Recent Developments in the Downstream Processing of Phycobiliproteins from Algae: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayekpam Chandralekha Devi ◽  
G. K. Hamsavi ◽  
Simran Sahota ◽  
Rochak Mittal ◽  
Hrishikesh A. Tavanandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Macro Algae

Abstract: Algae (both micro and macro) have gained huge attention in the recent past for their high commercial value products. They are the source of various biomolecules of commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. Phycobiliproteins are one such high value low volume compounds which are mainly obtained from micro and macro algae. In order to tap the bioresource, a significant amount of work has been carried out for large scale production of algal biomass. However, work on downstream processing aspects of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from algae is scarce, especially in case of macroalgae. There are several difficulties in cell wall disruption of both micro and macro algae because of their cell wall structure and compositions. At the same time, there are several challenges in the purification of phycobiliproteins. The current review article focuses on the recent developments in downstream processing of phycobiliproteins (mainly phycocyanins and phycoerythrins) from micro and macroalgae. The current status, the recent advancements and potential technologies (that are under development) are summarised in this review article besides providing future directions for the present research area.

scholarly journals Nanomedicine for Gene Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cen Yan ◽  
Xiao-Jiang Quan ◽  
Ying-Mei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Target Molecules

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most severe ischemic heart disease and directly leads to heart failure till death. Target molecules have been identified in the event of MI including increasing angiogenesis, promoting cardiomyocyte survival, improving heart function and restraining inflammation and myocyte activation and subsequent fibrosis. All of which are substantial in cardiomyocyte protection and preservation of cardiac function. Methodology: To modulate target molecule expression, virus and non-virus-mediated gene transfer have been investigated. Despite successful in animal models of MI, virus-mediated gene transfer is hampered by poor targeting efficiency, low packaging capacity for large DNA sequences, immunogenicity induced by virus and random integration into the human genome. Discussion: Nanoparticles could be synthesized and equipped on purpose for large-scale production. They are relatively small in size and do not incorporate into the genome. They could carry DNA and drug within the same transfer. All of these properties make them an alternative strategy for gene transfer. In the review, we first introduce the pathological progression of MI. After concise discussion on the current status of virus-mediated gene therapy in treating MI, we overview the history and development of nanoparticle-based gene delivery system. We point out the limitations and future perspective in the field of nanoparticle vehicle. Conclusion: Ultimately, we hope that this review could help to better understand how far we are with nanoparticle-facilitated gene transfer strategy and what obstacles we need to solve for utilization of nanomedicine in the treatment of MI.

Atomic Layer Deposition of Dielectrics on Ge and III–V Materials for Ultrahigh Performance Transistors

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Wallace ◽  
Paul C. McIntyre ◽  
Jiyoung Kim ◽  
Yoshio Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gate Dielectrics ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Transistor Channel ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Field Effect Devices

AbstractThe prospect of utilizing alternative transistor channel materials for ultrahigh performance transistors will require suitable gate dielectrics for surface-channel field-effect devices. With the utilization of deposited gate dielectrics in large-scale production for Si-based integrated circuits by atomic layer deposition, extending this technology to channel materials that exhibit high bulk mobility behavior is of interest. A review of the current status for atomic layer deposited high-κ dielectrics on Ge and III–V channel materials is presented.

Die gemeinsame Wurzel der Lyse von Escherichia coli durch Penicillin oder durch Phagen

1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Weidel ◽  
J. Primosigh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Entire Cell

One of the two layers of the E. coli B cell wall is shown to possess the chemical composition typical of a gram-positive microorganism. It is this layer which lends support and strength to the entire cell wall structure, its rigidity depending up on the incorporation of building blocks made up from alanine, glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, muramic acid and glucosamine.Phage enzyme is an agent capable of removing these stabilizing units from the „gram-positive “ layer, thereby causing it to collapse. Penicillin appears to prevent the biosynthetic incorporation of the same stabilizing units into growing cell walls, thus producing eventually the effect of cell wall disruption in a basically similar way.The rather manifold aspects of these findings are discussed at some length.

Phloem fibres as motors of gravitropic behaviour of flax plants: level of transcriptome

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gorshkov ◽  
Natalia Mokshina ◽  
Nadezda Ibragimova ◽  
Marina Ageeva ◽  
Natalia Gogoleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Genes Encoding

Restoration of stem vertical position after plant inclination is a widely spread version of plant orientation in accordance with gravity vector direction. Gravitropic behaviour of flax plants involves the formation of curvature in stem region that has ceased elongation long in advance of stem inclination. The important participants of such behaviour are phloem fibres with constitutively formed tertiary cell wall (G-layer). We performed the large-scale transcriptome profiling of phloem fibres isolated from pulling and opposite sides of gravitropic curvature and compared with control plant fibres. Significant changes in transcript abundance take place for genes encoding proteins of several ion channels, transcription factors and other regulating elements. The largest number of upregulated genes belonged to the cell wall category; many of those were specifically upregulated in fibres of pulling stem side. The obtained data permit to suggest the mechanism of fibre participation in gravitropic reaction that involves the increase of turgor pressure and the rearrangements of cell wall structure in order to improve contractile properties, and to identify the regulatory elements that operate specifically in the fibres of the pulling stem side making gelatinous phloem fibres an important element of gravitropic response in herbaceous plants.

scholarly journals Investigation of cell wall proteins of C. sinensis leaves by combining cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Linlong Ma ◽  
Dan Cao ◽  
Ziming Gong ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Wall Formation

Abstract Background C. sinensis is an important economic crop with fluoride over-accumulation in its leaves, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its leaf consumption as tea. Recently, our study has indicated that cell wall proteins (CWPs) probably play a vital role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. However, there has been a lack in CWP identification and characterization up to now. This study is aimed to characterize cell wall proteome of C. sinensis leaves and to develop more CWPs related to stress response. A strategy of combined cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics was employed to investigate CWPs. CWPs were extracted by sequential salt buffers, while N-glycoproteins were enriched by hydrophilic interaction chromatography method using C. sinensis leaves as a material. Afterwards all the proteins were subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Results A total of 501 CWPs and 195 CWPs were identified respectively by cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics profiling with 118 CWPs in common. Notably, N-glycoproteomics is a feasible method for CWP identification, and it can enhance CWP coverage. Among identified CWPs, proteins acting on cell wall polysaccharides constitute the largest functional class, most of which might be involved in cell wall structure remodeling. The second largest functional class mainly encompass various proteases related to CWP turnover and maturation. Oxidoreductases represent the third largest functional class, most of which (especially Class III peroxidases) participate in defense response. As expected, identified CWPs are mainly related to plant cell wall formation and defense response. Conclusion This was the first large-scale investigation of CWPs in C. sinensis through cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics. Our results not only provide a database for further research on CWPs, but also an insight into cell wall formation and defense response in C. sinensis.

scholarly journals Biosurfactants – Nature's Solution for Today's Cleaning Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 752-756
Author(s):  
Jakob J. Mueller ◽  
Hans H. Wenk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Recent Developments

Biosurfactants are surface-active molecules, developed by nature through evolution and naturally produced by different microorganisms. The most prominent examples are rhamnolipids and sophorolipids, molecules which contain hydrophilic sugar head groups and hydrophobic alkyl residues leading to an amphiphilic behavior with unique properties. Recent developments in the field of biotechnology enable the large-scale production of these biological molecules. The raw material basis is 100% renewable since sugars and oils are used as major raw materials. Additionally, biosurfactants are fully biodegradable, which allows the path back into the natural cycles. In comparison to established standard surfactants like SLES/SLS (sodium laureth (ether) sulfates) or betaines, rhamnolipids are much milder and, at the same time, show similar or even better performance in household or personal care applications. Foam behavior, solubilization and cleaning effectiveness are examples where these natural substances give excellent results compared to the synthetic benchmarks. The commercialization of biosurfactants at industrial scale now offers alternatives to consumers seeking sustainable solutions, without compromising performance. Biosurfactants combine both and set a new standard for surfactant applications.

scholarly journals Mycobacterial Cell Wall: A Source of Successful Targets for Old and New Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Vilchèze
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mycobacterial Cell ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mycobacterial Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Components

Eighty years after the introduction of the first antituberculosis (TB) drug, the treatment of drug-susceptible TB remains very cumbersome, requiring the use of four drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide) for two months followed by four months on isoniazid and rifampicin. Two of the drugs used in this “short”-course, six-month chemotherapy, isoniazid and ethambutol, target the mycobacterial cell wall. Disruption of the cell wall structure can enhance the entry of other TB drugs, resulting in a more potent chemotherapy. More importantly, inhibition of cell wall components can lead to mycobacterial cell death. The complexity of the mycobacterial cell wall offers numerous opportunities to develop drugs to eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. In the past 20 years, researchers from industrial and academic laboratories have tested new molecules to find the best candidates that will change the face of TB treatment: drugs that will shorten TB treatment and be efficacious against active and latent, as well as drug-resistant TB. Two of these new TB drugs block components of the mycobacterial cell wall and have reached phase 3 clinical trial. This article reviews TB drugs targeting the mycobacterial cell wall in use clinically and those in clinical development.

Large scale production and downstream processing of a recombinant porcine parvovirus vaccine

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maranga L. ◽  
Rueda P. ◽  
Antonis A. ◽  
Vela C. ◽  
Langeveld J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production

Carbon Cones - a Structure with Unique Properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Helgesen ◽  
Kenneth D. Knudsen ◽  
Jean Patrick Pinheiro ◽  
Arne T. Skjeltorp ◽  
Eldrid Svåsand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Plasma Process ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Nanocarbon Materials ◽  
Forms Of Carbon

ABSTRACTLarge-scale production of perfect conical carbon nanostructures that are fundamentally different from the other nanocarbon materials, such as buckyballs and nanotubes, can be made using the so-called Kvaerner Carbon Black & Hydrogen Process. This involves pyrolysis of hydrocarbons using a torch plasma process. The carbon cones that occur appear in five distinctly different forms. In addition, disk-shaped particles may be produced. Here we report about the current status for the experimental research and theoretical modeling of these particles, which have properties different from the other known forms of carbon.

Cell wall features with regard to mechanical performance. A review COST Action E35 2004–2008: Wood machining – micromechanics and fracture

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Salmén ◽  
Ingo Burgert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Wood Machining

Abstract The mechanical performance of wood and wood products is highly dependent on the structural arrangement and properties of the polymers within the fibre cell wall. To improve utilisation and manufacture of wood materials, there is an increasing need for a more detailed knowledge regarding structure/property relations at the micro- or nanostructural level. In this article, recent developments regarding our understanding of the wood cell wall structure and its mechanical performance are summarised. The new results are interpreted in relation to property performances of wood fibres and wood tissues. Suggestions are made for future requirements for research in this field.

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