Comparison of a modified cryptorchid treatment and castration: effect on growth, wool production, posthitis, testosterone production and development of masculine characteristics

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
RB Jackson ◽  
AHK Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Testicular Size ◽  
Wool Quality ◽  
Horn Development

Male lambs born to Merino, Polwarth and Merino x Polwarth ewes were used to study a technique for manipulating testicular size. Of these lambs, 82 were castrated at marking (wethers). For the remaining 100 the testicular parenchyma was removed at marking and then, at a subsequent date, the scrotal sac and any large testicles were removed (modified cryptorchids). Cryptorchids were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than wethers throughout the study and produced significantly (P<0.05) heavier fleeces (4.3 � 0.08 v. 4.0 � 0.06 kg). Bin class, as an indicator of wool quality, was not significantly different between the 2 groups. At all times of the year, cryptorchids had a significantly lower prevalence (P<0.001) and severity of posthitis. Posthitis increased in spring and decreased in summer. There was significantly (P<0.001) more horn development in the cryptorchids, and Merino-sired animals had more horn development than those sired by Polwarth rams. The basal level of testosterone in the wethers was 0.08 � 0.07 ng/mL averaged over 3 successive blood samples, compared to the cryptorchids at 0.95 � 0.16 ng/mL with an asymmetric distribution. The rank correlation between average testosterone levels and testicle score was significant (P<0.05) with a coefficient of 0.54. The rank correlations between testosterone levels and fleeceweight, liveweight or horn score were not significant (P>0.05).

scholarly journals Probiotic Microbes Sustain Youthful Serum Testosterone Levels and Testicular Size in Aging Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e84877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theofilos Poutahidis ◽  
Alex Springer ◽  
Tatiana Levkovich ◽  
Peimin Qi ◽  
Bernard J. Varian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Testicular Size ◽  
Probiotic Microbes

The effect of androgen deprivation therapy on CD4/CD8 T cells in HIV-negative patients receiving definitive 3D radiation treatment for their prostate carcinoma: Final report of a prospective study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11056-11056
Author(s):  
M. A. Elshaikh ◽  
Z. Abdel Hafeez ◽  
M. Lu ◽  
D. Ibrahim ◽  
T. El Masry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Negative

11056 Background: CD4 and CD8 T cells play critical roles in human immunity. The aim of this prospective study is to explore the correlation of the absolute CD4/CD8 T cell counts and total testosterone in patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with goserelin acetate and definitive radiation treatment (RT) for their prostate cancer. Methods: Thirty-four HIV-negative patients were included in this study between June 2006 and January 2007. All patients had a baseline total testosterone level (T), PSA, CD4 and CD8 T cell counts. CD4/8 T cells count was measured using flow cytometry. All patients received 6 months of ADT prior to (baseline) and during RT to the prostate. Subsequent blood samples were taken at 2, 8, 12 and 24 months. Blood samples were taken between 8–10 am to control for diurnal variations in CD4/CD8 T cell counts and T levels. To study the correlation of T with CD4/8 T cell changes, the Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated. The study was approved by the appropriate Ethics Committee. Results: Median age for the study patients was 68 years. At baseline, median testosterone level was 350 ng/dL, median CD4 T cell count was 1055 mm3, and median CD8 T cell count was 644 mm3. None of the patients received anti-androgens. At two months, testosterone was at the castrate and subnormal levels in 85% and 100% of the patients, respectively. The lower testosterone levels resulted in significant reduction of CD4 and CD8 T cell counts at 2, 8, 12 and 24 months compared to baseline counts. This effect was more pronounced for CD4 T cells at all time points (p=<0.02). At 24 months, when total testosterone levels were increasing, CD4 and CD8 T cell counts were also following these upward trends. The seen correlation between lower testosterone and decline in CD4 and CD8 T cells was only statistically significant in older patients (>65 years) and was not associated with significant decline in total white blood cell counts. Conclusions: CD4/CD8 T cell counts are sensitive to changes in total testosterone levels. Lower testosterone levels negatively affecting CD4/CD8 T cells counts at all study time points. Since CD4/CD8 T cells play major roles in cellular immunity, further studies are warranted No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Effects of defaunation of the rumen and supplementation with amino acids on the wool production of housed Saxon Merinos. 1. Lupins and extruded lupins

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Cottle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Lower Resistance ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Wool Quality

Six groups, each comprising 10 superfine Merino wethers ('Sharlea'), were individually penned indoors and hand-fed oats and wheat straw, either alone or with 10% (w/w) crushed lupins or extruded lupins. The rations were fed at maintenance level and were offered 3 times a week. Half of the sheep were defaunated by drenching with Alkanate 3SL3. Wool growth rates and wool quality were measured during a 5-month trial period. Defaunation resulted in a 6.5% increase in clean wool production, with a 3% higher sulfur content. The quality of the wool grown was unaffected by defaunation. Inclusion of lupins or extruded lupins in the ration resulted in a 10% increase in clean wool growth. Wool quality was largely unaffected, though a lower resistance to compression was apparent. It was concluded that a reasonable diet for 'Sharlea' production was 500g oats, 50g wheat straw, 50g lupins, 10.5g vitamin, mineral mix per sheep per day. This diet may be further improved by additional ingredients and defaunation of the sheep.

SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN BLOOD LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN RAMS

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. KATONGOLE ◽  
F. NAFTOLIN ◽  
R. V. SHORT
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Lh Secretion

SUMMARY Three adult Suffolk rams were bled at weekly intervals for 14 months, and at hourly intervals for 24 h during the summer (one ram) and autumn (two rams). Luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured by radioimmunoassay, and testosterone by a competitive protein binding assay. There were episodic bursts of LH secretion during the 24 h period in both the summer and the autumn; the frequency of discharge was lower in the summer, but the amplitude (0·1–8·0 ng/ml) did not appear to change. It was not always possible to detect seasonal changes in LH concentration in single blood samples taken once a week throughout the year. The blood testosterone levels also showed marked fluctuations throughout the 24 h, and the frequency of the peaks was lower in the summer. But in contrast to LH, the magnitude of the testosterone peaks also changed throughout the year; from January to September the testosterone concentration ranged from 0·5 to 10 ng/ml plasma, whereas from October to December it ranged from 3 to 28 ng/ml. Thus in temperate regions the ram, like the ewe, shows seasonal changes in gonadal endocrine activity, although some degree of spermatogenesis continues throughout the whole year.

scholarly journals Validation of Microcapillary Flow Cytometry for Community-Based CD4+ T Lymphocyte Enumeration in Remote Burkina Faso

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cybèle A Renault ◽  
Arouna Traore ◽  
Rhoderick N Machekano ◽  
Dennis M Israelski
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

BackgroundCD4+ T lymphocyte enumeration plays a critical role in the initiation and monitoring of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. There is an urgent need for low-cost CD4+ enumeration technologies, particularly for use in dry, dusty climates characteristic of many small cities in Sub-Saharan AfricaDesignCross-sectional studyMethodsBlood samples from 98 HIV-infected patients followed in a community HIV clinic in Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso were obtained for routine CD4+ T lymphocyte count monitoring. The blood samples were divided into two aliquots, on which parallel CD4+ measurements were performed using microcapillary (Guava EasyCD4) and dedicated (Becton Dickinson FACSCount) CD4+ enumeration systems. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated, and the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for EasyCD4 <200 cells/µL were determined compared to the reference standard FACSCount CD4 <200 cells/µLResultsMean CD4 counts for the EasyCD4 and FACSCount were 313.75 cells/µL and 303.47 cells/µL, respectively. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.92 (p<0.001). Median values using EasyCD4 were higher than those with the FACSCount (p=0.004). For a CD4<350 cells/uL, sensitivity of the EasyCD4 was 93.9% (95%CI 85.2-98.3%), specificity was 90.6% (95% CI 75.0-98.0%), and PPV was 95.4% (95%CI 87.1-99.0%)ConclusionUse of the EasyCD4 system was feasible and highly accurate in the harsh conditions of this remote city in Sub-Saharan Africa, demonstrating acceptable sensitivity and specificity compared to a standard operating system. Microcapillary flow cytometry offers a cost-effective alternative for community-based, point-of-care CD4+ testing and could play a substantial role in scaling up HIV care in remote, resource-limited settings

Effect of Occupational Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration and Noise on Sex Hormone Levels: A Case Study in an Automobile Parts Manufacturing Plant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Mohammadi ◽  
Farideh Golbabaei ◽  
Somayeh Farhang Dehghan ◽  
Soheila Khodakarim Ardakani ◽  
Hossein Imani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Parts Manufacturing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The present study investigated the effects of exposure to noise and whole body vibration (WBV) on the levels of sex hormones in an automobile parts manufacturing plant.Methods: The level of workers' exposure (n=162) to each of the mentioned stressors, was measured through standard methods and for each person the time-weighted average (TWA) of exposure was calculated. In order to determine serum sex hormones (free testosterone, LH and FSH), blood samples were taken from all participants after 8-10 hours of fasting between 7-9 am and then the blood samples were analyzed by ELISA method. Results: In general, regarding testosterone as the main male sex hormone, only 49% of the participants were in the normal range. In total of three sections, the lowest mean testosterone levels was observed in the third exposure group (WBV>1.93 m/s2; noise >92.69 dB) of the studied stressor, however, only the difference in testosterone levels between the three different groups of exposure to noise was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The relationship between demographic variables and levels of noise and WBV exposure with sex hormones was not linear and only the relationship between noise exposure and testosterone levels was statistically significant (R = -0.201, P = 0.013). Conclusion: According to the results of Logistic Regression, the WBV had the greatest effect on testosterone levels as the main male hormone. However, according to the results of the correlation test, only the relationship between noise exposure and testosterone levels is statistically significant.

scholarly journals Determination of Testosterone Production Rates in Men and Women Using Stable Isotope/Dilution and Mass Spectrometry*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1496
Author(s):  
H. Vierhapper ◽  
P. Nowotny ◽  
W. Waldhäusl
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Abstract Production rates of testosterone were determined in healthy men and women during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle using the stable isotope dilution technique and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In an initial series of experiments, 0.07 mg/h (men) or 0.01 mg/h (women) 1,2-d-testosterone was infused for 36 h. After an equilibration period of 12 h, blood samples were obtained at 20-min intervals throughout 24 h. In men, no diurnal rhythmicity of testosterone production was observed, whereas in women, testosterone production rates were largest from 0400–1200 h. In a second series of experiments, the infused dose of 1,2-d-testosterone was reduced to 0.015 mg/h (men) and 0.0001 mg/h (women), respectively. Blood samples were obtained at 20-min intervals during the last 12 h (0800–2000 h) of the observation period. In accordance with results obtained by others using radioactive tracers, estimated production rates were 147 ± 31μ g/h (3.7 ± 2.2 mg/day in men) and 1.8 ± 0.6 μg/h (0.4 ± 0.1 mg/day in women). To reduce both the duration of the experiment and the number of samples to be processed, we subsequently demonstrated that similar production rates may be obtained when the equilibration period before blood sampling is reduced to 6 h and the period of blood sampling is reduced to 4 h. This protocol is suitable for clinical use in a routine setting to obtain analytically correct estimates of testosterone production in vivo.

PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN INTACT AND HEMICASTRATED GROWING COCKERELS

1979 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. M. DRIOT ◽  
M. DE REVIERS ◽  
J. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Testicular Hypertrophy

Changes in the levels of testosterone in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples taken at frequent intervals between 2 and 26 weeks of age from entire cockerels and cockerels hemicastrated before 2 weeks of age. In both groups the pattern of testosterone secretion could be divided into three clearly defined phases. In young birds, the levels of testosterone in plasma were low (0·3 ng/ml) but in the prepubertal period, at 11 weeks of age, they started to rise and continued to rise until 22 weeks of age when adult levels, which fluctuated between 2·5 and 3·5 ng/ml, were reached. In the immediate period after hemicastration, the concentration of testosterone decreased temporarily. From 11 weeks of age the levels of testosterone in the hemicastrated birds were approximately 75% of those in intact birds. These results are discussed in relation to the compensatory testicular hypertrophy which occurs in growing cockerels hemicastrated at an early age.

Growth and wool production of wethers and induced cryptorchids in a Poll Merino flock

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Egan ◽  
DW Russell
Keyword(s):  
Lower Yield ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Weight Index ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Wool Quality ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
The One

Ram lambs in a Poll Merino flock were either castrated or made cryptorchid at about four weeks of age and then run together in the one flock until 31/2 years old, The induced cryptorchids were heavier than their wether flockmates at each shearing (P < 0.001), the relative superiority increasing with age, from 5.2% at weaner shearing to 16.7% at 6-tooth shearing. Greasy fleece weights were heavier in the cryptorchids at the 4- and 6-tooth shearings only, by 5.3% (P < 0.05) and 1 1.3% (P < 0.01 ), respectively. No differences in visual wool quality were observed between the two groups, and the only difference detected by measurement of midside samples was a lower clean scoured yield percentage in cryptorchid fleeces at 6-tooth shearing (69.9% compared with 74.9% for wethers : P < 0.001 ). This lower yield resulted in similar estimated clean fleece weights at the 6-tooth shearing, but cryptorchids cut more clean wool at 4-tooth (P < 0.05). Clean fleece weight per unit liveweight was significantly higheri (P < 0.05) in the wethers than in the cryptorchids, by 8.7% at the 4-tooth and 11.8% at the 6-tooth shearing. Fleece weight index, a measure of the efficiency of wool production, was similar for both groups at these last two shearings. The possible value of induced cryptorchids as an alternative to wethers for wool production is discussed in the light of these results.

scholarly journals The decline of serum testosterone levels in community-dwelling men over 70 years of age: descriptive data and predictors of longitudinal changes

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lapauw ◽  
S Goemaere ◽  
H Zmierczak ◽  
I Van Pottelbergh ◽  
A Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Testosterone Production ◽  
Healthy Elderly

ObjectiveThis study was designed to assess longitudinal changes in serum testosterone levels, explore relationships with aging, genetic-, health-, and lifestyle-related factors, and investigate predictors of changes in healthy elderly men.DesignPopulation-based, longitudinal, 4-year observational study in 221 community-dwelling men aged 71–86 years at baseline.MethodsHormone levels assessed by immunoassay, anthropometry, questionnaires on general health, and genetic polymorphisms. Predictors of changes in testosterone levels explored using linear mixed-effects modeling for longitudinal analyses.ResultsTotal testosterone (TT), free testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone (BioT) levels decreased with aging, decreases in BioT being most marked. No changes in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or estradiol (E2), while LH and FSH levels increased during follow-up. Subjects who gained weight displayed a greater decline in TT levels, mainly due to decreasing SHBG levels. However, baseline body composition was not predictive of subsequent changes in testosterone levels. Baseline E2 (P=0.023 to 0.004), LH (P=0.046 to 0.005), and FSH (P<0.002) levels were independently positively associated with a faster decline in testosterone fractions, although only FSH remained significant when adjusting for baseline testosterone (P=0.041–0.035). Carriers of a ‘TA’ haplotype of the estrogen receptor α gene (ERα) PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms displayed a slower decline of TT and BioT (P=0.041–0.007).ConclusionsIn elderly men with already low serum testosterone levels, a further decline was observed, independent of baseline age. The identification of FSH levels as a predictor of this decline appears to reflect the testicular mechanisms of aging-related changes in testosterone production, whereas associations with E2 and ERα polymorphisms are suggestive of estrogen-related processes, possibly related to changes in the neuroendocrine regulation of testosterone production.

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