Combined transgenic expression of Δ12-desaturase and Δ12-epoxygenase in high linoleic acid seeds leads to increased accumulation of vernolic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Rong Zhou ◽  
Surinder Singh ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Allan Green
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vernolic Acid ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Unusual Fatty Acids ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Acid Substrate

The transgenic production of unusual fatty acids in oil seed crops offers an alternative, renewable resource for industry. However, transgenic expression of genes catalysing the synthesis of unusual fatty acids has generally resulted in these fatty acids accumulating at levels significantly below the levels in the wild species from which the genes were sourced. This study reports expression of additional copies of any of three Δ12-desaturase genes (FAD2) from Crepis palaestina Bornm., cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with C. palaestina Δ12-epoxygenase gene (Cpal2), in an Arabidopsis mutant having a significantly higher level of linoleic acid substrate. This resulted in the highest levels of vernolic acid accumulation, 21% of total fatty acids, reported so far in any transgenic plant expressing the Δ12-epoxygenase. Similarly, the co-expression of C. palaestina Cpal2 and a transgenic copy of FAD2 in cotton seed that contains large amounts of linoleic acid substrate also resulted in greater accumulation of vernolic acid in seed than did expression of C. palaestina Cpal2 alone.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM LIPIDS IN HYPER- AND HYPOTHYROIDISM

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Kirkeby
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosatrienoic Acid ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Absolute Concentrations

ABSTRACT The fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and triglycerides of the serum has been studied in groups of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid women and also in control material matched for age. In hyperthyroidism, a decrease in the proportions of linoleic acid and an increase in the proportions of some saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were observed. When absolute concentrations were considered, it appeared that the decrease in linoleic acid was almost equivalent to the entire decrease in total fatty acids in the serum of the hyperthyroid patients. In hypothyroidism no changes were noted in the proportions of linoleic, saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and the absolute concentrations reflected the general increase in serum lipids. It is believed that these findings may be explained by the changes in lipid turnover which are known to occur in disturbances of thyroid function. In hyperthyroidism, they lead to a linoleic acid deficiency, while a sparing effect must be operating in hypothyroidism. The finding of relatively high linoleic acid values combined with hyperlipaemia in hypothyroidism seems to be characteristic of the condition, since other types of hyperlipaemia are almost invariably combined with low percentages of linoleic acid. Results regarding arachidonic and eicosatrienoic acid are consistent with increased synthesis in hyperthyroidism, and decreased synthesis in hypothyroidism.

Combining Ability of Ontario-Grown Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Oil, Fatty Acids, and Taxonomic Characters1,2

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Sykes ◽  
T. E. Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Oil Concentration

Abstract Undesirably low oleic acid and high linoleic acid concentrations in seed oil are typical of Valencia peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) produced in a cool, short-season climate. Improved oil quality may be achieved by incorporating Virginia type germplasm into adapted Valencia peanuts. The objectives of this study were to determine the oil quality of nine Valencia and four Virginia peanut lines, evaluate their combining ability for oil concentration, fatty acid composition of the oil, and several taxonomic characters, and assess the potential for developing cultivars adapted to Ontario with improved oil quality. General combining ability (GCA) of the Virginia parents significantly exceeded specific combining ability (SCA) for all fatty acids except arachidic, and also for oleic/linoleic (O/L) ratio, days to first flowering, days to full flowering, and branching pattern (R/R + V ratio). GCA of the Valencia parents significantly exceeded SCA only for oil concentration. Significant SCA estimates were found for oil concentration, palmitic and oleic acids, O/L ratio, and height of the main axis (first date). Significant heterosis was detected for all taxonomic characters except days to first flowering. Genetic variability for all characters except arachidic acid indicates that the development of Ontario cultivars with improved oil quality, in terms of higher oil content and reduced linoleic acid levels, appears feasible through breeding efforts.

A high linoleic acid diet diminishes enhanced intestinal uptake of sugars in diabetic rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. G262-G271 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Thomson ◽  
M. Keelan ◽  
M. T. Clandinin ◽  
K. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Intestinal Uptake ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Villous Surface ◽  
Linoleic Acid Diet ◽  
Mucosal Surface Area

Intestinal absorption is altered in rats by diabetes and by dietary manipulation. For 5 wk rats were fed chow (C) or semisynthetic diets containing isocaloric amounts of a high content of either polyunsaturated (P) or saturated (S) fatty acids; then half were rendered hyperglycemic with streptozotocin while the remaining half served as nondiabetic controls. Studies were performed after a total of 8 wk on C, P, or S. Jejunal villous surface area was greater in diabetic rats than in control rats fed C or S, whereas the jejunal mucosal surface area was significantly greater in diabetic animals than in control animals only when they were fed S. Ileal mucosal surface area was similar in diabetic and in control rats fed C, S, or P; although ileal villous surface area was greater in diabetic than in control rats only when they were fed C. The jejunal and ileal uptake of varying concentrations of glucose and galactose was higher in diabetic rats than controls fed C or S. In contrast, the enhanced uptake of these sugars was reduced or normalized in diabetic rats fed P. The jejunal brush-border membrane (BBM) content of phospholipids was higher in diabetic than in control rats fed chow, but there was no difference in diabetic vs. control animals fed P or S in BBM total free fatty acids, phospholipids, or cholesterol. Thus feeding a high linoleic acid diet diminishes the enhanced intestinal uptake of glucose and galactose in diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Combined transgenic expression of Punica granatum conjugase (FADX) and FAD2 desaturase in high linoleic acid Arabidopsis thaliana mutant leads to increased accumulation of punicic acid

Planta ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 240 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Mietkiewska ◽  
Robin Miles ◽  
Aruna Wickramarathna ◽  
Ariff Firman Sahibollah ◽  
Michael S. Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Punicic Acid ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Transgenic Expression

scholarly journals Variation in fatty acid content and composition among Iranian fennel landraces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keivan Bahmani ◽  
Ali Izady- Darbandi ◽  
Azam Akbari ◽  
Ryan Warner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Early Maturing

One of the factors determining drug quality in bitter fennel is the types and quantities of fatty acids stored in the seeds. We measured the fatty acid content of 50 Iranian fennel landraces. Fatty acid concentration of the 50 fennel landraces ranged from 9.5 to 23% of seed mass, and the highest amounts of fatty acid content among the early maturing races belonged to Hamedan and Arak (19.5 and 18.5%, respectively), among the medium maturing races to Marvdasht, Kohn and Meshkin Shahr (23, 20.5 and 19%, respectively), and among the late-maturing races to Sari (21%). The highest fatty acid yields belonged to Fasa (65.3 ml/m2) among the early maturing races, Meshkin Shahr and Moqhan (92.5 and 85.4 ml/m2) among the medium maturing races, and Sari (71.4 ml/m2) among the late-maturing races. The main compositions of fatty acids, measured in twelve of the landraces, were oleic acid (52-64%), linoleic acid (26-39%), palmitic acid (0.3-4.1%), stearic acid (1.3-2.4%), linolenic acid (0.6-3.6%) and myristic acid (0.35-1.07%). It was observed that landraces with high oleic acid content originated from regions with a dry and warm climate, while landraces with high linoleic acid content originated from regions with a humid and cool climate. Understanding relationships between the fatty acid profile and landrace origin climate may improve the efficiency of identifying landraces with specific fennel chemotypes. In conclusion, these results indicate that some of these fennel landraces have the potential to be complementary sources of certain fatty acids, such as oleic and linoleic acids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of green microalgae isolated from central and north coast of Sao Paulo as source of oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-019
Author(s):  
Marcelo Chuei Matsudo ◽  
Célia Leite Sant´Anna ◽  
Lina Susana Pérez-Mora ◽  
Roberta Claro da Silva ◽  
João Carlos Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
North Coast ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
High Linoleic Acid

Microalgae strains, newly isolated from freshwater in mangrove areas of Central and North Coasts of Sao Paulo State (Brazil), were evaluated regarding total protein and lipid content, and fatty acids profile. The biochemical composition was compared with that observed in strains obtained by UTEX Culture Collection (USA). Among seven identified green algae, Monoraphidium contortum (CCMA-UFSCar-701) presented the highest lipid content (43.60%), close to that observed in Botryococcus braunii (UTEX-2441; 48.85%). Protein content in isolated strains varied in the range of 13.90~23.60%. Finally, the most abundant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and y-linolenic acid (C18:3).Chlorella vulgaris (CCMA- UFSCar-704) may be highlighted for its high linoleic acid content (49%). On the other hand, Elakatothrix sp (CCMA- UFSCar-702) and Scenedesmus obliquus (UTEX-B2630) presented the highest content of oleic acid (41% and 43%, respectively), which is preferable for oils to be used as feedstock for biodiesel.

The molecular basis of the high linoleic acid content in Petunia seed oil: analysis of a seed-specific linoleic acid mutant

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Verwoert ◽  
Y. Meller-Harel ◽  
K. van der Linden ◽  
B. Verbree ◽  
R. Koes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
High Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

From a random transposon mutagenesis experiment, using Petunia line W138, a seed-specific linoleic acid mutant was isolated. The tagged gene was cloned and identified as a microsomal Δ12 desaturase. Expression of the gene, however, was constitutive and not, as might have been expected, seed-specific. Moreover, self-fertilized homozygous mutants still contain 40% 18:2 in the seed lipid fraction. This suggests that at least two (seedspecific) Δ12 desaturase genes are responsible for the high linoleic acid content in Petunia seed oil. Five members of the microsomal Δ12 desaturase gene family have been identified and isolated. Data are presented on the molecular characterization and tissue-specific expression of these genes, which suggest that, in Petunia the flux through the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways of lipid synthesis might be different from the situation found in Arabidopsis.

The involvement of phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases in triacylglycerol production

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Banaś ◽  
A. Dahlqvist ◽  
U. Ståhl ◽  
M. Lenman ◽  
S. Stymne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Vernolic Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Unusual Fatty Acids

We have characterized three CoA-independent types of enzyme, phospholipases, phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDATs) and cholinephosphotransferases, responsible for the removal of unusual fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine (PC) in microsomal preparations from developing oil seeds. The metabolism of sn-2-[14C]acyl-PC was monitored in microsomal preparations from various oilseeds having either medium-chain, acetylenic, epoxy or hydroxy fatty acids as their major fatty acids in the oil. The results indicate that PDAT plays a major role in removing ricinoleic acid and vernolic acid from phospholipids in Ricinus communis and Crepis palaestina seeds, respectively. However, vernolic, crepenynic and capric acids are primarily removed from phospholipids by phospholipases in Euphorbia lagascae, Crepis rubra and elm seeds, respectively. Further, we show that significant PDAT activity is also present in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Lipid Profile of Pig Tissues Contrasting in Meat Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly A. Bekenev ◽  
Anatoly A. Arishin ◽  
Sergei N. Mager ◽  
Izolda V. Bolshakova ◽  
Natalia L. Tretyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

Background: Studies were carried out on two breeds of pigs - Pietrain (P), and Kemerovo (K), contrasting in composition of carcasses, and their hybrids. Objective: The purpose of this work was to establish the characteristics of the composition of lipids of intramuscular fat (IMF), back fat and serum, organoleptic qualities in animals of these breeds. Methods: Animals of 10 individuals in each group were fed on a standard feed and slaughtered with a live weight of 95-100 kg. The quality of carcasses, the biochemical characteristics of blood, the composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in meat and fat, and blood lipid peroxidation were determined. Results: Thickness on the back fat (BF) at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae with a live weight of 100 kg was 35.8 ± 1.65 mm in pigs of breed K, in hybrids - 27.6 ± 1.06, and in breed P - 19, 6 ± 1.43 mm. IMF in pigs of breed K was almost 4.5 times greater than that of breed P. IMF K breed contained 2 times less cholesterol than in P (2.34 vs. 4.68%). In the IMF, K was 2 times less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), than P, 7.82 and 15.22%, linoleic acid, 6.74% and 12.42% respectively (p <0.005).The organoleptic properties of meat and salted back fat were significantly higher in breed K (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The data obtained allow us to establish priorities in the use of products of specific breeds of pigs, depending on medical requirements.

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