Reproduction , Spawning and Development of the Starfish Patiriella exigua (Lamarck) (Asteroidea : Asterinidae) and Some Comparisons with P. calcar (Lamarck)

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lawson-Kerr ◽  
DT Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Lecithotrophic Larva

P. exigua adults are mature throughout the year. The species can breed in any month of the year, though spawning is most active in the late winter and spring. P. calcar has a definite breeding season in the late spring and summer. P. exigua lays an egg mass through oral gonopores. The 400-�m eggs develop directly, through a yolky brachiolaria stage to a juvenile star, before leaving the egg mass at 22-23 days. P. calcar, with eggs of similar size laid through oral gonopores, has a planktonic lecithotrophic larva. The development of P. exigua is compared with that of other yolky asteroid embryos. Modes of development in the genus Patiriella are discussed.

scholarly journals Compost and soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi-arid soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Badu Brempong ◽  
Urszula Norton ◽  
Jay B. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Abstract Purpose An 8-week incubation study was conducted to monitor soil inorganic nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), greenhouse gases (GHG) [CO2, N2O and CH4] and cumulative global warming potential (GWP) in dryland soil. Methods Soil was amended with variable rates of compost (zero, 15, 30 and 45 dry Mg ha−1) and soil moistures [5% (dry), 7% (normal) and 14% (wet) water filled pore space (WFPS)] and experienced biweekly temperature transitions from 5 °C (late winter) to 10 °C (early spring) to 15 °C (late spring) to 25 °C (early summer). Results The addition of 30 and 45 Mg ha−1 compost enhanced N mineralization with 13% more soil inorganic N (7.49 and 7.72 µg Ng−1 day−1, respectively) during early summer compared with lower compost rates. Normal and wet soils had 35% more DOC in the late spring (an average of 34 µg g−1 day−1) compared to the dry WFPS, but transitioning from late spring to early summer, DOC at all soil WFPS levels increased. Highest rates of compost were not significant sources of GHG with normal soil WFPS, compared with lower compost rates. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 59 and 15%, respectively, as soil WFPS increased from dry to normal and normal to wet. Soils with normal WFPS were the most effective CH4 sink. Conclusion One-time application of high compost rates to dryland soils leads to enhanced N and C mineralization under normal soil moisture and warmer temperature of the summer but will not pose significant global warming dangers to the environment through GHG emissions since soils are rarely wet.

Reproduction in Sminthopsis-Longicaudata (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) - Laboratory Observations

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley ◽  
A Valente
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Observations on the pattern of reproduction in Sminthopsis longicaudata, at present considered to be an endangered species, are presented. S. longicaudata is polyoestrous and in the laboratory females are in breeding condition from late winter (August) to early summer (December). They enter oestrus up to four times during the breeding season. Two litters were born 17 and 19 days post-mating, but the gestation period may be less than 15 days. The mean length of the oestrous cycle is 34.4 days. Both males and females may be able to breed in more than one season.

Seasonal changes in serum leptin, food intake, and body weight in photoentrained woodchucks

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. R951-R959 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Concannon ◽  
K. Levac ◽  
R. Rawson ◽  
B. Tennant ◽  
A. Bensadoun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Marmota Monax ◽  
Rate Of Decline

Male woodchucks ( Marmota monax) were maintained in northern vs. southern hemisphere photoperiods, provided feed and water ad libitum, and evaluated every 2 wk for 23 mo for body weight, absolute and relative food intake, body temperature, serum testosterone, and serum concentrations of leptin measured using an anti-mouse leptin enzyme-linked immunoassay. During late spring and summer, body weight increased 56 ± 4% above winter nadirs, and during the autumn and early winter weights decreased 27 to 43% below midsummer maxima. Serum leptin initially increased during increases in body weight, in the late spring, reached peak values (490 ± 32 pg/ml) in summer during the initial decline in body weight, and later decreased along with body weight to reach basal values (20 ± 5 pg/ml) in late winter. Spontaneous declines in food intakes in summer began 2–6 wk before resulting declines in body weight and occurred during increases in leptin >100 pg/ml. The rate of decline in food intakes was greatest when serum leptin was at or near peak values. Food intake increased in late winter when leptin was low and 7–10 wk before resulting increases in body weight. Testis recrudescence occurred when leptin was declining to near basal levels. The results suggest that leptin is involved in the hormonal regulation of the circannual cycle in the drive for voluntary food intake in this species.

scholarly journals Long-term monitoring of the endemic Rana latastei: suggestions for after-LIFE management

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Canova ◽  
Alessandro Balestrieri
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
The Status ◽  
Yearly Change ◽  
A Site ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Rana Latastei

AbstractWe monitored egg clutch numbers of a population of the endemic Italian agile frog Rana latastei in a Site of Community Interest in northern Italy (SCI IT 209000) during 1997–2017 with the aim of assessing the long-term variation in its abundance. We walked along the banks of canals and small ponds (n = 22) 1–3 times per week between early February and mid-April each year to detect egg clutches. The relationships between the start of the breeding season, yearly egg mass counts, rate of yearly change in the number of recorded egg masses and 15 climatic and environmental variables were assessed by multiple regression. The first deposition of eggs occurred progressively later in the year throughout the study period and mean air temperature during the breeding season decreased over this period. Agile frogs showed high deposition site-fidelity. Despite large variations in the number of egg clutches detected from year to year, the population size remained stable in the long term. Peaks in the number of egg clutches occurred 2 years after the dredging of canals, carried out every 4–6 years to improve water availability, starting in 2004 as part of a LIFE Nature Project. This was the only predictor of the number of egg clutches deposited, suggesting that periodical management is needed to support the agile frog population. Our results reinforce the need for multi-year monitoring to determine both the long-term success of habitat restoration projects and the status of residual populations.

Effect of season and nutrition on scrotal circumference of Merino rams

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
DW Pethick
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Spring Equinox

In 3 experiments, groups of 5 Merino rams were individually fed a pelleted ration at maintenance (1 kg/day), with or without 750 g/day of lupin grain, and kept indoors under conditions of natural light and temperature. Measurements of scrotal circumference and liveweight were made during winter, spring-summer and autumn, for periods of 42-49 days. Ambient temperatures and daylengths were recorded. The season of the experiment affected the rate of change of scrotal circumference. Rams fed the maintenance diet showed a pattern of increasing scrotal circumference, starting in late spring after the spring equinox and reaching a maximum in autumn-early winter, then decreasing in mid-late winter after the winter equinox. Scrota1 circumference responded to increased nutrition under all daylength regimes and the magnitude of this response was influenced by the season.

scholarly journals Ecological features of a Rana iberica population inhabiting a human-altered ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Daily Minimum ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
North Western

In this work, data are presented about spatial use and behaviour of Iberian brown frog (Rana iberica) during and after the breeding season in Pontevedra (north-western Spain). Field data were collected between November 2008 and February 2010 at a human-altered stream. The results suggest that there was a change in habitat use between the breeding and the non-breeding seasons. Rana iberica individuals concentrated in the upper part of the stream during the breeding season (November-March), moving to lower parts of the stream during late spring and summer. The estimated monthly frog abundance was inversely correlated to the recorded mean daily minimum temperatures.

Eastern Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis jamaicensis) Home Range and Habitat Use in Late Winter and Early Breeding Season in Coastal Texas, USA

Waterbirds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Haverland ◽  
M. Clay Green ◽  
Floyd Weckerly ◽  
Jennifer K. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Black Rail

Conditional daily and seasonal movement strategies of male Columbia black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Long ◽  
T.C. Jacobsen ◽  
B.J. Nelson ◽  
K.M.M. Steensma
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Diel Movement

Animals move to maximize fitness via resource acquisition, predator avoidance, thermoregulation, or mate access. Variations in movement strategies among and within populations often reflect habitat- or demographic-specific variations in fitness trade-offs. To examine these conditional movement strategies, we modeled seasonal and diel movement patterns of radio-collared adult male Columbia black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson, 1829)) on a temperate, predator-free island. Linear 10 h displacement and home-range areas reached annual maxima during autumn and minima during late winter, corresponding with known dates for breeding season and lowest quality forage, respectively. For all males in all years, initiation of increased movements began during spring and again, abruptly, in late September, immediately prior to peak breeding season. Larger antlered males continued increased movements longer into December, suggesting increased breeding effort relative to smaller antlered males. Time of day predicted movements during all seasons; however, we observed no strong evidence of the crepuscular or nocturnal movement bias typically noted in deer, likely relating to the lack of predators in our study area. In this way, male black-tailed deer adopted conditional, seasonally specific movement strategies to balance fitness trade-offs in resource acquisition, thermoregulation, and mate access.

scholarly journals Sex- and maturity-based differences in movement and migration patterns of grey nurse shark, Carcharias taurus, along the eastern coast of Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Bansemer ◽  
M. B. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Nurse Shark ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Carcharias Taurus

Photo-identification techniques were used to investigate temporal and spatial distributions of Carcharias taurus (Rafinesque, 1810) in relation to maturity, sex and pregnancy status at 19 sites along Australia’s eastern coastline. Of 931 individual sharks identified between 2004 and 2008, 479 were female (271 mature, 208 immature) and 452 male (288 mature, 164 immature). Mature, non-gravid females and mature males were mostly observed in the southern to central parts of this species range, along the eastern coast of Australia, in early summer to early winter. These sharks subsequently moved northward, and mating occurred in late spring to early summer in waters off the coast of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. Pregnant C. taurus aggregated at Wolf Rock in southern Queensland, at the most northerly part of their known range, from late summer to early winter. These sharks subsequently migrated south to pup in central and southern waters of their range in late winter to late spring. Immature sharks of both sexes moved less than mature sharks, showed no synchronised migration patterns, and were mostly restricted to central and southern waters. The improved understanding of sex- and maturity-based migration of C. taurus provided here should facilitate a conservation strategy appropriate for this species in Australian waters.

Time of Year Effects on Self-Reported Estimates of Past-Year Alcohol Consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette Mojica-Perez ◽  
Sarah Callinan ◽  
Michael Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Time Of Year

There were higher estimates of alcohol consumption for respondents completing the survey in November (late spring) and lower estimates in August and September (late winter/early spring). Seasonal variations in alcohol consumption have the potential to impact respondents’ accurate recall of alcohol consumption in the last 12 months.

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