Treatment Options for Depression: Women and Primary Service Providers

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Hood ◽  
Ronnie Egan ◽  
Heather Gridley ◽  
Christine Brew
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Primary Service

A substantive quantitative research literature base exists exploring aspects of treatment for depression. Major themes to emerge from this literature include the use of general practitioners (GPs) in preference to psychiatrists for treatment and the negative public attitudes toward the use of pharmacological treatment strategies for depression. The study reported in this paper utilises a qualitative methodology to explore the experiences and attitudes of women currently being treated for depression. Specifically the paper focusses on the women's attitudes toward psychological versus medical treatment options for the disorder. Attitudes toward treatment modalities of medical and non-medical primary service providers are also investigated. Several significant findings emerged from the study. Women interviewed expressed a sense of personal responsibility for both the occurrence and management of depression.Consequent to this belief psychosocial interventions were critical to 'getting well'. Medication was viewed positively by all women, not as a treatment for depression, rather as a means of relieving the extreme symptoms of the illness, therefore providing space for psychosocial interventions. Medical and non-medical service providers expressed an acceptance of the need for integrating psychological and pharmacological treatment strategies though all providers acknowledged their lack of skills in incorporating treatments outside of their professional training. The study provides insight into the belief structures which influence participants' behaviours, presenting a less polarised view of attitudes toward psychological and pharmacological interventions than suggested by the current quantitative literature.

scholarly journals Molecular Subtypes and Precision Oncology in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Carolin Czauderna ◽  
Martha M. Kirstein ◽  
Hauke C. Tews ◽  
Arndt Vogel ◽  
Jens U. Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 ◽  
Liver Cancers

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are the second-most common primary liver cancers. CCAs represent a group of highly heterogeneous tumors classified based on anatomical localization into intra- (iCCA) and extrahepatic CCA (eCCA). In contrast to eCCA, the incidence of iCCA is increasing worldwide. Curative treatment strategies for all CCAs involve oncological resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in early stages, whereas chemotherapy is administered at advanced stages of disease. Due to late diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and limited treatment options, the prognosis of patients remains poor. Comprehensive molecular characterization has further revealed considerable heterogeneity and distinct prognostic and therapeutic traits for iCCA and eCCA, indicating that specific treatment modalities are required for different subclasses. Several druggable alterations and oncogenic drivers such as fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene fusions and hotspot mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations have been identified. Specific inhibitors have demonstrated striking antitumor activity in affected subgroups of patients in phase II and III clinical trials. Thus, improved understanding of the molecular complexity has paved the way for precision oncological approaches. Here, we outline current advances in targeted treatments and immunotherapeutic approaches. In addition, we delineate future perspectives for different molecular subclasses that will improve the clinical care of iCCA patients.

Treatment Innovations of Opiate Dependence Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
W. van den Brink
Keyword(s):  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Oral Morphine ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Opiate Dependence ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
List Type ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
New Treatment

Opiate dependence is a serious psychiatric disorder with substantial suffering for the patient, his environment and society as a whole. Currently available treatments include abstinence oriented treatment with naltrexone and substitutian treatments with methadone and buprenorphine. However, treatment compliance with naltrexone is very low resulting in low effectiveness. In addition, existing substituation treatments only show moderate effectiveness resulting in a large number of patients showing continued drug use and serious psychological, somatic and functional impairment.New treatment strategies involve:a.the development of long acting opiate antagonists (naltrexone) and partial agonist (buprenorphine) to improve treatment compliance and treatment retention,b.new substitution options such as slow release oral morphine (SROM), oral diacetylmorphine (heroin) and inhalable and injectable diacetyl morphine (heroin assisted treatment: HAT).Recently, a new approach using neurosurgical and neuromodulatory techniques has been advocated to help treatment refractory opiate dependent patients. Finally, certain combinations of farmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions have shown promise for future improvements.This presentation reviews the evidence of existing treatments for opiate dependence and explores the new treatment options for patients not fully responsive to the existing treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Repurposed pharmacological agents for the potential treatment of COVID-19: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kröker ◽  
Madara Tirzīte
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
The World

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world extraordinarily. This disease has a potential to cause a significantly severe course of disease leading to respiratory complications, multiple organ failure and possibly death. In the fight against this pandemic-causing disease, medical professionals around the world are searching for pharmacological agents that could treat and prevent disease progression and mortality. To speed the search of promising treatment options, already existing pharmacological agents are repurposed for the potential treatment of COVID-19 and tested in clinical trials. The aim of this literature review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of repurposed pharmacological agents for the treatment of COVID-19 at different pathophysiologic stages of the disease. For this literature review, online-databases PubMed and Google Scholar were utilised. Keywords “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “pathogenesis”, “drug targets”, “pharmacological treatment”, “cytokine storm”, “coagulopathy” and individual drug names were used. Scientific articles, including reviews, clinical trials, and observational cohorts, were collected and analysed. Furthermore, these articles were examined for references to find more clinical trials testing for the potential treatment of COVID-19. In total, 97 references were used to conduct this research paper. Results The most beneficial pharmacological agent for the treatment of COVID-19 are corticosteroids, especially dexamethasone, for the treatment of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Other promising agents are remdesivir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring minimal supplemental oxygen therapy, and IL-6 receptor antagonist monoclonal antibodies in severe COVID-19. Lopinavir/ritonavir, as well as chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin demonstrate the least efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. The clinical benefits of the treatment of a COVID-19-specific coagulopathy with increased dosing of anticoagulation need further research and confirmation of randomised controlled trials. Conclusion The search for pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 has elicited great controversy. Whereas drugs like chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir have not shown proven benefit, the agents remdesivir and dexamethasone are recommended for clinical use for the treatment of COVID-19. Further randomised trials for other pharmacological treatment strategies are awaited.

Integrative Sexual Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Weil
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Integrative Medicine ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Sexual Problems ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Clinical Specialist

Integrative Sexual Health explores beyond the standard topics in men’s and women’s health, drawing on a very rich and diverse research literature. Books on sexuality typically are for the clinical specialist and cite only focally relevant research, or are geared to lay knowledge and cite almost no research. Integrative Sexual Health provides an overview of sexual biology and sexual dysfunction, diverse lifespan, lifestyle, and environmental impacts on sexual function, applies complementary and integrative medicine solutions to sexual problems, and offers traditional Eastern and Western treatment approaches to resolving sexual difficulties. Written by diverse integratively trained experts in sexuality, psychology, psychiatry, and other medical specialties. Integrative Sexual Health includes clinical vignettes, detailed treatment strategies for mitigating the side effects of medications, and sexual dysfunction associated with medical illness and poor lifestyle habits, as well as citing extensive research and further resources. Integrative treatment modalities not typically consulted in mainstream sexual medicine, such as traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, aromatherapy, and botanical medicine are presented with the best available evidence, in a clinically relevant manner. This volume in the Weil Integrative Medicine Library will be valuable to the specialist and non-specialist alike, who seek to understand and treat sexual problems using an integrative medicine approach, and acquire tools to help patients maintain lifetime optimal general health and vitality that supports healthy sexuality.

scholarly journals Alcohol-Induced Neuropathy in Chronic Alcoholism: Causes, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Iga Dudek ◽  
Danuta Hajduga ◽  
Cezary Sieńko ◽  
Amr Maani ◽  
Elżbieta Sitarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Purpose of the Review Alcohol abuse causes a wide range of disorders that affect the nervous system. These include confusion, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive impairment. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is the primary cause of peripheral neuropathy. It is worth noting that peripheral neuropathy has no reliable treatment due to the poor understanding of its pathology. Recent Findings Coasting is a major feature of alcoholic neuropathy, largely due to chronic alcohol abuse. Its major features are hyperalgesia, allodynia, and burning pain. Even though much research was done in this area, still we do not have a full understanding of the mechanism of alcoholic neuropathy. However, some theories have been proposed. These include direct or indirect effects of alcohol metabolites, impaired axonal transport, suppressed excitatory nerve pathway activity, or imbalance in neurotransmitters. Activation of spinal cord microglia, mGlu5 spinal cord receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis also seem to be implicated in the pathophysiology of this alcoholic neuropathy. The goal of treatment is to impede further damage to the peripheral nerves while also restoring their normal physiology. Alcohol abstinence, intake of balanced diets, and treatment with medications are suggested including benfotiamine, alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl-l-carnitine, vitamin E, methylcobalamin, myo-inositol, N-acetylcysteine, capsaicin, tricyclic antidepressants, or antiepileptic drugs. Summary This review focuses on the many pathways that play a role in the onset and development of alcohol-induced neuropathy, as well as present the possible treatment strategies of this disorder, providing insights into a further search of new treatment modalities.

Hemodynamics Associated With Intracerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: The Effects of Treatment Modalities

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernard S Fennell ◽  
Nikolay L Martirosyan ◽  
Gursant S Atwal ◽  
M Yashar S Kalani ◽  
Francisco A Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Changes Over Time

Abstract The understanding of the physiology of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) continues to expand. Knowledge of the hemodynamics of blood flow associated with AVMs is also progressing as imaging and treatment modalities advance. The authors present a comprehensive literature review that reveals the physical hemodynamics of AVMs, and the effect that various treatment modalities have on AVM hemodynamics and the surrounding cortex and vasculature. The authors discuss feeding arteries, flow through the nidus, venous outflow, and the relative effects of radiosurgical monotherapy, endovascular embolization alone, and combined microsurgical treatments. The hemodynamics associated with intracranial AVMs is complex and likely changes over time with changes in the physical morphology and angioarchitecture of the lesions. Hemodynamic change may be even more of a factor as it pertains to the vast array of single and multimodal treatment options available. An understanding of AVM hemodynamics associated with differing treatment modalities can affect treatment strategies and should be considered for optimal clinical outcomes.

Cancer Drug Delivery

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-95
Author(s):  
Jai N. Patel ◽  
Jeryl Villadolid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Cancer Drug Delivery

Advancements in cancer drug delivery have led to the development of personalized oncology care through molecularly-driven targeted therapies. Understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms which drive tumor progression and resistance is critical in managing new treatment strategies which have shifted from empiric to biomarker-directed therapy selection. Biomarker-directed therapies have improved clinical outcomes in multiple malignancies as monotherapy and in combination with other treatment modalities, however the changing scope of treatment options presents new opportunities and challenges for research. Furthermore, pharmacogenetics may provide a rationale method of personalizing anticancer drug dosing and supportive care management for oncology patients. This chapter reviews biomarker classifications and pharmacogenetics in anticancer therapy and supportive care. Examples of biomarker-directed therapies and clinical assays, in addition to future directions of molecular profiling in oncology therapy management are discussed.

Non-pharmacological treatment options for refractory epilepsy: An overview of human treatment modalities and their potential utility in dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Martlé ◽  
Luc Van Ham ◽  
Robrecht Raedt ◽  
Kristl Vonck ◽  
Paul Boon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Potential Utility

Pharmacological treatment strategies for patients with monogenic obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 967-973
Author(s):  
Peter Kühnen ◽  
Susanna Wiegand ◽  
Heike Biebermann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Melanocortin Signaling ◽  
Recent Research Progress

AbstractThe leptin melanocortin signaling pathway is playing a pivotal role for body weight regulation. Genetic defects within this cascade are leading to severe hyperphagia and early onset obesity. In most cases, due to persistent hyperphagia the affected patients are not able to stabilize body weight for a longer period of time with conservative treatment strategies based on lifestyle interventions. Therefore, it is of importance to implement alternative treatment options for these patients. This review provides an overview about the published pharmacological treatment attempts in respect to monogenic forms of obesity and summarizes recent research progress about the role of MC4R signaling and POMC derivatives for body weight regulation.

Modified Thermoplastic Plate: A New Proposal for Correction of Exaggerated Overbite in Mixed Dentition

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111
Author(s):  
MM Pithon ◽  
LP Alves ◽  
GO Alves ◽  
NS Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Normal Condition ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Root Cause

Exaggerated overbite can be corrected by several treatment modalities. As the primary objective is to correct the problem by addressing its root cause, treatment options are closely related to etiology. Therefore, the main treatment strategies are: the extrusion of posterior teeth, intrusion of teeth (maxillary/mandibular) or the combination of these. The purpose of this paper is to describe the fabrication of a modified thermoplastic plate (MTP) for correction of exaggerated overbite in mixed dentition and describe a clinical case treated with this device. MTP favored the extrusion of posterior teeth, in addition to being shown to be a device that was easy to manufacture and effective in the treatment of excessive overbite, enabling patients to return to normal condition during the development of occlusion.

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