The effect of the elicitors on the steviol glycosides biosynthesis pathway in Stevia rebaudiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hourieh Tavakoli ◽  
Nasibeh Tavakoli ◽  
Foad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Kaurenoic Acid

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni has been promoted for having sweet leaves as well as pharmaceutical and industrial properties. The sweet taste of Stevia leaves is due to the presence of steviol glycosides (a group of diterpene glycosides) found in a small number of plants. In the biosynthetic pathway of steviol glycosides (SGs), 15 enzymes that express the genes are associated with these enzymes under the influence of the elicitors. Due to the individuality of the stevia and few studies on the biosynthesis pathway of SGs, this paper attempted to investigate the effects of some of the elicitors, including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), auxins (Aux), cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs) and its inhibitors including paclobutrazol (BPZ) and chloroquate (CCC)), on the responsible genes for the biosynthesis of SGs. Some of these elicitors, including MeJA, SA and GA have great potential in increasing secondary metabolites. Moreover, the biosynthetic pathway of GAs and SGs are shared till ent-kaurenoic acid (ent-KA) biosynthesis, which raises the question of whether this hormone and its inhibitors are effective in the SGs biosynthesis.

A comprehensive analysis of fifteen genes of steviol glycosides biosynthesis pathway in Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)

Gene ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 492 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Kumar ◽  
Kiran Kaul ◽  
Suphla Bajpai-Gupta ◽  
Vijay Kumar Kaul ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

scholarly journals Application of in vitro stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) cultures in obtaining steviol glycoside rich material

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Luwańska ◽  
Aleksandra Perz ◽  
Grażyna Mańkowska ◽  
Karolina Wielgus
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Rich Material

Summary Stevia is a plant attracting attention due to its capability to synthesize a group of chemical compounds with sweet taste, i.e. steviol glycosides. Steviol glycosides are successfully applied as a natural sweetener, and some of them have also therapeutic properties. This paper presents available information on the use of stevia plant tissue cultures with the focus on their potential application in food industry. Detailed analysis was done concerning the research employing in vitro culture techniques and the use of them in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of high importance for the food industry. Both established achievements and most recent publications on stevia were used for assessment of practical applications of the aforementioned techniques and prospects for their development.

scholarly journals Salt Stress Mitigation via the Foliar Application of Chitosan-Functionalized Selenium and Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4090
Author(s):  
Morteza Sheikhalipour ◽  
Behrooz Esmaielpour ◽  
Gholamreza Gohari ◽  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Hessam Jafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

High salt levels are one of the significant and major limiting factors on crop yield and productivity. Out of the available attempts made against high salt levels, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely employed and considered as effective strategies in this regard. Of these NPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and selenium functionalized using chitosan nanoparticles (Cs–Se NPs) were applied for a quite number of plants, but their potential roles for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on stevia remains unclear. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the reputed medicinal plants due to their diterpenoid steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A). For this reason, the current study was designed to investigate the potential of TiO2 NPs (0, 100 and 200 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (0, 10 and 20 mg L−1) to alleviate salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in stevia. The findings of the study revealed that salinity decreased the growth and photosynthetic traits but resulted in substantial cell damage through increasing H2O2 and MDA content, as well as electrolyte leakage (EL). However, the application of TiO2 NPs (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1) increased the growth, photosynthetic performance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the contents of H2O2, MDA and EL under the saline conditions. In addition to the enhanced growth and physiological performance of the plant, the essential oil content was also increased with the treatments of TiO2 (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1). In addition, the tested NPs treatments increased the concentration of stevioside (in the non-saline condition and under salinity stress) and rebaudioside A (under the salinity conditions) in stevia plants. Overall, the current findings suggest that especially 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs and 20 mg L−1 Cs–Se could be considered as promising agents in combating high levels of salinity in the case of stevia.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of the Basic Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Dried Leaves, Grown in Poland, Paraguay and Brazil—Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3634
Author(s):  
Teresa Leszczyńska ◽  
Barbara Piekło ◽  
Aneta Kopeć ◽  
Benno F. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

This study compares the content of basic nutrients (proteins, fats, digestible carbohydrates, dietary fiber and ash), steviol glycosides, selected antioxidants (vitamin C, total polyphenols) and antioxidant activity in dried leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cultivated in Poland, Paraguay and Brazil and available in the direct sale. The basic chemical composition was determined by standard AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) methods. Content of steviol glycosides was determined by the UHPLC-UV chromatographic method. Total polyphenols content was expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and catechins equivalent (CE). Antioxidant activity was measured as ABTS●+ free radical scavenging activity. Dried leaves of S. rebaudiana grown in Poland had significantly higher contents of dietary fiber, and lower protein and ash content, compared to those derived from Paraguay and Brazil. The former had, however, considerably higher contents of total steviol glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside D, compared to the remaining two plants. In the Paraguay-derived dried leaves, the content of rebaudioside A, C, E and rubusoside was found to be significantly lower. Dried leaves of S. rebaudiana Bertoni, cultivated in Poland, contained substantially more vitamin C and a similar content of total polyphenols, compared to those from Brazil and Paraguay. The examined material from Brazil and Paraguay plantations showed similar antioxidant activity, while that obtained from Polish cultivation was characterized by a significantly lower value of this parameter.

Effect of the application of elicitors on the amount of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Cristina Vazquez-Hernandez ◽  
Aurora Alvarado-Mariana ◽  
Humberto Aguirre-Becerra ◽  
Genaro Martin Soto-Zarazua ◽  
Ana Angelica Feregrino-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

scholarly journals Comparison between Two Solid-Liquid Extraction Methods for the Recovery of Steviol Glycosides from Dried Stevia Leaves Applying a Numerical Approach

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Gallo ◽  
Andrea Formato ◽  
Gaetano Formato ◽  
Daniele Naviglio
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Solid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub belonging to the Asteraceae family. The leaves contain a mixture of steviol glycosides with extraordinary sweetening properties, among which the most important are stevioside and rebaudioside A. These components have a high sweetening power, which is about 300 times that of sucrose, and a negligible calorie content. However, their extraction and purification are not easy. In this paper, the extraction technique under cyclic pressure, known as rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE), was compared using a Naviglio extractor (NE) with conventional maceration. The aim was to identify an efficient and economically viable method for obtaining high amounts of steviol glycosides in a short time. Furthermore, a numerical model was set up for the solid-liquid extraction process of value-added compounds from natural sources. Several parameters must be evaluated in relation to the characteristics of the parts of the plant subjected to extraction. Therefore, since diffusion and osmosis are highly dependent on temperature, it is necessary to control the temperature of the extraction system. On the other hand, the final aim of this work was to provide a scientific and quantitative basis for RSLDE. Therefore, the results obtained from stevia extracts using the corresponding mathematical model allowed hypothesizing the application of this model to the extraction processes of other vegetable matrices.

scholarly journals Directional bioconversion and optimization of stevioside into rubusoside by Lelliottia sp. LST-1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Huang ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Jiaqi Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Biological Transformation

Steviol glycosides, mostly extracted from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, are non-caloric, safe natural sweeteners. Steviosides make up more than 50% of total steviol glycosides but possess a bitter aftertaste, which limits their application as food additives. Trace amounts of rubusosides are acceptable sweeteners, but their supply is limited. In this study, we screened an endophytic bacteria (Lelliottia LST-1) that can specifically convert stevioside into rubusoside and reach a conversion rate of 75.4% after response surface optimization. Potential β-glucosidases GH3-1, GH3-2, GH3-3, and GH3-4 based on whole genome sequencing were expressed and interacted with steviol glycosides to explore principle and process of biological transformation. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that all enzymes hydrolyzed stevioside and generated rubusoside, but substrate specificity analysis indicated that GH3-2 is the most suitable choice for the durative, steady, and high-efficiency production of rubusoside

scholarly journals Nitrogen drives plant growth to the detriment of leaf sugar and steviol glycosides metabolisms in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 240-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuming Sun ◽  
Menglan Hou ◽  
Luis A.J. Mur ◽  
Yongheng Yang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

scholarly journals Stevia Metabolites in Biosamples Ranging from Fetal Life to Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1126-1126
Author(s):  
Brianna Halasa ◽  
Peter Walter ◽  
Hongyi Cai ◽  
Mayte Gonzales ◽  
Mary Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

Abstract Objectives Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a perennial herb native to South America. Its sweetness (∼200–400 times sweeter than sucrose) results from steviol glycosides, particularly stevioside and rebaudioside A. Steviol glycosides are hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract resulting in steviol, which is incompletely absorbed in the colon. In the liver, steviol is converted into its glucuronide derivative and renally excreted. While the use of stevia leaves and crude extracts is still prohibited in the US, steviol glycosides have been ‘generally recognized as safe’ (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2008. We aimed to determine whether steviol glycosides and glucuronidation products can be found in biosamples collected as early as 2004. Methods In 38 adults, steviol glycosides and glucuronide were analyzed in plasma and in corresponding cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF); additional 2 persons had only CSF tested. Prenatal exposure was determined in biosamples from 28 individuals (13 amniotic fluid, 15 cord blood). We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) utilizing a Thermo Scientific Vanquish UPLC and a Thermo Scientific Altis triple quadruple mass spectrometer with heated electrospray ionization (HESI-II, Thermo Scientific) in negative ion mode (2500 V). Results Seven of 38 adults (18%) had detectable steviol glucuronide concentrations (5 in plasma only, 2 in both plasma and CSF). Maximal concentrations in plasma were 805.4 ng/mL and in CSF 3.3 ng/mL. Two of 13 amniotic fluid samples were positive for steviol glucuronide (max. conc. 93.5 ng/mL) and 1 of 15 cord blood samples contained a trace. In contrast to steviol glucuronide, steviol glycoside could not be measured. Conclusions Steviol glucuronide was found in all types of biosamples (plasma, CSF, amniotic fluid and cord blood), most commonly in plasma (18%). This indicates that exposure to steviol metabolites starts in prenatal life and that these metabolites cross various barriers (e.g., blood-CSF, blood-amniotic fluid). Only samples obtained in and after 2008 were positive for steviol glucuronide, which coincides with the FDA approval. Potential health consequences of exposure to stevia metabolites require further study. Funding Sources N/A.

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