Differences in growth rates between habitats of South-east Australian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICC Francis ◽  
RH Winstanley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Length Increment

Data on recaptured fish from two tagging experiments on south-east Australian snapper, Chrysophrys auratus, were analysed: 198 fish released in several Victorian locations between 1956 and 1962, and 118 fish released in Port Phillip Bay in 1971 and 1972. Movement data from both experiments were used to classify the fish into habitats (oceanic and bay) and stocks (western and eastern). Length increment data from the earlier experiment indicate that the major growth-rate differences in south-east Australian snapper lie within the western stock (between oceanic and bay habitats) rather than between stocks as suggested by an earlier analysis of the same data. The annual growth rates of 20-30-cm snapper in Port Phillip Bay and Western Port are 17-20% higher than for fish in the ocean. Oceanic growth rates in the western stock appear to be lower than those in the eastern stock. Procedural differences in length measurements at tagging and recapture can introduce a net bias in the length increment that, if ignored (as is conventional in tagging growth models), will bias growth rate estimates. In the earlier tagging experiment, this is shown to have caused a 10% positive bias in growth rate estimates.

Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Juvenile Abundance ◽  
History Of

<em>Abstract.</em>—We investigated factors affecting growth of larval striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis </em>in the San Francisco Estuary from 1984 to 1993. We estimated ages and growth rates of larval striped bass from daily otolith increments. Mean annual growth rates of 6–14 mm standard length striped bass varied from 0.13 to 0.27mm/d, the lowest rate occurring in 1989 and the highest in 1992. The 1989 growth rate was significantly lower than all other years, and growth rates for 1992 and 1993 were significantly higher than all other years, but did not differ from one another. Differences in annual growth rates apparently were due mainly to differences in mean annual prey densities because growth rate increased as prey density increased. Compared to both laboratory measured growth rates and growth rates of field-caught Chesapeake Bay larvae, growth rates from the San Francisco Estuary appeared to be high for the food available, indicating that larvae can grow at relatively high rates even at low prey densities. Correlation analyses did not support density-dependent control of growth rates. Growth rate was not significantly related to mean annual conductivity, water temperature, mortality rates, or the juvenile abundance index, but was significantly and positively correlated with densities of 1-mm length-groups of 9–14-mm striped bass.

scholarly journals Can We Measure a COVID-19-Related Slowdown in Atmospheric CO2 Growth? Sensitivity of Total Carbon Column Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Sussmann ◽  
Markus Rettinger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Synoptic Variability ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing projected annual CO2 emission reductions up to −8% for 2020. This approximately matches the reductions required year on year to fulfill the Paris agreement. We pursue the question whether related atmospheric concentration changes may be detected by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), and brought into agreement with bottom-up emission-reduction estimates. We present a mathematical framework to derive annual growth rates from observed column-averaged carbon dioxide (XCO2) including uncertainties. The min–max range of TCCON growth rates for 2012–2019 was [2.00, 3.27] ppm/yr with a largest one-year increase of 1.07 ppm/yr for 2015/16 caused by El Niño. Uncertainties are 0.38 [0.28, 0.44] ppm/yr limited by synoptic variability, including a 0.05 ppm/yr contribution from single-measurement precision. TCCON growth rates are linked to a UK Met Office forecast of a COVID-19-related reduction of −0.32 ppm yr−2 in 2020 for Mauna Loa. The separation of TCCON-measured growth rates vs. the reference forecast (without COVID-19) is discussed in terms of detection delay. A 0.6 [0.4, 0.7]-yr delay is caused by the impact of synoptic variability on XCO2, including a ≈1-month contribution from single-measurement precision. A hindrance for the detection of the COVID-19-related growth rate reduction in 2020 is the ±0.57 ppm/yr uncertainty for the forecasted reference case (without COVID-19). Only assuming the ongoing growth rate reductions increasing year-on-year by −0.32 ppm yr−2 would allow a discrimination of TCCON measurements vs. the unperturbed forecast and its uncertainty—with a 2.4 [2.2, 2.5]-yr delay. Using no forecast but the max–min range of the TCCON-observed growth rates for discrimination only leads to a factor ≈2 longer delay. Therefore, the forecast uncertainties for annual growth rates must be reduced. This requires improved terrestrial ecosystem models and ocean observations to better quantify the land and ocean sinks dominating interannual variability.

The Natural History of Incidental Meningiomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Nakamura ◽  
Florian Roser ◽  
Julia Michel ◽  
Cornelius Jacobs ◽  
Madjid Samii
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Tumor Doubling Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Doubling Times ◽  
Initial Tumor Size

Abstract OBJECTIVE Little information about the natural history of incidental meningiomas exists in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the natural history of asymptomatic meningiomas by comparing different methods of growth rate calculation to establish a strategy for dealing with these tumors. METHODS In 47 asymptomatic patients, hospital charts, follow-up records, and imaging studies were reviewed. Of these patients, 6 underwent surgery. Tumor growth rates were determined by calculating the absolute and relative growth rates and the tumor volume doubling times. RESULTS In 41 patients with conservative management, the average tumor size was 9 cm3, and the majority (66%) of growth rates were less than 1 cm3/yr. The absolute growth rate ranged from 0.03 to 2.62 cm3/yr (mean, 0.796 cm3/yr). Relative annual growth rates ranged from 0.48 to 72.8% (mean, 14.6%). The tumor doubling time ranged from 1.27 to 143.5 years (mean, 21.6 yr). A moderate correlation between the age and growth rates was found. In young patients, annual growth rates tended to be higher and tumor doubling times shorter. There was no clear correlation between the initial tumor size and tumor doubling time. The mean annual growth rate of meningiomas with calcification was lower than in tumors without calcification. Also, tumors with hypointense or isointense T2 signals on magnetic resonance imaging had a lower growth rate. In the group of six patients with surgical excision, tumor growth rates were higher and tumor doubling times shorter than in the nonsurgical group. CONCLUSION The majority of incidental meningiomas show minimal growth; thus, they may be observed without surgical intervention unless specific symptoms appear. Tumor growth is associated with patient age. The initial tumor size is not considered a predictive factor for tumor growth. Radiological features, such as calcification or T2 signal intensity, may provide useful information to predict the growth potential of meningiomas.

scholarly journals Phenology and growth indicators of honey trees and bushes in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 02050
Author(s):  
J. M. Jumayev ◽  
M. Z. Kholmurodov ◽  
K. A. Khalilova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Symphoricarpos Albus ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Growth Indicators

This article presents the results of research on the study of some bioecological properties of honey-producing trees and shrubs. The flowering period of the main trees and shrubs is March-June and allows to obtain a high amount of honey. During the summer months, Lycium barbarum, Symphoricarpos albus, Sophora japonica species continue to bloom until autumn. According to the data, the growth rates of all trees and shrubs were at the level of demand. In particular, when growing linden trees in the spring, their height increased from 190.5 cm to 230.5 cm in autumn. That was, it grew by 40 cm during one vegetation. The Ligustrum bush had the highest growth rate, with seedlings planted in spring averaging 90 cm in height and 155.8 cm in autumn, with an annual growth rate of 65.8 cm. These indicators depicted that the conditions in the experimental fields were suitable for the growth of trees and shrubs.

scholarly journals Analysis of Trends, Growth and Instability in Rice Production in Andhra Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
G. P. Sunandini ◽  
K. Solmon Raju Paul ◽  
Shakuntala Devi Irugu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Past

The study has been taken up with the objective of investigating the trends, pattern of growth and the extent of instability in area, production and productivity of rice crop in Andhra Pradesh state over a period of five and half decades from 1959-60 to 2013-14. Compound Growth Rate and Coefficient of Variation were used to calculate the annual growth rate and instability. The area, production and productivity of rice in this period has increased by 25, 201 and 138 per cent respectively. In this period, the districts were categorised and grouped under different groups based on average productivity of rice. During the study period many of the districts moved from very low productivity to high productivity group. During 1960s, 17 districts are under very low productivity group (<1500 kg/ha) and in 2010s 13 districts are under high productivity group (>3000 kg/ha). During the period 2014-19 in the divided Andhra Pradesh contribution of different productivity groups to the states paddy production was calculated and concluded that 3 districts under high productivity group (>6000kg/ha) contributed 52 per cent of the production. During 2010s annual growth rates for area, production and productivity are 4.08, 4.02 and 1.21 respectively. In all the periods in the past five and half decades, production and productivity growth rates are higher than growth rate in area except in 2010s. Instability was higher in production and area than in productivity.  The annual growth rate and the instability of production and area are higher in 2010s. Suitable crop planning is to be initiated, adoption of sustainable management practices are to be intensified to maintain the growth rate and reduce the instability in area and production.

scholarly journals Growth and Instability in Production and Export of Almond in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Sultani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
World Production ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
High Instability

The almond is native to Iran and surrounding countries as well as Asia. In 2017, world production of almonds was 2.2 million tones, with the United States providing 46% of the total. According to FAO Afghanistan is one of the 10 top producers of almonds. The study examined the growth and instability of area, production, export and consumption of almond in Afghanistan from 2000 to 2017. Exponential function fitted to estimate compound annual growth rates (CAGR) in area, production, export and consumption of almond, and Cuddy – Della Valle indices are used in the study. The compound growth rates for area, production and productivity of almonds in Afghanistan were 5.77 %, 7.37 % and 1.52 % respectively. Area under almond crop exhibited medium (19,52) instability, where production and productivity shown high (50.05 and 49.01) instability respectively, during this period. Almond consumption grew by 6.75 per cent and export grew with compound annual growth rate of 6.12 per cent from the year 2000 to 2017.Both export and consumption of almond registered high instability in this period.

scholarly journals GROWTH OF MANGROVE COCKLE (Anandara antiquata) CULTURED IN CAGES

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Jesaja A. Pattikawa ◽  
Elizabeth Ferdinandus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Length Increment

Study on growth of mangrove cockle (Anadara antiquata) was conducted in the intertidal area of Passo, Inner Ambon Bay. Three size-classes of 25 individual cockles were cultured in 1 m3 cage. Length increment data was collected every two weeks for seven periods of observation. Relative growth rate, length-weight relationship and condition factor were estimated using formula proposed by Effendie, Pauly and King, respectively. The results showed that the small size had the highest length increment and relative growth rates while the large size had the best condition factor. Length-weight relationship showed isometric growth for all categories.

Growth and development of the Murid Pseudomys novaehollandiae

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Hind Foot

Growth of the hind foot, head and weight were studied from birth to 150 days of age in a captive colony of P. novaaehollandiae, and development of external body features was recorded from birth to weaning. The altricial young were sparsely haired and blind at birth and a juvenile pelage was present by about 10 days. The eyes opened at 15 (13-19) days and the young were weaned during the fourth week. Instantaneous relative growth rates showed that growth (weight) during the first 40 days was multiphasic and that the growth rate changed considerably at both the opening of the eyes and weaning. The relationships of seven body measurements (head and body, head, ear, foreleg, hind leg, hind foot and tail) were compared to a linear equivalence of weight; all showed a sigmoidal relationship except that of head and body, which was a straight line. Hind foot and head length measurements of growing animals reached 90% of adult size at about 26 days, and weight at about 85 days. In Australian murids, one group grows relatively quickly and another grows slowly.

On the Age and Growth Rate of Giant Cacti: Radiocarbon Dating of the Spines of Cardon (Pachycereus Pringlei)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Delgado-Fernández ◽  
Pedro P Garcillán ◽  
Exequiel Ezcurra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Columnar Cacti ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pachycereus Pringlei

AbstractAge estimation has been a limiting factor in the study of giant columnar cacti. In order to test the feasibility of using radiocarbon methods to estimate the age of the giant cardon cacti (Pachycereus pringlei), we selected six sites spanning the latitudinal and precipitation range of the species in the Baja California peninsula. In each site, we selected four individuals of different heights and sampled a spine from the lowest areole in the stem. The age of the spine was estimated using 14C dating, and the mean annual growth rate of the plant was calculated dividing the height of the lead shoot by the plant’s age. Mean annual growth rate was 0.098 m/yr, with values varying between 0.03 and 0.23 m/yr. Within the range of plants sampled, mean annual growth rates were significantly correlated with the height of the plant (r2=0.82, P<0.0001), and no other site-specific variable such as precipitation or latitude was a significant predictor of mean annual growth rates. A model integrating mean growth rate versus height showed that relatively small differences in growth rates between plants accumulate during the plants’ lifetime, so that plants of similar size may have very different ages. We conclude that 14C dating provides a robust method to explore the growth and demography of columnar cacti.

Are Growth Parameters Estimated from Tagging and Age–Length Data Comparable?

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. C. C. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Length Data ◽  
The Mean

The two most common ways of estimating fish growth use age–length data and tagging data. It is shown that growth parameters estimated from these two types of data have different meanings and thus are not directly comparable. In particular, the von Bertalanffy parameter l∞ means asymptotic mean length at age for age–length data, and maximum length for tagging data, when estimated by conventional methods. New parameterizations are given for the von Bertalanffy equation which avoid this ambiguity and better represent the growth information in the two types of data. The comparison between growth estimates from these data sets is shown to be equivalent to comparing the mean growth rate of fish of a given age with that of fish of length equal to the mean length at that age. How much these growth rates may differ in real populations remains unresolved: estimates for two species of fish produced markedly different results, neither of which could be reproduced using growth models. Existing growth models are shown to be inadequate to answer this question.

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