Recruitment failure in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri (Osteichthyes:Dipnoi), in south-east Queensland

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Anne Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Poor Recruitment ◽  
Australian Lungfish

Changes to the environment of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, are associated with loss of recruitment of young lungfish to the adult population. Eggs laid by poorly fed adults lack volatile fatty acids and fail to develop normally. Problems in young fish first appeared in some specimens collected at Fernvale on the Brisbane River during a drought, when food supplies in the river began to fail. In 2016, after poor recruitment for several years, hatchlings from Lake Samsonvale were able to feed, and reached advanced stages in the laboratory, after a moderate amount of food for parent lungfish appeared in the lake during the summer before the 2016 spawning season. However, all died after 14 months. Lungs, intestines and nervous systems in the juveniles were anomalous, and would have precluded continued development in the wild. Survival of several young to juvenile stages in the laboratory does not mean that survival and recruitment to the adult population in the wild will follow.

scholarly journals Rare Adult Subtype of Rhabdomyosarcoma, a Common Childhood Soft Tissue Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110422
Author(s):  
Manasa Dondapati ◽  
Jonathan Vincent M. Reyes ◽  
Saad Ahmad ◽  
Aaron S. Stern ◽  
Joseph J. Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma of primitive mesenchymal cells, showing varying degrees of striated skeletal muscle cell differentiation. It is a very common cancer of childhood and adolescence, but rarely seen in the adult population. Here, we present a case of a 33-year-old male presented with a poorly differentiated desmin positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the left arm. The prognosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is very poor, frequently detected at advanced stages or with metastases. The alveolar subtype in particular has been found to have a more aggressive course with a high rate of metastasis. Recent studies have shown that using pediatric treatment guidelines resulted in better survival outcomes and local control, but the survival rates are still below that of the pediatric population. Newer studies are looking into using specific molecular markers for more targeted therapy in hopes of further improving survival rates in the adult population.

scholarly journals The Teletalker – A Design Researcher’s Tool to Explore Intergenerational Online Video Connectivity in-the-Wild

Societies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Marianne Markowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Computer Literate ◽  
The University

Although a fair amount of research around older adults’ perception of digital technology exists, there is only a moderate amount of research investigating older people’s reactions and sense-making in real-world contexts with emerging digital tools. This paper reports on the constructivist research approach used by the author, which initiated co-production with participants to gather older and younger adults’ reactions towards digital video connectivity during a series of design research interventions. For this, the author had built a research tool, the Teletalker kiosks (TT), which connected two locations using digital live video to provide a ‘window into the other space’. Participants, if they wished, could activate the volume with a designed mechanism aimed at non-computer literate people, which was used in order to speak to each other. The three connections were between an older people’s charity day centre and the university, between two locations at the university, and between two-day centres in the U.K. The returns collected revealed overall positive reactions towards video connectivity by younger adults and mixed reactions by older adults. The design for the volume mechanism did not work as expected for both groups. The interventions also brought out opinions and conformity dynamics within groups of older adults and attitudes by younger audiences towards older people. More research is needed to understand these reactions and attitudes in comparable contexts.

Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African sheep, goats, Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle and impala

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Hoppe ◽  
S. A. Qvortrup ◽  
M. H. Woodford
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
East African ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
In The Wild

SummaryThe relationship between the selected food and rumen fermentation was investigated in Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle, impala and Maasai haired sheep and goats. All animals were shot in the same grass-bushland area within 1 week during the dry season.According to rumen contents, sheep were almost exclusively grazers. In goats, Thomson's gazelle and impala, grass accounted for about 70% of all plant parts identified. In Grant's gazelle, browse includingAcaciaseed constituted 68% of rumen ingesta. The two gazelle species showed a very marked preference for green grass leaves.In sheep and goat rumens, concentrations of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids, andin vitrofermentation rates (262 and 272 μmoles gasNTPD/g D.M./h, respectively) were lowest. In the wild ruminants, concentrations of fermentation end-products were higher and the rate of fermentation significantly (P< 0·05) faster, namely 420 in Thomson's gazelle, 356 in Grant's gazelle and 376 in impala. Rumen pH was not significantly different between species, with mean values ranging between 6·3 and 6·0. Total VFA concentrations ranged between 124 and 178 m-equiv/1 in the rumen and around 25 m-equiv/1 in the abomasum. Acetic acid accounted for about 75% of the total VFAs.It is concluded that there are large differences in the pattern of rumen fermentation between wild and domestic mixed-feeding ruminants which reflect their respective food preferences.

scholarly journals Population Viability of Endangered Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker and the Effects of Assisted Rearing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh E. Rasmussen ◽  
Evan S. Childress
Keyword(s):  
Population Viability ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Upper Klamath Lake ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Klamath Basin ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Klamath Lake

Abstract The Lost River Sucker Deltistes luxatus and Shortnose Sucker Chasmistes brevirostris are two narrowly endemic fish species in the upper Klamath Basin of southern Oregon and northern California. Both species have been federally listed as endangered pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act since 1988 because of dramatic declines in abundance and distribution. In Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, both species have only recruited a single cohort to the adult populations since that time. Most individuals in this population are at or older than the expected life span of the species. Consequently, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Klamath Tribes have initiated assisted rearing efforts to stabilize the population. However, it is unclear how quickly these populations might become extirpated and how assisted rearing might alter population trajectories. We modeled the potential for extinction and recovery of the populations of endangered Lost River Sucker and Shortnose Sucker in Upper Klamath Lake. We simulated population trajectories over the next 50 y with a stochastic population viability assessment approach. Projections indicate that if population trajectories do not change, the Shortnose Sucker population may decline by 78% to number &lt; 5,000 in 10 y and become completely extirpated within the next 30 (18.6% probability) to 40 y (99% probability). The two Lost River Sucker populations have a greater likelihood to remain extant after 50 y, with only 1% probability of extinction given our scenarios and assumptions, but the populations are likely to number fewer than 1,000 individuals. Our results also suggest that rearing of Klamath Lake sucker species in a controlled environment for augmenting the natural population will be effective in reducing extirpation probabilities over the next 50 y if survival to recruitment can be achieved, but a long-term effort of at least 40 y will be required. The necessity of long-term augmentation to ensure population persistence in the absence of natural recruitment underscores the urgent need to determine and address the causes of recruitment failure in the wild.

scholarly journals Ester-Producing Mechanism of Ethanol O-acyltransferaseEHT1Gene inPichia pastorisfrom Shanxi Aged Vinegar

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jia Chen ◽  
Ruipeng Nan ◽  
Rufu Wang ◽  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Methyl Nonanoate

The ethanol O-acyltransferaseEHT1is an important element of key signaling pathways and is widely expressed in yeast strains. In this study, we investigated the expression ofEHT1 in the overexpression lines or knockout system ofPichia pastorisusing qRT-PCR and western blotting. The amount of total protein was determined using the Bradford method; the esterase activity was determined using p-nitrophenyl acetate as a substrate, and the production of volatile fatty acids in wild-type, knockout, and over-expression systems was detected using SPME GC-MS. The esterase activity ofEHT1-knockoutP. pastoriswas significantly lower than that in wild type (P<0.01), and the activities of esterase in threeEHT1-overexpressing strains—OE-1, OE-2, and OE-3—were significantly higher than those in wild type (P<0.01). In theEHT1-knockout strain products, the contents of nine volatile fatty acids were significantly lower than those in wild type (P<0.01), and the relative percentages of three fatty acids, methyl nonanoate, methyl decanoate, and ethyl caprate, were significantly lower than those in the other six species in the wild-type and knockout groups (P<0.05). The nine volatile fatty acids in the fermentation products of the overexpressedEHT1 gene were significantly higher than those in the wild-type group (P<0.01). The relative percentages of the three fatty acid esters, methyl nonanoate, methyl caprate, and ethyl caprate, were significantly higher than those in the other six species (P<0.05).EHT1 plays an important regulatory role in esterase activity and the production of medium-chain volatile fatty acids.

scholarly journals Variance in the reproductive success of flat oyster Ostrea edulis L. assessed by parentage analyses in natural and experimental conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. LALLIAS ◽  
N. TARIS ◽  
P. BOUDRY ◽  
F. BONHOMME ◽  
S. LAPÈGUE
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Flat Oyster ◽  
Variance In Reproductive Success

SummaryIn order to document further the phenomena of variance in reproductive success in natural populations of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis, two complementary studies based on natural and experimental populations were conducted. The first part of this work was focused on paternity analyses using a set of four microsatellite markers for larvae collected from 13 brooding females sampled in Quiberon Bay (Brittany, France). The number of individuals contributing as the male parent to each progeny assay was highly variable, ranging from 2 to more than 40. Moreover, paternal contributions showed a much skewed distribution, with some males contributing to 50–100% of the progeny assay. The second part of this work consisted of the analysis of six successive cohorts experimentally produced from an acclimated broodstock (62 wild oysters sampled in the Quiberon Bay). Allelic richness was significantly higher in the adult population than in the temporal cohorts collected. Genetic differentiation (Fst estimates) was computed for each pair of samples and all significant values ranged from 0·7 to 11·9%. A limited effective number of breeders (generally below 25) was estimated in the six temporal cohorts. The study gives first indications of the high variance in reproductive success as well as a reduced effective size, not only under experimental conditions but also in the wild. Surprisingly, the pool of the successive cohorts, based on the low number of loci used, appeared to depict a random and representative set of alleles of the progenitor population, indicating that the detection of patterns of temporal genetic differentiation at a local scale most likely depends on the sampling window.

On the Spawning and Nursery Grounds of Bass, Dicentrarchus Labrax, in the Plymouth Area

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Dando ◽  
Necla Demir
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Nursery Ground ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Tamar Estuary ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
History Of

Despite concern over declining catches of bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), and disagreement over the cause, overfishing or erratic year classes (Kennedy & Fitzmaurice, 1972; Holden & Williams, 1974; Kelley, 1979), little is known of the early life history of this fish in the wild. Only occasional post-larvae have been recorded previously in young fish collections off Plymouth (Russell, 1935). These were caught between March and June, 2–24 km offshore and commonly below 20 m. The marine spawning grounds in the Plymouth area are unknown. Although Kennedy & Fitzmaurice (1968) found bass eggs at Splaugh Rock and Youghal Harbour on the south coast of Ireland and Barnabé (1978) observed spawning near the breakwater at Sète in the Gulf of Lions, bass eggs have not previously been found near Plymouth. Hartley (1940) recorded the growth and diet of bass in the Tamar Estuary. He noted that adults were very rare in the estuary which was used only as a nursery ground for this species.

Microbial Activity in the Forestomach of Free-Living Macropodid Marsupials - Comparisons With Laboratory Studies

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Dellow ◽  
ID Hume ◽  
RTJ Clarke ◽  
T Bauchop
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Parameters of fermentative digestion were measured in five species of macropodid marsupials shot while feeding in the wild. These included details of microbiota, fermentation products (volatile fatty acids, gas, ammonia) and forestomach digesta pH. Ciliate protozoa and fungi, similar to anaerobic rumen fungi, were present in the forestomach of all species except Thylogale thetis. The bacterial flora was complex and numbers were similar to those in the ruminant forestomach. The forestomach gas contained more methane than found previously in captive macropodids, and in Wallabia bicolor hydrogen was present at 10- 11% of total gas. The pH of forestomach digesta was 5.7-6.7, indicative of animals actively feeding. Comparisons of stomach fill, ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and molar proportions, and rates of VFA production in the forestomach and hindgut, indicated that conclusions on digestive function in macropodids derived from studies on captive animals are generally applicable to free-living macropodids. The main differences probably lie in greater levels of feed intake in the field, and in greater opportunity for free-living macropodids to select from a more heterogeneous diet.

Abnormal development in embryos and hatchlings of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, from two reservoirs in south-east Queensland

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Normal Movement ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Plants ◽  
Food Potential ◽  
Natural Rivers ◽  
Australian Lungfish

Few of the localities currently inhabited by the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, are in pristine condition. Most populations of wild lungfish in south-east Queensland are now isolated in reservoirs. The barriers formed by the building of dams and weirs across natural rivers separate lungfish groups from each other, cut across possible pathways for normal movement in the environment, and have additional and more serious effects. Water levels in reservoirs fluctuate in spring when lungfish are spawning, and do not allow dense stands of submerged aquatic plants to become established. Lungfish need these plants as sites for oviposition, and newly hatched young need them as refuges and sources of food. Potential recruitment of young lungfish in reservoir populations faces another threat, that of anomalous development of the embryos, hatchlings and juveniles, severe enough to kill many embryos within days of oviposition, and destroy the young fish before they are more than a few months old. Similar anomalies are not present in young fish from a river environment raised under identical conditions. Reasons for poor development, which has now been found in two reservoirs, may be related to the diet of the adult lungfish, and possibly to genetic factors.

scholarly journals Mechanoreceptors and Minimal Reflex Activity Determining Claw Laterality In Developing Lobsters

1992 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
C. K. GOVIND ◽  
JOANNE PEARCE
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Reflex Activity ◽  
Chordotonal Organ ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Bilateral Asymmetry ◽  
Intact Side ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Juvenile Stages

Bilateral asymmetry of the paired claws of the lobster Homarus americanus is determined during the fourth and fifth juvenile stages by differential reflex activity; the side with the greater activity becomes the crusher while the contralateral side becomes the cutter. Juvenile lobsters reared during this critical period with a substratum that could not be grasped or with reduced input from predominantly internal mechanoreceptors (proprioceptors) (achieved by cutting the dactyl and its chordotonal organ or by tenotomizing the claw opener or closer muscles) failed to develop a crusher claw and hence remained bilaterally symmetrical: they developed paired cutter claws. Therefore, the proprioceptive component of the reflex activity is implicated in bringing about the initial lateralization of the claw ganglion into a crusher and a cutter side. Moreover, lobsters with a single claw reared without a substratum developed a crusher on the intact side only if the intact claw was exercised. In the unexercised condition, differences in reflex activity between the side with a claw and the side without one were insufficient for the development of a crusher claw on the intact side. A minimal amount of reflex activity is necessary for the development of a crusher. Lobsters reared with this minimal amount of activity in both claws developed asymmetrical claws rather than paired crusher claws. This means that initial lateralization of the claw ganglion into a crusher side, on a random basis, inhibited the opposite side from also becoming a crusher. This would explain why we failed to produce lobsters with paired crusher claws and why they were seldom found in the wild.

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