Two important bridges protected from earthquake by extremely big sliding pendulum isolators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Marioni ◽  
Roberto Dalpedri ◽  
Marco Banfi ◽  
Carla Cai
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Padma River ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Under Construction

<p>The Padma Bridge is a multipurpose road-rail bridge across the Padma River currently under construction in Bangladesh and is one of the most important projects in the whole south east Asia with a total length of 6150 m. The maximum design vertical load reaches 98725 kN.</p><p>The Holtekamp Bridge is a steel road bridge with 2 main spans of 150 m and 2 lateral spans of 75 for a total length of 450 m. The bridge is isolated by use of sliding pendulum isolators having a maximum vertical load capacity at ULS of 54915 kN.</p><p>In both cases the isolators are double sliding surface type but with a different approach about the central articulation. The paper aims to put in evidence the difference in behaviour of the 2 types of pendulum, analysing both the theoretical approach and the test results with a special focus over the adopted solution for perform the test on a device which exceed the capacity of aby existing laboratory.</p>

Vertical load-carrying behavior and design models for micropiles considering foundation configuration conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doohyun Kyung ◽  
Daehong Kim ◽  
Garam Kim ◽  
Junhwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ultimate Load Capacity ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Installation Angle ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Load Tests

In the present study, the vertical load-carrying behavior of micropile foundations with various configuration conditions was investigated based on results from model load tests. Considered configuration conditions included micropile inclination angle, spacing of micropiles, and types of micropile foundations. The ultimate load capacity of micropiles varied with installation angle, showing an initial increase and peak followed by a gradual decrease with further increase in installation angle. The ultimate load capacity of micropiled rafts was affected by both installation angle and micropile spacing. The load-carrying mechanism of micropiles for the inclined condition was proposed based on the decomposed axial and lateral load and resistance components. Using the proposed load-carrying mechanism and test results obtained in this study, the load capacity ratio for an inclined micropile was proposed. The group effect and interaction effect factors for group micropiles and micropiled rafts were proposed, respectively, all of which can be used to estimate the load-carrying capacity of micropile foundations. Field load tests were conducted and it was seen that estimated results using the proposed method were in good agreement with measured results. Additional comparison with case examples from the literature also confirmed the validity of the proposed method.

Women and Entrepreneurship – Albanian Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Anna Xheka
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Women's Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Difference

Women’s entrepreneurship is a powerful source, regarding to the women’s economic independence and empowerment, as well as regarding employment generation, economic growth and innovation, development and the reduction of poverty as well as one of the terms of gender equality. This poster presents the situation of women's entrepreneurship in Europe in comparative terms, with special focus in Albania. The paper has a descriptive nature. Describes three different plans in comparative terms; the representation of men and women in entrepreneurship, the representation of women in entrepreneurship in different countries of Europe and of Europe as a whole, as well as compare to gender quota. Through the processing of secondary data from various reports and studies, this poster concludes that although that the gender equality goal is the equal participation of men and women in all sectors, including the entrepreneurship, in this sector, gender gap it is still deep. Another significant comparative aspect, it is the difference between full and part –time women entrepreneurship. While in full time entrepreneurship in a convince way, men are those that dominate, in part time entrepreneurship clearly it’s evident the opposite trend, women's representation is much higher. It’s very interesting the fact, that the women’s entrepreneurship in Albania, presented in a significant optimistic situation, ranking in the second place, after Greece in the European level

Analysis of compliance of box sizes to comfortable housing of highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
V. Turlyun
Keyword(s):  
Free Movement ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
The Difference

The analysis of some herds of imported cattle under the conditions of Russian farms had been shown that the genetic potential of imported cattle in many farms has being realized only by 57 %, with the output of up to 50 % of the cattle during the first 2 years. The reason for this is the discrepancy between the conditions of the biological needs of animals. In this regard, the study of factors that affect the provision of comfortable conditions for animals plays an important role. This is especially true for Holstein animals, which are more susceptible to various diseases. In accordance with the technological solutions used in modern large complexes, the loose housing method of maintenance is mainly used. This method allows the animal to move freely, providing access to the consumption of water and feed, as well as timely rest. This determines the importance of the requirements for the size of the boxes for the rest of animals, which should ensure dryness and cleanliness in the process of resting cows, prevent damage to animals, as well as the ability of other animals to displace each other. The crossbars should not interfere with the free movement of the cow in the process of lowering to the floor and getting up due to their flexibility. The dimensions of the boxes should be made taking into account the measurements of the animals’ torso, as well as the amplitude of movement in the process of lowering and rising. The purpose of the research was to study the size of boxes and their compliance with the biological needs of highly productive imported cattle. An analysis of the compliance of conditions for housing highly productive cattle of Canadian and Australian origin with their biological needs under the conditions of a mega farm has been presented in the paper. Calculation on the basis of measurements of animals has been shown that animals of the Canadian selection require boxes with a total length of at least 279 cm, Australian – 271 cm. The difference with the required width of the box has been also established. For the group of cows of Canadian selection it should be at least 120 cm, for the Australian – 114 cm. Research results have been shown that the discrepancy in the design of boxes for comfortable rest of animals is a deterrent to the realization of their genetic productive potential.

scholarly journals Influence of Tool Length and Profile Errors on the Inaccuracy of Cubic-Machining Test Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Zongze Li ◽  
Hiroki Ogata ◽  
Ryuta Sato ◽  
Keiichi Shirase ◽  
Shigehiko Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Machining Error ◽  
Tool Profile ◽  
Machining Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Side Error ◽  
Profile Errors ◽  
Five Axis

A cubic-machining test has been proposed to evaluate the geometric errors of rotary axes in five-axis machine tools using a 3 × 3 zone area in the same plane with different tool postures. However, as only the height deviation among the machining zones is detected by evaluating the test results, the machining test results are expected to be affected by some error parameters of tool sides, such as tool length and profile errors, and there is no research investigation on how the tool side error influences the cubic-machining test accuracy. In this study, machining inaccuracies caused by tool length and tool profile errors were investigated. The machining error caused by tool length error was formulated, and an intentional tool length error was introduced in the simulations and actual machining tests. As a result, the formulated and simulated influence of tool length error agreed with the actual machining results. Moreover, it was confirmed that the difference between the simulation result and the actual machining result can be explained by the influence of the tool profile error. This indicates that the accuracy of the cubic-machining test is directly affected by tool side errors.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Space–Time Effect of a Double-Pipe Frozen Curtain Formation with Different Groundwater Velocities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3830
Author(s):  
Shicheng Sun ◽  
Chuanxin Rong ◽  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xiaogang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Groundwater Velocity ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Freezing Test ◽  
Double Pipe ◽  
Thermal Physical Properties

Groundwater velocity has significant effects on the formation of a frozen curtain during freezing. In order to study the influence of the velocity on a frozen curtain, a large physical model test platform was established for double-pipe freezing. Based on this platform, freezing tests for different velocities were carried out. Quartz sand was selected as a similar material. The freezing temperature of the saturated sand layer was found by analyzing the results of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on the study of the thermal physical properties of the sand layer, the freezing test results were analyzed, and the results showed that the flow led to the differential development of the temperature between the upstream and downstream sections of the freezing pipes. Moreover, the larger the velocity, the greater the difference. The flow prolonged the overlapping time of the frozen curtains. Additionally, the flow slowed down the development of the frozen curtain area and the frozen curtain thickness. The larger the flow velocity, the greater the inhibition of the flow on the development of the frozen curtain. The test results can provide more references for the design and construction of freezing engineering with flowing groundwater.

Influence of Collagen Status on Microstructures of Porous Collagen/TCP Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Chao Zou ◽  
Wen Jian Weng ◽  
Xu Liang Deng ◽  
Kui Cheng ◽  
Pi Yi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Collagen Matrices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Porous Composites ◽  
Better Than

Two starting collagens, sponge and floc collagen, were used to prepare collagen/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) composites. The resulting composites were porous and had 200μm pore size. However, there was a difference in the microstructure of the pore walls for the composites derived from the two collagens, the pore walls in sponge collagen/TCP composite were still porous and had 200 nm micropores size, TCP particles were trapped in collagen matrices. While floc collagen/TCP composite had smooth and dense walls in which TCP particles were embedded. The difference could be attributed to the starting collagen with different status. Sponge collagen has a soft structure, which easily becomes disassembled fibrils during alkali treatment, the disassembled fibrils are integrated again to form a dense morphology for pore walls after freeze-drying. While floc collagen has already a low disassembly degree, the alkali treatment could not be able to separate the fibrils, this remains as micropores in pore walls after freeze-drying. Both porous composites are significant in bone tissue engineering or regeneration. MTT test results showed the two composites had good cytocompatibility, and sponge collagen/TCP composite was somewhat better than floc collagen/TCP composite, which could result from that micropores derived roughness in pore walls of sponge collagen/TCP composite is suitable for cell growth.

Reply to comments of D. H. Zeuch

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1959-1960
Author(s):  
Hu Gengxiang ◽  
Chen Shipu ◽  
Wu Xiaohua ◽  
Chen Xiaofu
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Compression Testing ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specimen Length ◽  
The Difference

Compression test results of our research on Al3Ti-base alloys are reported. It is evident that the specimen length-to-width ratio we used for compression testing can significantly reflect the difference in ductility of different alloys. Thus the tests fulfilled the aim of our present research.

Calculation of Cylindrical Worm Gear Drives of Different Tooth Profiles

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Winter ◽  
H. Wilkesmann
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Worm Gear ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Gear Drives

The formulae of classical hydrodynamics are not suitable for the calculation of load capacity and power loss of worm gear drives. Thus a theoretical basis had to be developed for the comparison of different tooth profiles, materials of worm and worm wheel and lubricants. The data obtained were compared with test results. It proved that the coefficient of friction is an important influence factor.

Moving to e-bidding

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoen San Santoso ◽  
Nuttapon Bourpanus
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thai Government ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Mean Differences

Purpose This study aims to examine the influences of shifting the bidding system of Thai public infrastructure projects from e-auction to e-bidding. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was conducted with owners or senior managers with direct responsibility in deciding the mark-up of 72 small and medium-sized contractor firms. Five senior professionals were interviewed to provide insights into and to strengthen the discussion of the findings. The Wilcoxon test was applied to analyze the difference in the importance of the factors between e-auction and e-bidding. Findings The results revealed a shift in the importance of the factors, from those related to the financial aspects in the e-auction to the situational aspects in the e-bidding. The comparison test results also suggested that the majority of factors become significantly less important in the e-bidding system, with “identity of competitors” and “general expense of the bidding process” having the most apparent mean differences. The interview results supported by data on winning prices and estimations strongly indicated that bid collusions likely exist in the e-auction. By shifting to e-bidding, the data also show that the Thai Government can save public money in its infrastructure project development. Originality/value The study provides an analysis from the perspectives of contractor firms on how e-auction and e-bidding options influence bid mark-up decisions. Many studies have focused on the issues and advantages provided by the e-procurement mainly from the owner (government)’s perspective but how the change influences the contractor’s attitude has been less explored.

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