Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA separation of Pacific northern bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel), from southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau)

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Ward ◽  
NG Elliott ◽  
PM Grewe
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Haplotype Frequency ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Southern Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Northern and southern bluefin tunas are morphologically similar and can be misidentified, posing problems for fishery management and marketing. Allozyme variation and restriction-site variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to distinguish between the two species. A survey of 36 allozyme loci active in white muscle and liver tissue showed that the genetic identity between the species was high (Nei's I = 0.907). One diagnostic locus (sAH*) and two nearly diagnostic loci (ADA* and GDA*) were found, and four loci showed highly significant allele frequency differences (FH*, GPI-A*, PGDH* and sSOD*). A survey of the mtDNA genome, using 15 restriction enzymes and southern blotting, revealed five restriction enzymes that gave species-diagnostic restriction digest profiles (Ban I, Bcl I, Dra I, Pvu II, Xba I) and a further three enzymes (Pst I, Barn HI and Nco I) with large haplotype frequency differences. Mitochondrial DNA analysis provided more reliable discrimination of specimens than did allozyme analysis, although the more rapid allozyme identification will be accurate for most specimens. The two biochemical genetic methods were then used to identify Australian-caught fish of uncertain identity. Six of 12 tuna originally considered to be northern bluefin tuna were confirmed as northern bluefin and six were identified as southern bluefin. The presence of northern bluefin tuna as far south as south-western Tasmania was confirmed.

Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA analysis of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., from south-eastern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn M. Davis ◽  
Patricia I. Dixon ◽  
John H. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were introduced to Australia on at least three occasions over the past 100 years. These introductions were to the Prospect Reservoir, Sydney (1907), the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, New South Wales (NSW) (1940s), and to Boolarra, Victoria (1960). Koi, a colourful variety of carp, have been introduced to several areas as well. Carp are now widely spread throughout south-eastern Australia. This study aimed to investigate genetic variation of carp in south-eastern Australia. Carp from several localities were examined at seven polymorphic allozyme loci and with three restriction enzymes detecting polymorphic sites in mitochondrial DNA. Three composite mtDNA haplotypes were found. Haplotype 1 was spread throughout the study area, occurring in 72% of all individuals examined. Haplotype 2 was localized to south-western NSW and occurred in 4% of individuals. Haplotype 3 was found in the Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania and accounted for 24% of individuals. Little genetic variation within and among carp populations was observed in the mitochondrial DNA data. The allozyme data showed greater variation within populations than did the mitochondrial DNA data.

Mitochondrial DNA and allozyme variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O'Connell ◽  
D. O. F. Skibinski ◽  
J. A. Beardmore
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Four restriction enzymes were used to assay mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Wales. A total of 122 fish from 22 sites, within three catchments, were analyzed. A further 368 fish from seven of these sites were also investigated at 19–21 allozyme loci. The allozyme and mtDNA data revealed significant genetic differentiation between and within catchments. The allozyme data were as informative as mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in distinguishing between populations of Atlantic salmon. The similarity between data sets in information content is in contrast with previous studies. The relative value of both techniques to fishery managers is discussed.

Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA analysis of the tropical saddle-tail sea perch, Lutjanus malabaricus (Schneider), from Australian waters

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Sea Perch ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Samples of Lutjanus malabaricus from four localities were examined for genetic variability at 10 polymorphic allozyme loci and, after restriction fragment analysis with five enzymes detecting polymorphic cut sites, in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Twenty composite mtDNA haplotypes were found, with three common haplotypes occurring in 84% of individuals examined. Significant differentiation in haplotype frequencies between individuals sampled from the east coast of Queensland and those from the Gulf of Carpentaria and the North West Shelf suggests little, if any, movement of genes through the Torres Strait since its opening about 8000 years ago. Allozyme allele frequencies differed at one locus (PGM-1*) between samples from the North West Shelf and those from the Gulf of Carpentaria. These results are consistent with a recolonization, after the last ice age, of the more northern waters of Australia from a stock off the west coast. The observation of more nuclear than mitochondrial DNA differentiation may be partly a consequence of a female bias in sex ratios. The suggested presence of multiple stocks (North West Shelf, Gulf of Carpentaria, east coast of Queensland) of L. malabaricus, a dominant component of the northern Australian finfish fishery, should be considered in future management plans.

Multiple spawning of captive Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA analysis

Aquaculture ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 310 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoki Nakadate ◽  
Takashi Kusano ◽  
Hiroshi Fushimi ◽  
Hidehiro Kondo ◽  
Ikuo Hirono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Pacific Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Thunnus Orientalis ◽  
Multiple Spawning ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Analysis

Phylogenetic relationships of sorghum taxa inferred from mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment analysis

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Guo ◽  
D. Z. Skinner ◽  
G. H. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Taxonomic Research

To elucidate the evolutionary history and affinity of sorghum species, 41 sorghum taxa were analyzed using variability in mitochondrial DNA. Analysis of species relationships at the molecular level can provide additional data to supplement the existing classification based on morphological characters and may also furnish unexpected but useful information. Total DNA extracted from each of the sorghum accessions was digested with each of five restriction enzymes, BamHI, HindIII, EcoRI, EcoRV, and XbaI, and probed with five mitochondrial DNAs cloned from Sorghumbicolor. A total of 180 restriction fragments was detected by the 25 probe–enzyme combinations. Forty-three fragment bands were phylogenetically informative. Multiple correspondence analysis was performed to visualize associations among the accessions and suggested that section Eusorghum species may be divided into four groups, with Sorghumlaxiflorum (section Heterosorghum) and Sorghumnitidum (section Parasorghum) appearing as outliers. A phylogenetic tree was assembled from mitochondrial restriction fragment data. The taxa analyzed formed three major groups comprising section Heterosorghum (group I), section Parasorghum (group II), and all accessions in section Eusorghum (group III). Group III is further divided into four groups: (i) two sweet sorghums and shattercane; (ii) Sorghumhalepense, Sorghummiliaceum, Sorghumhewisonii, Sorghumaethiopicum, Sorghumverticilliflorum, and S. bicolor, including Sorghumsudanense (sudangrass), the Chinese Kaoliangs, and a number of commercial sorghum inbreds from the U.S.A.; (iii) Sorghumpropinquum; and (iv) Sorghumarundinaceum, Sorghumniloticum, Sorghumalmum, Sorghumcontroversum, and the Chinese material C-401 and 5-27. Results indicate that the analysis of fragmented mitochondrial DNA was diagnostic and useful in sorghum phylogenetic and taxonomic research at the species, subspecies, and race levels, and can complement results from those analyses using nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA that effectively distinguish taxa at species and genus levels. Key words : Sorghum, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeny, restriction fragment.

Variation in Mitochondrial DNA and Allozymes Discriminates Early and Late Forms of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Kenai and Kasilof Rivers, Alaska

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah S. Adams ◽  
William J. Spearman ◽  
Carl V. Burger ◽  
Kenneth P. Currens ◽  
Carl B. Schreck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Unique Haplotype ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Genetic differences between early and late forms of Alaskan chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were identified using two genetic approaches: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis, and protein electrophoresis. Study populations consisted of early and late runs in each of the Kenai and Kasilof rivers in Alaska, and a population from the Minam River, Oregon. Two segments of mtDNA were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with 14–16 restriction enzymes. Results showed that early runs were genetically similar to each other but different from the late runs. The late runs were different from each other based on the frequency of the common haplotypes. Frequency differences in shared haplotypes together with the presence of a unique haplotype separated the Minam River stock from those in Alaska. In the protein analysis, each population was examined at 30 allozyme loci. Based on 14 polymorphic loci, Minam River salmon were genetically distinct from the Alaskan populations. Within the Alaskan populations, early runs were most similar to each other but different from the late runs; the late runs were also genetically most similar to each other. Both mtDNA and allozyme analysis suggest that chinook salmon may segregate into genetically different early and late forms within a drainage.

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Atlanto-Scandian Herring (Clupea Harengus) Populations Using Allozymes and Mitochondrial Dna Markers

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemal Turan ◽  
Gary R. Carvalho ◽  
Jarle Mork
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Allozymes and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP's) in genes of the NADH dehydrogenase complex (ND 5/6 genes) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to investigate the spatial genetic structure of Atlanto-Scandian herring (Clupea harengus). Samples (sample size=46–50/site) comprised Icelandic summer spawners, Norwegian spring spawners, and two fjord populations, Balsfjord and Trondheimsfjord, on the Norwegian coast. Fifty enzymes were assayed, and samples were routinely examined at 18 enzymes comprising 28 putative allozyme loci. Significant genetic differentiation (P < 0.001) was detected between Trondheimsfjord herring and all other samples, with apparent genetic homogeneity among remaining samples, including the Balsfjord; a region shown previously to contain an allozymically distinct population. Herring from the Balsfjord were shown allozymically to represent the Norwegian spring spawning group, suggesting the presence of two stocks, a deeper resident spawning (Balsfjord) and a shallower, non-native feeding population (Norwegian spring spawning). Variation at the ND5/6 genes using six restriction enzymes revealed 96 composite haplotypes in 196 fish. Mean haplotype diversity was high (0.92), though nucleotide divergence between samples was small (highest=0.00029, between Trondheimsfjord and Balsfjord samples; lowest=0.00003, between Icelandic summer and Balsfjord samples). Monte-Carlo %2 analysis of haplotype frequencies revealed no significant geographic heterogeneity among samples, thus revealing a discordant pattern of genetic differentiation produced by allozymes and mtDNA markers. The detection of a genetically divergent population in deeper waters of the Trondheimsfjord supports the existence of distinct deep-water resident populations in the Norwegian fjords.

Allozyme variation in populations of Lacerta raddei and Lacerta nairensis (Sauria: Lacertidae) from Armenia

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene E. Upton ◽  
Felix D. Danielyan ◽  
Michèle L. Bobyn ◽  
Ilya S. Darevsky ◽  
Robert W. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractLacertca raddei and Lacerta nairensis have been recognized as two separate species based on morphology and behavior, and each has been implicated as a sexual parent of different parthenogenetic forms. However, recent mitochondrial DNA work failed to distinguish these two as separate species. We examined genetic diversity at 36 allozyme loci from six populations of L. nairensis and four populations of L. raddei. There were no fixed allelic differences between the two. Mean heterozygosity was slightly higher among populations of L. raddei than among populations of L. nairensis. A Distance Wagner phenogram showed that the northernmost population of L. raddei clustered with the L. nairensis populations; the other L. raddei populations clustered together. We suggest that L. raddei and L. nairensis may not be separate species, a finding which has important implications for determining the origins of some parthenogenetic Lacerta.

Population structure of the Australian gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus GÜnther) inferred from allozymes, mitochondrial DNA and vertebrae counts

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Gardner ◽  
R. D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Allozyme Loci

The gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus) is the main target of southern Australian shark fisheries. Its stock structure was investigated through allozymes (up to 28 loci), mitochondrial DNA (up to 10 restriction enzymes) and vertebrae counts. The average heterozygosity per allozyme locus (0.099) and degree of polymorphism (0.255) was high for sharks. Composite mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity (0.534) and mean nucleotide sequence diversity (0.16%) were also moderately high. Three of the seven polymorphic allozyme loci (CK-A*, LDH-1*, PEP*) and the mtDNA haplotypes showed significant spatial differentiation. Two genetic stocks were identified: one along the southern coast of Australia from Bunbury in Western Australia to Eden in New South Wales and one off northern New South Wales (in the region of Newcastle to Clarence River). There was some evidence for a third stock off Townsville, Queensland. The northern occurrences extend the known geographical range of this species. Vertebrae counts from Eden northwards increased, supporting the conclusion of population heterogeneity off eastern Australia.

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