Effect of copper application on take-all severity and grain yield of wheat in field experiments near Esperance, Western Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Take All

The effect of copper (Cu) fertiliser on the incidence and severity of take-all of wheat was examined in 5 field experiments on soils naturally infested with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown in soils at 5 levels of Cu fertiliser, ranging from nil to luxury levels of Cu (i.e. 5.0 kg Cuba) for wheat growth and grain yield. One soil was adequately supplied in Cu for wheat growth and yield. Copper-deficient wheat plants were more susceptible (P<0.05) to take-all than those plants with an adequate supply of Cu. The addition of Cu fertiliser beyond that required for maximum plant growth and grain yield had no effect (P<0.05) on the incidence and severity of take-all of wheat.

Effect of copper deficiency in wheat on the infection of roots by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Wood ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Wheat was grown in a soil at five levels of copper (ranging from levels deficient, to those luxurious, for plant growth), in the presence or absence of introduced take-all inoculum (oat kernels colonized by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritica). The incidence and severity of take-all were related to the copper supply and hence the copper status of the wheat. Plants grown without applied copper were more severely infected by take-all than were those grown with an adequate or luxurious supply of copper. The number of lesions per gram fresh weight of roots was reduced from 6.5 to 2.4 by increasing the copper supply from that severely deficient, to that adequate for plant growth. In seminal roots, increasing the copper supply from levels severely deficient to those adequate or luxurious for plant growth, decreased the length of proximal lesions (those closest to the seed). By contrast, in nodal roots, a similar increase in copper supply had no effect on the length of proximal lesions, but increased the length of uninfected root between the crown and proximal lesions. In both seminal and nodal roots, copper supply did not affect the intensity of lesions.

Effect of Herbicides on Take-All Disease (Gaeumannomyces graminis) in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-481
Author(s):  
Ray M. Geddens ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby ◽  
Robert L. Powelson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Take All

Experiments were conducted in each of two seasons to determine possible effects of diclofop, difenzoquat, dinoseb, and mecoprop on the incidence of take-all disease and grain yield of winter wheat. All of the herbicides, especially mecoprop, reduced incidence of take-all. Treatments increased grain yields the first year but not the second, compared to the inoculated weed-free control. None of the herbicides tested increased incidence or severity of take-all disease in either of the two seasons. The technique of inoculating disease-free soil was successful in obtaining uniform and reproducible incidence of disease.

The Effect of Salicylic Acid on Resistance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Seedling Roots Against the Take-All Fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Seah ◽  
K Sivasithamparam ◽  
DW Turner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedling Roots ◽  
Take All

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) applied as foliar dip, foliar wipe, root drench or pre-germination soak on the susceptibility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings to Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & Olivier var. tritici Walker (take-all fungus, Ggt) was studied. It was hypothesised that an increase in SA concentration applied using these methods would increase the resistance in wheat seedling roots against Ggt. Leaves (by foliar wipe and foliar dip) and roots (by root drench) of 1-2-week-old wheat seedlings grown in Lancelin sand, were treated with 0, 0.1 or 1 mM SA, and treatments of 0, 0.1 or 0.5 mM SA were applied in a pre-germination soak method. Ggt infection reduced (P Ͱ4 0.05) chlorophyll content and concentration and root length (P Ͱ4 0.10). Experiments that were conducted suggested that the SA treatments failed to induce a resistance response because they did not stimulate phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities in the wheat seedling roots. Therefore, SA applied using these methods was not effective in reducing the susceptibility of wheat seedlings to Ggt. The chemical or biological induction of resistance in plant roots and its applicability as a root disease control strategy requires further clarification.

Effects of fungicides, applied in autumn, and a growth regulator, applied in spring, on the growth and yield of winter barley grown on contrasting soil types

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Jenkyn ◽  
R. J. Gutteridge ◽  
A. D. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Take All

SUMMARYExperiments in 1985 and 1986, at Woburn Experimental Farm in Bedfordshire, tested the effects of fungicides, applied in autumn, and a growth regulator, applied at GS3O–31 or GS32–33 in spring, on winter barley grown on two contrasting soil types in each year. Leaf diseases did not become severe in any of the experiments but take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) was prevalent in 1985. Triadimenol (‘Baytan’) was more effective than flutriafol (‘Ferrax’) in decreasing the severity of takeall and its activity against the disease was related to earliness of sowing.Mean responses in grain yield to the fungicide treatments were mostly small and not significant but did not conflict with the hypothesis that crops on lighter soils benefit more from autumn fungicides than those on heavier soils. Mean effects of the growth regulator sprays were also small but they interacted with both soil type and season. Over the 2 years the later spray applied to crops on the heavier soil gave the largest mean response. Sprays applied to crops on lighter soils were often detrimental to yield, especially in 1985.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential Soil Bacteria for Sustainable Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Sheirdil ◽  
Rifat Hayat ◽  
Xiao-Xia Zhang ◽  
Nadeem Abbasi ◽  
Safdar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are capable to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers input cost of farmer. Keeping in view the study was designed to investigate and evaluate inoculation effect of indigenous rhizospheric bacteria on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under in vitro and in vivo conditions using different treatments. Ten potential strains were selected on the basis of their ACC deaminase activity, siderophore production, P-solubilization and production of indole acetic acid (IAA). Further these strains were tested in three different experiments (growth chamber, pot and field). We found significant increase in crop growth response to the inoculants in comparison with un-inoculated control. In pot and field trial we tested PGPR with recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers. The results of present study revealed that inoculation of bacterial strains with wheat seeds significantly increased plant growth and improved crop yield. Results of present study reveal that these strains could be employed in different combinations and can get higher yield in case of half recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers along with consortium of strains in comparison with sole application of recommended dose of fertilizer and with consortium of strains. These strains were further identified by 16Sr RNA gene sequencing, fatty acid profile and biolog. It can be concluded that inoculated bacteria have more potential and contributes in good crop quality, increased yield when they are applied in combination, thus have potential to minimize use of chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Residual impact of wellgrow formulation and npk on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
VS Meena ◽  
BR Maurya ◽  
RS Meena
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Matter Production

Effect of concentrate organic manure (wellgrow grain and wellgrow soil) and NPK improved the growth and yield of wheat. Significant improvement in terms of growth parameters like plant height, tillers, dry matter production and productive tillers with application of 120 : 60 : 60 NPK + 300 kg wellgrow soil/ha and at par with application of 120 : 60 : 60 NPK + 300 kg wellgrow grain/ha, treatment receiving 100% NPK + 300 kg wellgrow soil/ha resulted maximum grain yield (4545 kg /ha). Treatment of 100% NPK + 300 kg wellgrow grain/ha maintained higher straw yield (5715 kg/ha) and test weight (44.10 g) due to application of 100 % NPK along with 200 kg wellgrow soil/ha whereas it was at par with application of 75 and 100% NPK with both levels of wellgrow formulation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22738 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 143-146, 2015 (March)

Phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 1. Effects of phosphorus supply on plant symptoms, yield, components of yield, and plant phosphorus uptake

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Elliott ◽  
D. J. Reuter ◽  
G. D. Reddy ◽  
R. J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
P Deficiency

The effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on plant symptoms, yield, and components of yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Halberd), P uptake, and the distribution of dry weight within plants of variable P status were examined in 2 glasshouse and 5 field experiments. Apart from stunted growth and depressed tillering, the symptoms of acute P deficiency, most noticeable on older leaf blades, were equivocal; they were not always observed on acutely deficient plants and were absent on moderately deficient plants. In glasshouse experiments, the leaves of acutely deficient plants were spindly, erect, and dark green, whereas in field experiments, the leaves were pale green. In acutely P-stressed plants, leaf senescence, phasic development, and anthesis were delayed. The disorder restricted tiller development and therefore the rate of appearance and the number of leaves per plant. It depressed grain yield principally by reducing the number of fertile tillers. Severe P deficiency depressed shoot growth within 15 days of sowing and ultimately reduced plant height, root mass, and grain yield. In all experiments, shoot yield responses to applied P increased progressively until stem elongation (Zadoks Scale 30) and changed little thereafter. As a result, the external requirement for P (i.e. P level required for 90% maximum growth) increased with time during vegetative development in most experiments. Severe P deficiency also affected the distribution of dry matter between the roots and shoots and between the leaf blades and conducting tissues (sheaths and stems). Both of these responses intensified with advancing plant age. Treatment differences in P uptake in shoots also occurred early in growth and persisted until grain maturity. The partitioning of P between roots and shoots favoured P uptake or retention in the roots of P-deficient plants. Under conditions of acute and moderate P stress, the resources of the wheat plant appear to be directed towards maintaining root growth (at least initially), limiting and delaying shoot proliferation, and maximising the leaf : stem ratio. These regulations appear circumstantially to be adaptive mechanisms for conserving suffiient P to ensure the survival of at least 1 weak, but fertile, tiller on each plant.

EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON SEEDLING GROWTH, HEAD DEFORMATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

In field experiments at Charlottetown, P.E.I., five herbicides evaluated at two rates of application on eight spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars showed no effect on dry plant weight 20 days after treatment. Herbicide treatment with dicamba resulted in a greater number of deformed heads per plot compared with the untreated in 1980 and with all herbicides except diclofop-methyl in 1981. More deformed heads occurred with dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture at the higher rate of application in 1981 than with the other herbicides and the lower rate of application. All cultivars had more deformed heads than the untreated control when treated with 2,4-D, dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture in 1981. Neepawa and Dundas had more deformed heads than the other cultivars when treated with MCPA. Head deformation by herbicide treatment had no adverse effect on grain yield in this study.Key words: Spring wheat cultivars, herbicides, head deformation, 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, diclofop-methyl

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TILLERING, SPIKE NUMBER AND GRAIN YIELD IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN ONTARIO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BULMAN ◽  
L. A. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Spike Number

Two field experiments were conducted to examine the relationships between tillering, spike number and grain yield in three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Treatments were designed to manipulate both the production and survival of tillers, and to provide a high number of spikes per unit area. One experiment involved growth regulator treatments with cycocel and gibberellic acid while the second involved various rates of nitrogen. Grain yield was linearly related to total spike number over a range of 400–1200 spikes m−2 in a combined analysis over locations and years. When only spikes with at least nine fertile spikelets were included, a greater amount of the variability in yield could be explained, and differences among cultivars were related to the number of small, unproductive spikes. When locations and years were analyzed separately, little evidence was found for a diminishing response between grain yield and total spike number. Spike number was related to maximum tiller number in 1982, when winterkill and early spring conditions were unfavorable. Thus, although good fall tillering and winter survival contribute most to producing high spike numbers and grain yield, cultivars must also have the ability both to tiller rapidly in the spring and to sustain high-yielding tillers to provide sufficient compensation following winterkill.Key words: tillering, spikes, yield, wheat, nitrogen, regulators

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