The effect of ramp slope and surface type on the climbing success of shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) elvers

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip G. Jellyman ◽  
Joshua T. Bauld ◽  
Shannan K. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Fish Passage ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Anguilla Australis ◽  
Climbing Ability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Freshwater Eels ◽  
Shortfin Eel

Instream structures such as dams, weirs and culverts reduce diadromous fish (e.g. freshwater eels) biodiversity and abundance by restricting upstream migrations. Fish passes are used to facilitate fish passage around instream structures, but limited information is available about design aspects that influence the ability of fish to negotiate the structures. We used experimental ramps to evaluate the effects of surface type and slope on the climbing success of shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) elvers (total length <155mm). Climbing success was examined for three surface types (smooth plastic, sand and gravel, Miradrain) at slopes of 30, 50 and 70°. Elver climbing ability differed among substrates, with the highest success observed on the Miradrain surface (a moulded plastic drainage product). Climbing success decreased with increasing ramp slope. The mean length of elvers successfully negotiating the ramps was longer than that of elvers that failed to climb because only larger elvers could climb the Miradrain surface as ramp slope increased. Results indicated that the optimal ramp-designed passage for climbing species would be lined with Miradrain and set at an angle close to 30° and not exceeding 50°. Elver passage will be detrimentally affected by steep surfaces, which will be exacerbated if suboptimal ramp-surface types are used.

Customized anterior craniocervical reconstruction via a modified high-cervical retropharyngeal approach following resection of a spinal tumor involving C1–2/C1–3

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-440
Author(s):  
Shaohui He ◽  
Chen Ye ◽  
Nanzhe Zhong ◽  
Minglei Yang ◽  
Xinghai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽  
Spinal Tumor ◽  
Spinal Tumors ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Cervical ◽  
Occipital Condyles

OBJECTIVEThe surgical treatment of an upper cervical spinal tumor (UCST) at C1–2/C1–3 is challenging due to anterior exposure and reconstruction. Limited information has been published concerning the effective approach and reconstruction for an anterior procedure after C1–2/C1–3 UCST resection. The authors attempted to introduce a novel, customized, anterior craniocervical reconstruction between the occipital condyles and inferior vertebrae through a modified high-cervical retropharyngeal approach (mHCRA) in addressing C1–2/C1–3 spinal tumors.METHODSSeven consecutive patients underwent 2-stage UCST resection with circumferential reconstruction. Posterior decompression and occiput-cervical instrumentation was conducted at the stage 1 operation, and anterior craniocervical reconstruction using a 3D-printed implant was performed between the occipital condyles and inferior vertebrae via an mHCRA. The clinical characteristics, perioperative complications, and radiological outcomes were reviewed, and the rationale for anterior craniocervical reconstruction was also clarified.RESULTSThe mean age of the 7 patients in the study was 47.6 ± 19.0 years (range 12–72 years) when referred to the authors’ center. Six patients (85.7%) had recurrent tumor status, and the interval from primary to recurrence status was 53.0 ± 33.7 months (range 24–105 months). Four patients (57.1%) were diagnosed with a spinal tumor involving C1–3, and 3 patients (42.9%) with a C1–2 tumor. For the anterior procedure, the mean surgical duration and average blood loss were 4.1 ± 0.9 hours (range 3.0–6.0 hours) and 558.3 ± 400.5 ml (range 100–1300 ml), respectively. No severe perioperative complications occurred, except 1 patient with transient dysphagia. The mean pre- and postoperative visual analog scale scores were 8.0 ± 0.8 (range 7–9) and 2.4 ± 0.5 (range 2.0–3.0; p < 0.001), respectively, and the mean improvement rate of cervical spinal cord function was 54.7% ± 13.8% (range 42.9%–83.3%) based on the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale score (p < 0.001). Circumferential instrumentation was in good position and no evidence of disease was found at the mean follow-up of 14.8 months (range 7.3–24.2 months).CONCLUSIONSThe mHCRA provides optimal access to the surgical field at the C0–3 level. Customized anterior craniocervical fixation between the occipital condyles and inferior vertebrae can be feasible and effective in managing anterior reconstruction after UCST resection.

SET-VALUED PERFORMANCE APPROXIMATIONS FOR THE QUEUE GIVEN PARTIAL INFORMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Ward Whitt
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Interarrival Time ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Third Moment

In order to understand queueing performance given only partial information about the model, we propose determining intervals of likely values of performance measures given that limited information. We illustrate this approach for the mean steady-state waiting time in the $GI/GI/K$ queue. We start by specifying the first two moments of the interarrival-time and service-time distributions, and then consider additional information about these underlying distributions, in particular, a third moment and a Laplace transform value. As a theoretical basis, we apply extremal models yielding tight upper and lower bounds on the asymptotic decay rate of the steady-state waiting-time tail probability. We illustrate by constructing the theoretically justified intervals of values for the decay rate and the associated heuristically determined interval of values for the mean waiting times. Without extra information, the extremal models involve two-point distributions, which yield a wide range for the mean. Adding constraints on the third moment and a transform value produces three-point extremal distributions, which significantly reduce the range, producing practical levels of accuracy.

Two important bridges protected from earthquake by extremely big sliding pendulum isolators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Marioni ◽  
Roberto Dalpedri ◽  
Marco Banfi ◽  
Carla Cai
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Padma River ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Under Construction

<p>The Padma Bridge is a multipurpose road-rail bridge across the Padma River currently under construction in Bangladesh and is one of the most important projects in the whole south east Asia with a total length of 6150 m. The maximum design vertical load reaches 98725 kN.</p><p>The Holtekamp Bridge is a steel road bridge with 2 main spans of 150 m and 2 lateral spans of 75 for a total length of 450 m. The bridge is isolated by use of sliding pendulum isolators having a maximum vertical load capacity at ULS of 54915 kN.</p><p>In both cases the isolators are double sliding surface type but with a different approach about the central articulation. The paper aims to put in evidence the difference in behaviour of the 2 types of pendulum, analysing both the theoretical approach and the test results with a special focus over the adopted solution for perform the test on a device which exceed the capacity of aby existing laboratory.</p>

scholarly journals Cost of coils for intracranial aneurysms: clinical decision analysis for implementation of a capitation model

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet S. Gandhoke ◽  
Yash K. Pandya ◽  
Ashutosh P. Jadhav ◽  
Tudor Jovin ◽  
Robert M. Friedlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
List Price ◽  
Maximum Dimension ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cost

OBJECTIVEThe price of coils used for intracranial aneurysm embolization has continued to rise despite an increase in competition in the marketplace. Coils on the US market range in list price from $500 to $3000. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential cost savings with the use of a price capitation model.METHODSThe authors built a clinical decision analytical tree and compared their institution’s current expenditure on endovascular coils to the costs if a capped-price model were implemented. They retrospectively reviewed coil and cost data for 148 patients who underwent coil embolization from January 2015 through September 2016. Data on the length and number of coils used in all patients were collected and analyzed. The probabilities of a treated aneurysm being ≤/> 10 mm in maximum dimension, the total number of coils used for a case being ≤/> 5, and the total length of coils used for a case being ≤/> 50 cm were calculated, as was the mean cost of the currently used coils for all possible combinations of events with these probabilities. Using the same probabilities, the authors calculated the expected value of the capped-price strategy in comparison with the current one. They also conducted multiple 1-way sensitivity analyses by applying plausible ranges to the probabilities and cost variables. The robustness of the results was confirmed by applying individual distributions to all studied variables and conducting probabilistic sensitivity analysis.RESULTSNinety-five (64%) of 148 patients presented with a rupture, and 53 (36%) were treated on an elective basis. The mean aneurysm size was 6.7 mm. A total of 1061 coils were used from a total of 4 different providers. Companies A (72%) and B (16%) accounted for the major share of coil consumption. The mean number of coils per case was 7.3. The mean cost per case (for all coils) was $10,434. The median total length of coils used, for all coils, was 42 cm. The calculated probability of treating an aneurysm less than 10 mm in maximum dimension was 0.83, for using 5 coils or fewer per case it was 0.42, and for coil length of 50 cm or less it was 0.89. The expected cost per case with the capped policy was calculated to be $4000, a cost savings of $6564 in comparison with using the price of Company A. Multiple 1-way sensitivity analyses revealed that the capped policy was cost saving if its cost was less than $10,500. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the lowest cost difference between current and capped policies was $2750.CONCLUSIONSIn comparison with the cost of coils from the authors’ current provider, their decision model and probabilistic sensitivity analysis predicted a minimum $407,000 to a maximum $1,799,976 cost savings in 148 cases by adapting the capped-price policy for coils.

scholarly journals Early development and allometric growth in Nannacara anomala Regan, 1905 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) under laboratory conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kupren ◽  
Maja Prusińska ◽  
Daniel Żarski ◽  
Sławomir Krejszeff ◽  
Dariusz Kucharczyk
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Accelerated Growth

Morphological development and allometric growth of laboratory reared Nannacara anomala were studied from hatching to the loss of larval characters and beginning of squamation (18 days post-hatching) at 26°C. The mean total length (TL) of larvae and juveniles increased from 3.74 mm at hatching to 9.60 mm at metamorphosis. Morphogenesis and differentiation were most intense during the first week of development. During this period (TL interval = 3.74 - 4.84 mm) there was an evident priority to enhance the feeding and swimming capabilities by promoting accelerated growth in the head and tail regions. Following this period, there was a major decrease in growth coefficients, indicating a change in growth priorities. Observations on the early development of Nannacara anomala confirmed the basic uniformity development of a substrate brooding cichlid.

scholarly journals Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Three Tilapine Species in an Abandoned Gold Mine Reservoir, Igun, Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Oluwadamilare E. OBAYEMI ◽  
Olusola O. KOMOLAFE ◽  
Oluwakemi V. OKUNOLA ◽  
Sakirat T. ASAFA ◽  
Mary A. AYOADE
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
B Values ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sarotherodon Galilaeus

This study investigated the length-weight relationships and condition factors of three fish species in an abandoned gold mine reservoir. The fishes were caught on monthly basis between August 2015 and July 2016 using gill nets and traps. The results showed that Coptodon zillii, Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus had a mean total length and mean weight of 15.52±4.64 cm and 95.80±66.27 g; 15.27±4.18 cm and 89.54±63.20 g; 15.57±4.80 cm and 102.0±85.81 g respectively. Also, the mean condition factor obtained for the fish species are 2.24±0.52 in C. zillii; 2.26±0.62 in O. niloticus and 2.27±0.46 in S. galilaeus. Similarly, the slope (b) values and correlation coefficient for the three fish species are 2.018 and 0.969 for C. zillii; 1.977 and 0.926 for O. niloticus and 2.436 and 0.965 for S. galilaeus. Furthermore, the total length, weight and condition factor between C. zillii, O. niloticus and S. galilaeus differ significantly (p>0.05). The study concluded that despite being an abandoned gold mine reservoir, the environment is well suitable for the fishes.

Operative Treatment for Hallux Valgus With Moderate to Severe Metatarsus Adductus

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Shima ◽  
Ryuzo Okuda ◽  
Toshito Yasuda ◽  
Katsunori Mori ◽  
Momoko Kizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Significant Correction ◽  
Metatarsus Adductus ◽  
The Mean

Background: Operative treatment is indicated for patients who have symptomatic hallux valgus (HV) with moderate to severe metatarsus adductus (MA). However, there is limited information available on the operative procedures and outcomes for the treatment of HV with MA. We aimed to investigate the average 10-year follow-up clinical and radiologic outcomes. Methods: Seventeen patients (21 feet, average age: 60.1 years) with symptomatic HV with moderate to severe MA were operatively treated. Mean postoperative follow-up duration was 114.4 (24-246) months. All feet had metatarsus adductus angle ≥20 degrees on dorsoplantar weight-bearing radiograph. The procedure included a proximal crescentic osteotomy of the first metatarsal and abduction osteotomy of the proximal third of the second and third metatarsals. Results: The mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scale score improved significantly postoperatively ( P < .001). The mean postoperative visual analog scale score (17 feet) was 2.0 (0-6). Preoperative metatarsalgia was severe in 2 feet, moderate in 17, and mild in 2. At the most recent follow-up evaluation, 11 feet had no pain, 9 had mild pain, and 1 had moderate pain. The mean hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and metatarsus adductus angle significantly decreased postoperatively ( P < .001 for all). Recurrence of HV (HV angle ≥ 20 degrees) was observed in 4 feet. Conclusion: The clinical and radiologic results indicated that our novel operative treatment for HV with moderate to severe MA can achieve significant correction of HV with MA deformities and significant improvement in pain and function. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.

scholarly journals Effect of Tobacco Cessation on Weight in a Veteran Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272096365
Author(s):  
Crystal Zhou ◽  
Nicole G. Tran ◽  
Timothy C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Statistical Change

Introduction/Objectives: Weight gain concerns remain a barrier to tobacco cessation. Literature suggests that weight gain can occur after stopping tobacco, but continuing tobacco can have far worse outcomes. Limited information is available regarding weight gain in military personnel. The objective of this study was to evaluate weight change in veterans that stopped tobacco for a minimum of 12 months enrolled in a pharmacist managed telephone tobacco cessation clinic (PMTTCC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of veterans who had been tobacco-free for 12 months enrolled in a PMTTCC were included in this analysis. Primary outcomes were change in weight (kg) and body mass index (BMI) from baseline. Descriptive data were utilized where appropriate and paired t-tests were utilized for the primary outcomes. Results: Seventy-seven patients were screened and 10 were excluded. Sixty-seven veterans met inclusion criteria and were mostly male (91%, n = 61) and Caucasian (74.6%, n = 50). At 12 months post cessation, the mean weight gain was (1.81 kg ± 6.83, P = .03) and BMI (0.51 ± 2.23 kg/m2, P = .06). Conclusions: Veterans appeared to have minimal weight gain despite statistical significance and no statistical change with BMI after 12 months of being tobacco-free. Results suggest that the long-term weight gain is minimal, and a comprehensive tobacco cessation program can be helpful to improve weight outcomes.

scholarly journals Ganglionic and non-ganglionic neurons in frog heart: do they differ?

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Darius Batulevičius ◽  
Gertrūda Skripkienė ◽  
Greta Graužinytė ◽  
Augustina Grigaitė ◽  
Valdas Skripka
Keyword(s):  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Frog Heart ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Lucifer Yellow Ch ◽  
Frog Rana Temporaria ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Intracardiac Neurons

This study was designed to compare the morphology of neurons in relation to their distance from the major nerve trunks in the heart of the frog Rana temporaria. Seventy-nine intracardiac neurons were labelled intracellularly with fluorescent markers Lucifer Yellow CH and Alexa Fluor 568. The neurons located on the extensions of the vagus nerve were considered as ganglionic, while neurons spread loosely at further distance from these extensions were considered as non-ganglionic. The mean area of the soma in ganglionic neurons was about 25% larger than in non-ganglionic neurons. Ganglionic neurons had a higher soma area/nucleus area ratio than non-ganglionic neurons. Although both the total number and the total length of dendrite-like processes was similar between the two groups, ganglionic neurons had significantly fewer dendrite-like processes from the soma (1.5±0.3 vs. 3.9±1.0; P<0.05) and shorter total length of these processes from the soma (63±18 μm vs. 178±51 μm; P<0.05). In conclusion, ganglionic and non-ganglionic frog intracardiac neurons exhibit substantial morphological differences. We hypothesize that these differences may indicate different projections or variations in the number of their preganglionic inputs.

Preliminary observations of migrating adult freshwater eels (Anguilla australis australis Richardson) in Tasmania

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Sloane
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Downstream Migration ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Anguilla Australis ◽  
Daily Water Temperature ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Freshwater Eels

The downstream migration of maturing adult short-finned eels, A. a. australis, was recorded at an eel trap on the Clyde River during the 1981-1982 season. 5.2 t of eels entered the trap from November to April with 53% of the catch taken during January. Of the 190 eels examined, only a single male specimen was found. Female A. a. australis migrated downstream at a mean length of 94.5 cm, a mean weight of 1700 g and a mean age of 22.1 years (range 18-30 years). There was a significant positive correlation between catch and water temperature, temperatures above 12�C being associated with eel migration. The peak catch occurred during January and coincided with the highest record of mean daily water temperature (20.5�C). The migration did not appear to be influenced by moon phase, and river flow was controlled.

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