Survival of fish passing downstream at a small hydropower facility

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen V. Amaral ◽  
Benjamin S. Coleman ◽  
Jenna L. Rackovan ◽  
Kelly Withers ◽  
Benjamin Mater
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Hydro Project ◽  
Total Project

Hydropower dams can negatively affect upstream and downstream migratory fish populations in many ways, such as blocking access to upstream habitats and causing injuries or mortality during downstream passage. For downstream passage at projects in the USA, federal regulators and agencies responsible for oversight of hydropower facilities typically require assessment studies and mitigation to address negative effects, with a primary goal of minimising fish impingement and turbine entrainment and mortality. So as to assess the effects of downstream passage of fish populations at a unique, small hydro project on the Mississippi River, impingement and entrainment rates, Oberymeyer gate passage, spillway gate passage, turbine survival, and total downstream passage survival were estimated. It was determined that 85% of fish passing downstream at the project would be small enough to pass through the bar spacing of the trash racks and 15% would be physically excluded. When 55% of river flow enters the turbine intake channel, the total project survival rates were estimated to be 77.3% with an Obermeyer gate bypass rate of 10 and 96.6% with a gate bypass rate of 90%. Therefore, any effects on local fish populations resulting from the operation of the project are expected to be negligible and inconsequential on the basis of expected survival rates for the range and probability of river flows occurring at the project.

scholarly journals Comparison of Recreational Fish Consumption Advisories Across the USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany M. Cleary ◽  
Megan E. Romano ◽  
Celia Y. Chen ◽  
Wendy Heiger-Bernays ◽  
Kathryn A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Acute Tolerance ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Fish Consumption Advisories ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
Slope Factor ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lower Mississippi River

Abstract Purpose of Review Our comparative analysis sought to understand the factors which drive differences in fish consumption advisories across the USA — including exposure scenarios (acute and chronic health risk, non-cancer and cancer health endpoints), toxicity values (reference dose, cancer slope factor, acute tolerance level), and meal size and bodyweight assumptions. Recent Findings Fish consumption provides essential nutrients but also results in exposure to contaminants such as PCBs and methylmercury. To protect consumers from the risks of fish contaminants, fish consumption advisories are established, most often by state jurisdictions, to estimate the amount of a certain fish species a person could consume throughout their lifetime without harm. However, inconsistencies in advisories across the USA confuse consumers and undermine the public health goals of fish advisory programs. To date, no rigorous comparison of state and national fish consumption advisories has been reported. Summary Our work identifies discrepancies in key assumptions used to derive risk-based advisories between US states, reflecting differences in the interpretation of toxicity science. We also address the implications for these differences by reviewing advisories issued by contiguous states bordering two waterbodies: Lake Michigan and the Lower Mississippi River. Our findings highlight the importance of regional collaboration when issuing advisories, so that consumers of self-caught fish are equipped with clear knowledge to make decisions to protect their health.

scholarly journals A filtered renewal process as a model for a river flow

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Renewal Process ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Delaware River ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
Peak Value

Various models, based on a filtered Poisson process, are used for the flow of a river. The aim is to forecast the next peak value of the flow, given that another peak was observed not too long ago. The most realistic model is the one when the time between the successive peaks doesnothave an exponential distribution, as is often assumed. An application to the Delaware River, in the USA, is presented.

The US brewing industry, strategic windows and survival

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Walter ◽  
Linda F. Edelman ◽  
Keneth J. Hatten
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Select Group ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate how dynamic capabilities enabled survival in a select group of brewers, during one of the lengthiest and most severe industry consolidations in history. In doing so, we advance Abell’s (1978) theory of strategic windows through integration with the resource-based view of the firm. Design/methodology/approach – Using a mixed method approach, we first apply case study methods to develop hypotheses around the timing and level of operational capability required for survival. In the second phase, we test these hypothesized estimations on the USA Brewing population. Findings – Indicate that brewers which had advanced distribution and manufacturing operational capabilities before the strategic window of opportunity closed had higher survival rates. Practical implications – This study reinforces the importance of making timely strategic investments in capabilities. Originality/value – The integration of strategic window and capability theories advances our understanding of the roles that capabilities and time play in determining firm survival.

scholarly journals Uncertainty analysis of monthly river flow modeling in consecutive hydrometric stations using integrated data-driven models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Amininia ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Saghebian
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Models

Abstract The flow assessment in a river is of vital interest in hydraulic engineering for flood warning and evacuation measures. To operate water structures more efficiently, models that forecast river discharge are desired to be of high precision and certain degree of accuracy. Therefore, in this study, two artificial intelligence models, namely kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), were applied for the monthly river flow (MRF) modeling. For this aim, Mississippi river with three consecutive hydrometric stations was selected as case study. Using the previous MRF values during the period of 1950–2019, several models were developed and tested under two scenarios (i.e. modeling based on station's own data or previous station's data). Wavelet transform (WT) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) as data processing approaches were used for enhancing modeling capability. Obtained results indicated that the integrated models resulted in more accurate outcomes. Data processing enhanced the model's capability up to 25%. It was observed that the previous station's data could be applied successfully for MRF modeling when the station's own data were not available. The best-applied model dependability was assessed via uncertainty analysis, and an allowable degree of uncertainty was found in MRF modeling.

scholarly journals Challenges of digitalization and artificial intelligence for modern economies, societies and management

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-567
Author(s):  
Rolf Clauberg
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Jobs

This study aims at identifying the challenges of digitalization and artificial intelligence for modern economies, societies and business administration. The implementation of digitalization schemes as Industry 4.0 are presently official policy of many developed countries. The goal is optimization of production processes and supply chains. Artificial intelligence is also affecting many fields. Both technologies are expected to substantially change working conditions for many people. It is important to identify the kind and impact of these changes and possible means to minimize negative effects. For this purpose, this study uses previous results about the disappearance of manufacturing jobs in the USA and their impact on different groups of society together with technical information about the new technologies to deduce expected changes caused by digitalization and artificial intelligence. Results are that both technologies will destroy large numbers of jobs and complete job classes while at the same time creating new jobs very different from the ones destroyed. Extensive permanent education and re-education of employees will be necessary to minimize negative effects, probably even changes to a more broad-based education to improve the potential of job changes into completely new fields. In addition, the technical information about digitalization in cyber-physical systems points to dangers that will require solutions on the international level.

scholarly journals Exchange rate policy, growth, and foreign trade in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (190) ◽  
pp. 103-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Gligoric
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rate Policy

This paper analyzes a hot topic: the influence of an undervalued currency on macroeconomic variables - primarily on the economic growth and trade balance of a country, but also on employment, foreign exchange reserves, competition, and living standards. It also reviews and explains the consequences of yuan undervaluation, points out the need for its appreciation, and states the negative effects that stem from this measure. Special attention is given to the problematic bilateral relations between China and the USA and the reasons why Americans are worried about the exchange rate policy that China implements. Although yuan appreciation would decrease the American foreign trade deficit, it also raises the question of further financing of the American deficit. There are also other problems that the possible appreciation would cause for the American economy, due to the effect of J-curve, passthrough, larger costs of input imported from China, etc. Therefore, Chinese foreign exchange policy is an important subject, but it is not the solution to the problems of the global economy - which have deeper roots than that. However, there is no excuse for China implementing unfair exchange rate policies, or replacing such policies with controversial protectionist policies (as some authors have suggested).

Young Firms Sustainability and Corporate Reputation

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Nicolò
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Entrepreneurial Experience ◽  
Young Firms ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Very High

Although young firms are very vulnerable, significant differences emerge by comparing the survival rates of the companies in the first stage of life in different countries and industries, of different sizes, and with different characteristics of the leader (team of co-founders): education, previous entrepreneurial experience, reputation, etc. Many variables influence the performance of the companies and their chances of survival. Each enterprise is a singularity. Thus, it is methodologically wrong and naive any attempt to define ideal models and general “recipes” to reduce the vulnerability of the young firms. This hypothesis is confirmed by the analysis of the survival rates of the young firms born in the USA and in EU. The variance of the five-year survival rate is very high by comparing companies from different nations, of different size classes, those operating in different industries, and those whose leaders have or not have any previous entrepreneurial experience. The lack of corporate reputation is the only weakness common to the young firms. Since these companies do not have a history that can prove their ability to satisfy their commitments toward the stakeholder, they haven't a reputation and therefore are very weak their bonds of trust with stakeholders. The first difficulty, these weak bonds of trust are broken and young businesses collapse in on themselves. To achieve sustainability, young firms must quickly build a corporate reputation to strengthen the bonds of trust with the stakeholders. By this way, they will be more resistant to the difficulties. This is the only effective general “recipes”. (Nicolò 2015; Nicolò & Ferrara 2015).

Fishery Resources, Environment, and Conservation in the Mississippi and Yangtze (Changjiang) River Basins

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
River Restoration ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Action Team ◽  
The World ◽  
Middle Mississippi River ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
Sustainability Program

<em>Abstract</em>.—Ecosystem restoration of the Mississippi River main stem has been ongoing since the early 1970s. After the passage of environmental laws in the late 1960s to the early 1970s, private citizens and state and federal natural resource agency managers began to seek programs and funding for restoration and conservation that eventually resulted in mitigation measures of adverse impacts. Environmental-type actions that include the Great River Environmental Action Team, the Avoid and Minimize program, the middle Mississippi River biological opinion, and the lower Mississippi River conservation plan and biological opinion originated from laws or legal action. The Upper Mississippi River Restoration, Navigation and Ecosystem Sustainability Program, Restoring America’s Greatest River, and Operation and Maintenance activities, which support system ecological restoration measures, are, to a large extent, done in a cooperative setting to improve the river for multiple benefits. This coalition of agencies and professions has resulted in the application of hundreds of different types of measures to restore form and function to the third largest river in the world. Over the years, dredging and disposal practices have improved in an effort to minimize the impacts from these activities. Lost floodplain islands have been replaced, backwater lakes and channel depths have been recovered, active river flow has been reintroduced to backwaters, and microhabitats for special concern species have been restored, all to recreate broad functional floodplain habitat. Wing-dike and side-channel closure structures have been shortened, notched, or removed to recover flow along the main-channel border and side channels, increasing hydraulic residence time and recovering valuable habitat along with restoring nutrient and sediment assimilation processes the floodplain provides. Field monitoring has shown positive responses from endangered and threatened species, migratory and resident aquatic and wildlife species, abiotic conditions like water quality, and increased use by humans enjoying the benefit of a restored river system. Collectively, this work is some of the most extensive large river restoration in the world, but it only represents a small contribution to what is necessary to maintain a diverse and resilient Mississippi River. The information provided in this chapter provides a basis for continuing restoration efforts that should become a routine part of Mississippi River management.

Is consumer forgiveness possible?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1567-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
JungYun (Christine) Hur ◽  
SooCheong (Shawn) Jang
Keyword(s):  
Service Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Hotel Managers

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how consumer forgiveness is formed by examining rumination and distraction by consumers in hotel service failures.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a self-administered questionnaire in the USA. A total of 371 usable responses were obtained. Anderson and Gerbing’s two-step approach was used to assess the measurement and structural models.FindingsThis study suggests that rumination and distraction play significant roles in processing consumer forgiveness. Self-focused rumination and distraction increase consumer forgiveness, whereas provocation-focused rumination exacerbates the negative effects of service failure severity on consumer forgiveness. This study also shows that gender differences exist. Men were more likely than women to link self-focused rumination and distraction to their intentions to forgive a service provider.Practical implicationsThis study is helpful for hotel managers to understand the mechanisms of consumer forgiveness in service failures and develop effective recovery strategies. Managers should aim to lessen consumers’ provocation-focused rumination while encouraging self-focused rumination and distraction. In addition, because of the differences in the process of consumer forgiveness between men and women, it is critical to differentiate the two groups in designing targeted recovery strategies for service failures.Originality/valueThis study investigates consumer forgiveness as a behavioral outcome following service failures that may help consumers achieve psychological balance and allow service providers a chance to restore the broken relationship. This study adds new information for understanding consumer responses and provides a basis for effective service management strategies.

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