop lodging caused large yield losses in rapeseed and field peas, respectively. Lupins (cv. Ultra) produced more harvestable grain (1.6 t/ha) than any other grain legume, rapeseed, safflower or canary seed. An even higher grain yield (3.9 t/ha) was measured at a nearby site on an acid soil. Of the other grain legumes, lentil and lathyrus appear to be poorly adapted for this region while faba bean and vetch appear moderately well suited.

Intercropping with pulses to concentrate nitrogen and sulphur in wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. GOODING ◽  
E. KASYANOVA ◽  
R. RUSKE ◽  
H. HAUGGAARD-NIELSEN ◽  
E. S. JENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Sulphur Concentration ◽  
Cereal Grain

SUMMARYThe effects of intercropping wheat with faba bean (Denmark, Germany, Italy and UK) and wheat with pea (France), in additive and replacement designs on grain nitrogen and sulphur concentrations were studied in field experiments in the 2002/03, 2003/04 and 2004/05 growing seasons. Intercropping wheat with grain legumes regularly increased the nitrogen concentration of the cereal grain, irrespective of design or location. Sulphur concentration of the cereal was also increased by intercropping, but less regularly and to a lesser extent compared with effects on nitrogen concentration. Nitrogen concentration (g/kg) in wheat additively intercropped with faba bean was increased by 8% across all sites (weighted for inverse of variance), but sulphur concentration was only increased by 4%, so N:S ratio was also increased by 4%. Intercropping wheat with grain legumes increased sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-sedimentation volume. The effect of intercropping on wheat nitrogen concentration was greatest when intercropping had the most deleterious effect on wheat yield and the least deleterious effect on pulse yield. Over all sites and seasons, and irrespective of whether the design was additive or replacement, increases in crude protein concentration in the wheat of 10 g/kg by intercropping with faba bean were associated with 25–30% yield reduction of the wheat, compared with sole-cropped wheat. It was concluded that the increase in protein concentration of wheat grain in intercrops could be of economic benefit when selling wheat for breadmaking, but only if the bean crop was also marketed effectively.

Comparison of interspecific competition and N use in pea–barley, faba bean–barley and lupin–barley intercrops grown at two temperate locations

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TRYDEMAN KNUDSEN ◽  
H. HAUGGAARD-NIELSEN ◽  
B. JØRNSGÅRD ◽  
E. STEEN JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Soil Site ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Loam Soil

Mixed intercropping of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor L.) or narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was compared with sole cropping in two field experiments at different locations, on a sandy loam soil and a sandy soil, in Denmark in 2001.Grain legumes were dominant in intercrops on the sandy loam soil, except for lupin, whereas barley was dominant in intercrops on the sandy soil site. Combined intercrop grain yields were comparable to grain yields of the respective sole cropped grain legume or sole cropped, fertilized barley on each soil site. On the sandy loam soil, pea–barley and faba bean–barley intercrops increased the proportion of plant N derived from N2 fixation in grain legumes and increased the barley grain N concentration (from 1·7 to 2·2 mg/g) compared with sole cropping. However, the later maturity of faba bean compared with barley caused problems at harvest. The grain N concentration of intercropped barley was increased where grain legumes were the dominant intercrops and not on the sandy soil site. Lupin-barley intercrops did not show intercropping advantages to the same degree as faba bean and pea, but lupin constituted a more stable yield proportion of the combined intercrop yield over locations.Furthermore, the study indicated that the natural 15N abundance at certain locations might not always be sufficient to ensure a reliable estimate of N2 fixation using the 15N natural abundance method.

Growth responses of cool-season grain legumes to transient waterlogging

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Solaiman ◽  
T. D. Colmer ◽  
S. P. Loss ◽  
B. D. Thomson ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Gas Volume

Transient waterlogging reduces the yield of cool-season grain legumes in several parts of the world. The tolerance of grain legumes to waterlogging may vary between and within species. This study investigated the effects of 7 days of waterlogging and subsequent recovery (10 days) on plant growth to evaluate the variation in tolerance among 7 cool-season grain legume species, in sand culture in glasshouse experiments. Additionally waterlogging tolerance of 6 faba bean genotypes was also evaluated. Tolerance to waterlogging as indicated by root and shoot growth (as % of drained controls) was ranked as follows: faba bean > yellow lupin > grass pea > narrow-leafed lupin > chickpea > lentil > field pea. Faba bean produced adventitious roots and aerenchyma leading to increased root porosity (9% gas volume per unit root volume). Among the 6 faba bean genotypes screened, accession 794 showed the best waterlogging tolerance, but it was also the slowest growing accession, which might have contributed to apparent tolerance (i.e. growth as % drained control). It is concluded that waterlogging tolerance in grain legumes varied between and within species, with faba bean being the most tolerant. The variation in tolerance identified within the limited set of faba bean genotypes evaluated suggests scope for further genetic improvement of tolerance in this species.

scholarly journals Maize-Legumes Rotation Effects on Growth and Yield of Maize in a Semi-Arid Agro-Ecology in Northern Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
R. A. L. Kanton ◽  
P. V. V. Prasad ◽  
E. Y. Ansoba ◽  
A. L. Alhassan ◽  
J. K. Bidzakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Continuous Maize

Low soil fertility is the most significant agricultural production constraint also mentioned by resource-poor Farmers participating in the Annual Review and Planning Sessions organized under the auspices of the Research, Extension and Farmer Linkage Committees across Ghana. It is in an attempt to find a very cost effective but yet cheaper and most sustainable solution that this work was undertaken. A six-year field trials were conducted at the Manga Agricultural Research Station near Bawku in the Upper East Region in northern Ghana to determine the most suitable grain legume rotation partners for maize relative to continuous cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) after maize, which is often practiced by cereal farmers under inherently poor soils conditions. The grain legumes evaluated were cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea), pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], mucuna (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC and green gram (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek. The trial was established in a randomized complete block with four replications. Growth, development, grain yield and its components and some derived variables were computed. Mean grain yield of maize in the first year, preceding rotation was 2055 Mt ha-1. All the grain legumes recorded significantly greater grain yields as compared to the farmers’ practice of continuous cultivation of maize. This is consistent with the very low Carbon and Nitrogen ratios recorded under the grain legumes as compared to the continuous maize treatment. Maize after pigeon pea, groundnuts and cowpea recorded consistently superior grain yields as compared to the other grain legumes and farmers’ practice. Mean grain yield increment recorded for one of the first cycle of rotation was as high as 62% over continuous cropping of maize. Similarly, mean grain yield increment of maize after pigeon pea, groundnut and cowpea over continuous maize was 42.5, 41.5 and 31.5% respectively, over the farmer practice. It was concluded that continuous crop rotation of grain legumes with maize resulted in higher maize grain yields as reflected in the superior economic returns on a sustainable basis than the current farmers’ practice of continuous cropping of maize after over the years. This obviously has important implications on food security at the farmer household level not only in northern Ghana but equally so in other countries with similar, agro-ecology zones in the African and Asian Continents.

A note on the words in the Baltic languages for some of the most ancient European grain legume crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Mikic
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThe words denoting the most ancient European grain legumes, such as ‘pea’, ‘lentil’ or ‘faba bean’, in both extinct and living Baltic languages confirm that these crops were cultivated among the ancestors of the modern Lithuanians and Latvians. The words denoting ‘pea’, such as Lithuanian žirnis and Latvian zirņi, are derived from the Proto-Baltic *žir̂n-ia- and the Proto-Indo-European *g'er[a]n-, denoting grain. The Proto-Indo-European root denoting ‘lentil’, *lent-, gave the Proto-Baltic *leñšia- and the modern Lithuanian lęšis and the Latvian lēca. The linguistic evidence confirms that the Old Balts transferred both grain legume crops and their names to their Finno-Ugric neighbours.

Grain yield and cadmium concentration of a range of grain legume species grown on two soil types at Merredin, Western Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
R. J. French
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Yellow Lupin

Five grain legumes species, narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.), were grown on 2 soil types, a red clay and red duplex soil, in the < 400 mm rainfall district of Western Australia. The study showed that chickpea, field pea and faba bean accumulated less cadmium (Cd) in dried shoots and grain than narrow-leafed lupin. Yellow lupin had Cd concentrations ~3 times higher in dried shoots and ~9 times higher in grain than narrow-leafed lupin. For both experiments, the ranking (lowest to highest) of mean Cd concentration (mg Cd/kg) in the grain was: chickpea (0.017) < field pea (0.024) = faba bean (0.024) < narrow-leafed lupin (0.033) < yellow lupin (0.300).

scholarly journals Pod Shattering in Grain Legumes: Emerging Genetic and Environment-Related Patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis A Parker ◽  
Sassoum Lo ◽  
Paul Gepts
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Dehiscence Zone ◽  
Main Components

Abstract A reduction in pod shattering is one of the main components of grain legume domestication. Despite this, many domesticated legumes suffer serious yield losses due to shattering, particularly under arid conditions. Mutations related to pod shattering modify the twisting force of pod walls or the structural strength of the dehiscence zone in pod sutures. At a molecular level, a growing body of evidence indicates that these changes are controlled by a relatively small number of key genes that have been selected in parallel across grain legume species, supporting partial molecular convergence. Legume homologues of Arabidopsis thaliana silique shattering genes play only minor roles in legume pod shattering. Most domesticated grain legume species contain multiple shattering-resistance genes, with mutants of each gene typically showing only partial shattering resistance. Hence, crosses between varieties with different genes lead to transgressive segregation of shattering alleles, producing plants with either enhanced shattering resistance or atavistic susceptibility to the trait. The frequency of these resistance pod-shattering alleles is often positively correlated with environmental aridity. The continued development of pod-shattering-related functional information will be vital for breeding crops that are suited to the increasingly arid conditions expected in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Agroinfiltration for transient gene expression and characterisation of fungal pathogen effectors in cool-season grain legume hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes W. Debler ◽  
Bernadette M. Henares ◽  
Robert C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Pathogen Effectors ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Abstract Key message Modified pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vectors were used for agroinfiltration in legumes. We demonstrate protein expression and export in pea, lentil, and faba bean; however, the method for chickpea was not successful. Abstract Agroinfiltration is a valuable research method for investigating virulence and avirulence effector proteins from pathogens and pests, where heterologous effector proteins are transiently expressed in plant leaves and hypersensitive necrosis responses and other effector functions can be assessed. Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used for agroinfiltration and the characterisation of broad-spectrum effectors. The method has also been used in other plant species including field pea, but not yet developed for chickpea, lentil, or faba bean. Here, we have modified the pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vector for expression of 6 × histidine-tagged green-fluorescent protein (GFP) and the known necrosis-inducing broad-spectrum effector necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide (Nep1)-like protein (NLP). Modified pEAQ-based vectors were adapted to encode signal peptide sequences for apoplast targeting of expressed proteins. We used confocal microscopy to assess the level of GFP expression in agroinfiltrated leaves. While at 3 days after infiltration in N. benthamiana, GFP was expressed at a relatively high level, expression in field pea and faba bean at the same time point was relatively low. In lentil, an expression level of GFP similar to field pea and faba bean at 3 days was only observed after 5 days. Chickpea leaf cells were transformed at low frequency and agroinfiltration was concluded to not be successful for chickpea. We concluded that the pEAQ vector is suitable for testing host-specific effectors in field pea, lentil, and faba bean, but low transformation efficiency limits the utility of the method for chickpea.

scholarly journals Feed legumes for truly sustainable crop-animal systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Annicchiarico
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Feed Protein

Legume cultivation has sharply decreased in Italy during the last 50 years. Lucerne remains widely grown (with about 12% of its area devoted to dehydration), whereas soybean is definitely the most-grown grain legume. Poor legume cropping is mainly due to the gap in yielding ability with major cereals, which has widened up in time according to statistical data. Lucerne displays definitely higher crude protein yield and somewhat lower economic gap with benchmark cereals than feed grain legumes. Pea because of high feed energy production per unit area and rate of genetic progress, and white lupin because of high protein yield per unit area, are particularly interesting for Italian rain-fed environments. Greater legume cultivation in Europe is urged by the need for reducing energy and green-house gas emissions and excessive and unbalanced global N flows through greater symbiotic N fixation and more integrated crop-animal production, as well as to cope with ongoing and perspective raising prices of feed proteins and N fertilisers and insecurity of feed protein supplies. The transition towards greater legume cultivation requires focused research effort, comprehensive stakeholder cooperation and fair economic compensation for legume environmental services, with a key role for genetic improvement dragged by public breeding or pre-breeding. New opportunities for yield improvement arise from the ongoing development of cost-efficient genome-enabled selection procedures, enhanced adaptation to specific cropping conditions via ecophysiological and evolutionary-based approaches, and more thorough exploitation of global genetic resources.

HAIRY ROOT TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM IN LARGE-SEEDED GRAIN LEGUMES

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Siefkes-Boer ◽  
M.J. Noonan ◽  
D.W. Bullock ◽  
A.J. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Root Size

Hairy roots were produced on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants by inoculation with Agrobacterium root-inducing strains. Examination of 14 plant genotypes and eight Agrobacterium strains in all possible combinations revealed specific strain/genotype interactions. Hairy root size and morphology differed substantially between faba bean and chickpea hairy roots. Sixty percent of chickpea hairy roots were 10–15 mm in length and forty percent, 15–25 mm. All were <1.0 mm in thickness. Sixty-three percent of faba bean hairy roots were 15–25 mm long and thirty-seven percent, 25–40 mm. All faba bean hairy roots were between 1.0 and 1.5 mm in thickness.

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