Geographical variation in breeding chronology of Germain’s swiftlet (Aerodramus inexpectatus germani) in southern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Nutjarin Petkliang ◽  
George A. Gale ◽  
Dianne H. Brunton ◽  
Sara Bumrungsri
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Variation ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Nestling Feeding ◽  
Insect Biomass

The Germain’s swiftlet (Aerodramus inexpectatus germani) feeds on flying insects whose distribution and abundance are influenced by climatic conditions, especially rainfall. In turn, insect availability influences the onset of breeding by swiftlets, hence regions with different climatic conditions such as the west and the east coasts of peninsular Thailand should differ in swiftlet breeding chronology. Here we aimed to determine the variation in breeding chronology between the west and east coast colonies and relate this to insect availability. For each side of the peninsula, at least 40 breeding pairs were continuously observed (July 2014 to October 2015), using ‘internet protocol’ infrared cameras installed inside four commercial swiftlet houses. Flying insects were trapped every two weeks using sticky traps at three permanent stations within major foraging habitats. The onset of breeding in the western colonies was earlier than in the eastern colonies. These significant differences were explained by rainfall and food availability that showed synchrony between the nestling feeding period and peaks in insect biomass. Rainfall of 100–300mm month−1 overlapped with peak breeding and peak insect biomass. These findings have significant implications for the sustainability of swiftlet nest harvesting and demonstrate that, to minimise negative reproductive outcomes for swiftlets where nests are harvested, the timing of harvesting should consider regional climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Changes in glacier dynamics in the northern Antarctic Peninsula since 1985

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Seehaus ◽  
Alison J. Cook ◽  
Aline B. Silva ◽  
Matthias Braun
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
The West ◽  
Ice Dynamics

Abstract. The climatic conditions along the northern Antarctic Peninsula have shown significant changes within the last 50 years. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of temporally and spatially detailed observations of the changes in ice dynamics along both the east and west coastlines of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Temporal evolutions of glacier area (1985–2015) and ice surface velocity (1992–2014) are derived from a broad multi-mission remote sensing database for 74 glacier basins on the northern Antarctic Peninsula ( <  65° S along the west coast and north of the Seal Nunataks on the east coast). A recession of the glaciers by 238.81 km2 is found for the period 1985–2015, of which the glaciers affected by ice shelf disintegration showed the largest retreat by 208.59 km2. Glaciers on the east coast north of the former Prince Gustav Ice Shelf extent in 1986 receded by only 21.07 km2 (1985–2015) and decelerated by about 58 % on average (1992–2014). A dramatic acceleration after ice shelf disintegration with a subsequent deceleration is observed at most former ice shelf tributaries on the east coast, combined with a significant frontal retreat. In 2014, the flow speed of the former ice shelf tributaries was 26 % higher than before 1996. Along the west coast the average flow speeds of the glaciers increased by 41 %. However, the glaciers on the western Antarctic Peninsula revealed a strong spatial variability of the changes in ice dynamics. By applying a hierarchical cluster analysis, we show that this is associated with the geometric parameters of the individual glacier basins (hypsometric indexes, maximum surface elevation of the basin, flux gate to catchment size ratio). The heterogeneous spatial pattern of ice dynamic evolutions at the northern Antarctic Peninsula shows that temporally and spatially detailed observations as well as further monitoring are necessary to fully understand glacier change in regions with such strong topographic and climatic variances.

scholarly journals ENSO and Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events over the Contiguous United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried D. Schubert ◽  
Yehui Chang ◽  
Max J. Suarez ◽  
Philip J. Pegion
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
The West ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract In this study the authors examine the impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on precipitation events over the continental United States using 49 winters (1949/50–1997/98) of daily precipitation observations and NCEP–NCAR reanalyses. The results are compared with those from an ensemble of nine atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations forced with observed SST for the same time period. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the daily precipitation fields together with compositing techniques are used to identify and characterize the weather systems that dominate the winter precipitation variability. The time series of the principal components (PCs) associated with the leading EOFs are analyzed using generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions to quantify the impact of ENSO on the intensity of extreme precipitation events. The six leading EOFs of the observations are associated with major winter storm systems and account for more than 50% of the daily precipitation variability along the West Coast and over much of the eastern part of the country. Two of the leading EOFs (designated GC for Gulf Coast and EC for East Coast) together represent cyclones that develop in the Gulf of Mexico and occasionally move and/or redevelop along the East Coast producing large amounts of precipitation over much of the southern and eastern United States. Three of the leading EOFs represent storms that hit different sections of the West Coast (designated SW for Southwest coast, WC for the central West Coast, and NW for northwest coast), while another represents storms that affect the Midwest (designated by MW). The winter maxima of several of the leading PCs are significantly impacted by ENSO such that extreme GC, EC, and SW storms that occur on average only once every 20 years (20-yr storms) would occur on average in half that time under sustained El Niño conditions. In contrast, under La Niña conditions, 20-yr GC and EC storms would occur on average about once in 30 years, while there is little impact of La Niña on the intensity of the SW storms. The leading EOFs from the model simulations and their connections to ENSO are for the most part quite realistic. The model, in particular, does very well in simulating the impact of ENSO on the intensity of EC and GC storms. The main model discrepancies are the lack of SW storms and an overall underestimate of the daily precipitation variance.

scholarly journals Signs of gathering and fishing on the monuments of the Late Neolithic - Early Eneolithic of Karelia (based on the settlement of Vigainavolok I)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Tatyana Anatolyevna Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The West ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Lake Onega ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Determining Factors

The paper presents the study results of Vigainavolok I materials. This settlement is located on the west of Lake Onega in Karelia. The monument was investigated by G.A. Pankrushev in 1963-1966. Its area was 8,000 m. 26 buildings remains were revealed. The area of 2748 m was studied. The inventory collection includes more than 25 thousand pieces of ceramics and about 7 thousand pieces of stone, clay and metal. The buildings served as dwellings and workshops. The collection includes sinkers that are marked as direct signs of fishing. Favorable climatic conditions for the development in the forest zone, confined to the coast of a large body of water, settlement equipment, osteological materials of the Stone Age monuments characterize fishing as one of the determining factors in the life of the population.

scholarly journals RESEARCH CONCERNING THE CONTROL OF THE SPECIE Abrosia artemisifolia L.WITH THE HELP OF ERBICIDES

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hodisan ◽  
G. Morar ◽  
Cornelia Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The West ◽  
Great Production ◽  
Production Losses ◽  
Made In

Recent studies confirms the fact that Abrosia artemisifolia L. sin A.elatior., specie has spread from the west of the country to the central; and south areas, invading agricol crops, provoking great production losses if the intervention in not efficient and made in due time. In the present paper there are presented the effect of several tested herbicides in different phases of vegetation, in climatic conditions of 2006-2007.

Novel probabilistic dynamic safety metric formulations for flight path determination

2012 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Nesrin Sarigul-Klijn ◽  
Anthony White
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Safety Metrics

This article details a novel method for the determination of safe flight paths dynamically following an in-flight distress event. The method is based on probabilistic safety metrics which also include the touchdown and evacuation/rescue phases after landing. Two case studies simulating in-flight distress events, one from the west and the other from the east coast are presented using these formulations for a quantitative analysis. It is found that the nearest landing sites are not always the safest ones showing the benefits of the newly developed safety metrics. Finally, the path safety levels are plotted as a function of mission safety probability values using innovative polar plots that provide useful information to pilots.

scholarly journals The Tsakonian Dialect.—I

1913 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 133-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Scutt
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Northern Boundary ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
The Village

The area over which the Tsakonian dialect is spoken lies on the east coast of the Peloponnese between the Parnon range and the sea. Its northern boundary is roughly the torrent which, rising on Parnon above Kastánitsa, flows into the sea near Ayios Andréas, its southern the torrent which, also rising on Parnon, passes through Lenídhi to the sea. A mountain range stretches along the coast from end to end of the district, reaching its highest point (1114 metres) in Mt. Sevetíla above the village of Korakovúni. Between Tyrós and Pramateftí, the seaward slopes of this range are gentle and well covered with soil. Behind these coast hills there stretches a long highland plain, known as the Palaiókhora, which, in the north, is fairly well covered with soil, but gradually rises towards the south into a region of stony grazing land, and terminates abruptly in the heights above Lenídhi. The high hill of Oríonda rises out of the Palaiókhora to the west and forms a natural centre-point of the whole district. Behind it stretching up to the bare rock of Parnon, is rough hilly country, cut here and there by ravines and offering but rare patches of cultivable land.

‘Old Mobilities’? Transatlantic Women from the West of Ireland 1880s–1920s

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Walter
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The West ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
West Of Ireland

The ‘new mobilities paradigm’ set out by Sheller and Urry (2006) and others urges social scientists to centre many interlocking mobilities in their analyses of contemporary social change, challenging taken-for-granted sedentarism. Drawing on the example of Irish women's chain migration from small farms in the West of Ireland to the East coast of the USA in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this paper explores a longer history of high levels of mobility. Whilst migration lay at the heart of the movement, it encompassed a much wider range of movements of people, information and material goods. The ‘moorings’ of women in the their workplace-homes on rural farms and in urban domestic service constituted a gendered immobility, but migration also opened up new opportunities for intra-urban moves, circulatory Transatlantic journeys and upward social mobility. The materiality of such ‘old’ mobility provides an early baseline against which to assess the huge scale of rapidly-changing hyper-mobility and instantaneous communication in the twenty-first century.

RESEARCH ON PREMATURE INFANTS—SOME PERSPECTIVES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
S. Z. LEVINE
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Good Friend ◽  
The West ◽  
Clinical Research Center ◽  
Principle Investigator ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Many

THERE ARE A number of reasons why I appreciate deeply your invitation to join in these dedication exercises of the Clinical Research Center for Premature Infants. This Center for the care and study of premature infants extends to the West Coast a field of study in which I, on the East Coast, have been interested for many years. Equally gratifying is the circumstance that it will have Dr. Norman Kretchmer, my long-time colleague and good friend, as its Principle Investigator; and Dr. Sumner Yaffe, his distinguished associate, as its first Program Director. Under their direction and with a team of competent workers, with splendid facilities and an adequate budget, we are assured of imaginative exploration and new approaches to the many unknowns still awaiting solution.

Quantitative seismicity maps of India

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Kaila ◽  
V. K. Gaur ◽  
Hari Narain
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Active Zone ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
B Value ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
The West ◽  
Period Map ◽  
A Value

Abstract Using the Kaila and Narain (1971) method, three quantitative seismicity maps have been prepared for the Indian subcontinent which are compared with regional tectonics. These are the A-value map, the b-value map and the return-period map for earthquakes with magnitude 6 and above where A and b are the constants in the cumulative regression curve represented by log N = A - bM. The A-value seismicity map shows that India can be divided into two broad seismic zones, the northern seismically highly active zone and the southern moderately active zone. In the northern active zone, a number of seismic highs have been delineated such as the Pamir high, the northwest-southeast trending Srinagar-Almora high, the Shillong massif high, the Arakan Yoma high and the West Pakistan highs. These seismic highs are consistent with the Himalayan tectonic trends. Contrary to this, two seismic highs fall in the Tibet plateau region which align transversely to the main Himalayan trend. In the southern moderately active zone, two seismic highs are clearly discernible, the east and the west coast high, the latter being seismically more active than the former. The least active zone encompasses the Vindhyan syncline and the areas of Delhi and Aravalli folding. Between this zone and the east coast high lies another moderately active zone which encloses the Godavari graben, western part of the Mahanadi graben and the Chattisgarh depression. The b-value seismicity map also demarcates the same active zones as are brought out on the A-value map. The return-period map of India for earthquakes with magnitude 6 and above shows a minimum return period of 100 years in the Pamirs, about 130 years in the various seismic highs in the northern active zone, 180 years on the west coast high, 200 years on the east coast high and about 230 years in the least active Vindhyan-Aravalli zone and the Hyderabad-Kurnool area. These quantitative seismicity maps are also compared with the seismic zoning map of Indian Standards Institution and seismicity maps of India prepared by other workers.

A late Cisuralian (early Permian) brachiopod fauna from the Taungnyo Group in the Zwekabin Range, eastern Myanmar and its biostratigraphic, paleobiogeographic, and tectonic implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Hai-peng Xu ◽  
Kyi Pyar Aung ◽  
Yi-chun Zhang ◽  
G.R. Shi ◽  
Fu-long Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Brachiopod Fauna ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract The tectonic evolution of the Sibumasu Block during the Permian remains controversial, and Permian faunas and their paleobiogeographic affinities provide some insight into its paleogeographic and tectonic evolutionary histories. In this paper, a new brachiopod fauna dominated by Spinomartinia prolifica Waterhouse, 1981 is described from the uppermost part of the Taungnyo Group in the Zwekabin Range, eastern Myanmar. This brachiopod fauna includes 23 species and its age is well constrained as late Kungurian by the associated conodonts, i.e., Vjalovognathus nicolli Yuan et al., 2016 and Mesogondolella idahoensis (Youngquist, Hawley, and Miller, 1951), contrary to the late Sakmarian age given to the same brachiopod faunas previously reported from southern Thailand and Malaysia. Based on comprehensive comparisons of the Cisuralian brachiopod faunas and other data in different parts of the Sibumasu Block, we consider that they are better subdivided into two independent stratigraphic assemblages, i.e., the lower (earlier) Bandoproductus monticulus-Spirelytha petaliformis Assemblage of a Sakmarian to probably early Artinskian age, and the upper (younger) Spinomartinia prolifica-Retimarginifera alata Assemblage of a late Kungurian age. The former assemblage is a typical cold-water fauna, mainly composed of Gondwanan-type genera, e.g., Bandoproductus Jin and Sun, 1981, Spirelytha Fredericks, 1924, and Sulciplica Waterhouse, 1968. The latter assemblage is strongly characterized by an admixture of both Cathaysian and Gondwanan elements, as well as some genera restricted to the Cimmerian continents. Notably, the spatial distribution pattern of these two separate brachiopod assemblages varies distinctly. The Sakmarian cold-water brachiopod faunas have been found in association with glacial-marine diamictites throughout the Sibumasu Block including both the Irrawaddy and Sibuma blocks. In contrast, the Kungurian biogeographically mixed brachiopod faunas are only recorded in the Irrawaddy Block, unlike the Sibuma Block that contains a contemporaneous paleotropical Tethyan fusuline fauna. Thus, it appears likely that by the end of Cisuralian (early Permian), the Sibumasu Block comprised the Irrawaddy Block in the south with cool climatic conditions, and the Sibuma Block in the north with a temperate to warm-water environment, separated by the incipient Thai-Myanmar Mesotethys.

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