Studies on a pathogenicity assay for screening cotton germplasms for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum in the glasshouse

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wang ◽  
M. L. Dale ◽  
J. K. Kochman
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
Conidial Concentration ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Pathogenicity Assay

Summary. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, is a new and important disease of cotton in Australia. Some factors affecting either the infection process or the subsequent development of symptoms under glasshouse conditions were examined in this study. The pathogenicity of inocula was significantly affected by the media in which they were produced. The most severe symptoms developed in the plants inoculated with the inoculum produced in Komada-Ezuka liquid medium, in which glucose and L-asparagine were used as the carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. Symptoms were significantly more severe in plants inoculated with the inocula suspended in culture filtrates than in those inoculated with the inocula suspended in distilled water, indicating that fungal metabolites played an important role in the infection process. The disease was enhanced by high conidial concentration (>1.0 x 106 conidia/mL), slightly acidic inoculum (pH 4.0–5.5) and longer inoculation period (5–25 min). One-week-old seedlings were most susceptible, regardless of cultivar, and the resistance of plants increased with their age. The development of symptoms was enhanced at a moderate temperature range (18–23°C), but suppressed at a higher temperature range (28–33°C). Based on these results, an optimised procedure of pathogenicity assay is described.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Fungal Bioflocculants and Its Application in Water Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. David ◽  
O. A. Oluwole ◽  
O. E. Ayodele ◽  
T. Lasisi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Flocculating Activity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Optimum Production

Bioflocculants of microbial origin have the advantage of being safe, biodegradable and harmless to the environment. Production of bioflocculant by two fungi isolates and the factors affecting its production were investigated in this study. Primary screening of fungi for the production of bioflocculants, efficiencies and conditions for the optimum production of the bioflocculants were determined using standard microbiological and chemical methods. Aspergillus flavus MCB 271 and Aspergillus niger MCBF 08 were the best bioflocculant producers among the fourteen fungal isolates screened. Aspergillus flavus optimally produced bioflocculant with glucose and peptone as sole carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Calcium ions (Ca2+) at 78.4% served as best cation sources for bioflocculant production with optimal pH of 7 and temperature of 40°C. Aspergillus niger MCBF 08 produced bioflocculant optimally when the media had peptone as a nitrogen source and maltose as a sole carbon source. The two species achieved the maximum flocculating activity of            97% (A. flavus MCBF 271) and 86% (A. niger MCBF 08) at pH values of 7 on the 3rd day of the study and caused a reduction in bacterial load of the wastewater samples by 58.73% and 60.85% respectively. These bioflocculants are thus potential replacement for synthetic flocculants conventionally used for wastewater treatment.

The Interactions of Carbon and Nitrogen in Liquid Silicon

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Dalaker ◽  
Merete Tangstad
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Liquid Silicon ◽  
Interaction Parameters ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
High Purity Silicon

AbstractThe interactions between carbon and nitrogen in liquid silicon have been studied experimentally. High purity silicon was melted in silicon nitride crucibles under an Ar atmosphere with a graphite slab inserted in the crucible prior to melting as a carbon source. The system was thus simultaneously equilibrated with Si3N4 and SiC. Samples were extracted in the temperature range 1695–1798 K and analyzed using Leco.It was observed that the simultaneous saturation of nitrogen and carbon caused a significant increase in the solubilities of both elements. The interaction parameters were derived as The solubility of carbon in liquid silicon as a function of temperature and nitrogen content was found to follow: And the solubility of nitrogen in liquid silicon found to follow:

scholarly journals Ice nucleation activity identified in some phytopathogenic Fusarium species

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richard ◽  
J.-G. Martin ◽  
S. Pouleur
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity ◽  
Positive Controls

In order to know which species of Fusarium are ice nucleating and to determine the factors affecting their pathogenicity, ice nucleation activity (INA) was examined in Fusarium oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. tricinctum. Positive controls (lna+) used were F. acuminatum and F. avenaceum. The test for fungal INA was done with a simple and rapid tube nucleation assay. Twelve out of the 42 F. oxysporum isolates, and 8 out of 14 F. tricinctum isolates were lna+. No INA was detected in F sporotrichioides. In this test the threshold freezing temperature tended to increase with culture age, reaching a peak of -1°C in a few samples, which is as high as the warmest INA reported for bacteria, and higher than the INA detected in pure cultures of free-living fungi, lichen fungi, lichen algae and cyanobacteria. This is the first report of INA for F oxysporum.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of PIL/pNIPAAm hybrid hydrogels

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sylvia Pfensig ◽  
Daniela Arbeiter ◽  
Klaus-Peter Schmitz ◽  
Niels Grabow ◽  
Thomas Eickner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels ◽  
Higher Temperature

AbstractIn this study, varying amounts of NIPAAm and an ionic liquid (IL), namely 1-vinyl-3-isopropylimidazolium bromide ([ViPrIm]+[Br]−), have been used to synthesize hybrid hydrogels by radical emulsion polymerization. Amounts of 70/30%, 50/50%, 30/70%, 15/85% and 5/95% (wt/wt) of PIL/pNIPAAm were used to produce hybrid hydrogels as well as the parental hydrogels. The adhesive strength was investigated and evaluated for mechanical characterization. Thermal properties of resulting hydrogels have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in a default heating temperature range (heating rate 10 K min−1). The presence of poly ionic liquids (PIL) in the polymer matrix leads to a moved LCST (lower critical solution temperature) to a higher temperature range for certain hybrid hydrogels PIL/pNIPAAm. While pNIPAAm exhibits an LCST at 33.9 ± 0.3°C, PIL/pNIPAAm 5/95% and PIL/pNIPAAm 15/85% were found to have LCSTs at 37.6 ± 0.9°C and 52 ± 2°C, respectively. This could be used for controlled drug release that goes along with increasing body temperature in response to an implantation caused infection.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SODIUM SILICATE AND ITS SOLUTION ON THE PROPERTIES OF REFRACTORY COMPLEX BINDER/NATRIO SILIKATO KIEKIO IR JO TIRPALO TANKIO ĮTAKA KOMPLEKSINIO KAITRAI ATSPARAUS RIŠIKLIO SAVYBĖMS

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Valentin Antonovič ◽  
Stasys Goberis ◽  
Romualdas Mačiulaitis
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Liquid Glass ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Alumina Cement ◽  
Hardening Mechanism ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Calcium Hydrosilicates ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Complex Binder

In order to improve thermal and mechanical characteristics of a traditional binder with liquid glass a complex binder consisting of liquid glass, its hardener and alumina cement (“Gorkal 70” containing not less than 70 per cent of AI2O3) was tested. Sodium silicate and its solution effect on physical and mechanical properties of a new refractory complex binder (Table 1, Fig 2) were investigated. The results obtained show that compressive strength of binding compound with high quantity of sodium silicate (N3) is the lowest after it had been cured, dried and fired at 300–600°C (Fig 3). It was also found that the strength of a complex binder with small quantity of sodium silicate (N1) in the temperature range of 20–600°C is 2–3 times as high as that of a traditional binder with dispersed fire-clay. The study in the formation of the structure of a complex binders dilatometric tests have also been made. After initial heating at 80–500°C the compositions contracted (Fig 4) due to dehidratation. At the temperature range of 580–750°C the contraction of compositions continue due to reactions at the solid phase. The hypothesis of the hardening mechanism in the complex binder was proposed. Liquid glass tends to restrain the hydration of the alumina cement though hardeners and sodium silicate interaction result in the intense formation of sodium calcium hydrosilicates. Therefore, a complex binder contains less sodium silicate than a traditional one while being used at higher temperature.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERNIKAHAN DINI REMAJA PUTRI DI DESA SEMETEH MUARA LAKITAN KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reproductive Health Education ◽  
The Media ◽  
Married Students

Pernikahan dini adalah pernikahan yang dilakukan seorang wanita pada usia 13 – 16 tahun atau pria berusia 17 – 18 tahun (BKKBN,2016). Menurut Laporan Badan Pusat Statistik, 2015 menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi perkawinan usia anak di Indonesia tidak hanya tetap tinggi (dengan lebih dari seperenam anak perempuan menikah sebelum mencapai usia dewasa (usia 18 tahun) atau sekitar 340.000 anak perempuan setiap tahunnya) tetapi prevalensi tersebut juga telah kembali meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui gambaran faktor – Faktor yang mempengaruhi Pernikahan dini Remaja Putri di Desa Semeteh Kecamatan Muara Lakitan Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif di Wilayah Desa Semeteh Muara Lakitan Kabupaten Musi Rawas.dengan jumlah responden 5 orang dari jumlah sampel 11 orang. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa pernikahan dini dilakukan oleh mereka yang berpendidikan SD atau SLTP, dan berpengetahuan cukup. Pernikahan dini dianggap sesuatu hal yang lazim dan menurunkan tanggung jawab ekonomi orang tua. Selain itu media punya andil terjadinya pernikahan dini. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi pasangan remaja calon pengantin, mahasiswa dan institusi profesi kebidanan khususnya dalam memberikan pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi remaja terkait dengan masalah pernikahan dini.     ABSTRACK   Early marriage is a marriage made by a woman at the age of 13-16 years or a man aged 17-18 years (BKKBN, 2016). According to the Central Bureau of Statistics Report, 2015 shows that the prevalence of marriage in Indonesian age is not only high (with more than one-sixth married girls before reaching adulthood (age 18) or about 340,000 girls annually) but the prevalence has also returned increased. The purpose of this study is to know the description of factors - Factors affecting early marriage of Young Women in the Semeteh Village Muara Lakitan Musi Rawas District. This study was conducted qualitatively in Semeteh Village, Muara Lakitan, Musi Rawas District with 5 people as the respondents of the 11 samples. The results of the study indicated that the early marriage was conducted by people who had educated in elementary or junior high schools, and had  sufficient knowledge. Early marriage was considered as a usual something and could  decrease economic responsibility of their parents. In addition, the media had contributed to the incidence of early marriages. This study is expected to be useful for couples of young people who will get to be married, students and midwifery profession institutions  particularly in providing reproductive health education for the adolescences in accordance with the early marriage.  

FACTORS AFFECTING THE COLD SURVIVAL OF WINTER CEREALS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Thawing And Freezing Cycles

Several parameters affecting cold tolerance of winter cereals in artificial freeze tests were examined. Supercooling followed by freezing resulted in death occurring at a higher temperature than when freezing was initiated just below 0 C. The cold tolerance of fully acclimated crowns of winter wheat and a winter rye were reduced an average of 5 C after two thawing and freezing cycles. The duration of freezing in artificial freeze tests has a significant effect on the LD50 of winter cereals. Rapid thawing (2–4 C/min) resulted in death occurring at a higher temperature than slow thawing (0.5–2 C/h).

Correcting for Selection Bias in Social Movement Research

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hug ◽  
Dominique Wisler
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cross National

Longitudinal and cross-national research on new social movements often relies on newspaper reports for data on the frequency and type of events. Reporting by newspapers is, however, known to be strongly affected by selection bias. Newspapers report events that they find "newsworthy." Surprisingly, the effect of these selection biases on data analyses has received scant attention, and the methodology to correct for these biases hardly has been discussed. Based on data covering events in four cities in Switzerland we propose two types of corrections for the selection bias. The first is based on a simple weighting scheme for events reported in local newspapers. These weights are likely to provide useful corrections even in other contexts. The second correction attempts to model explicitly the selection bias of the media. This truncated regression approach is shown to be a useful strategy when the selectivity by the newspapers is severe, and the factors affecting this selection are largely known.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document