scholarly journals Peripartal Rumen-Protected L-Carnitine Manipulates the Productive and Blood Metabolic Responses in High-Producing Holstein Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Hassan Kargar ◽  
Sadjad Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Ali Javadmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aimed to monitor the effect of including rumen-protected L-carnitine (Carneon 20 Rumin-Pro, Kaesler Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) in the transition diet on the productive and metabolic responses of multiparous high-producing Holstein dairy cows. Thirty-two multiparous cows were allocated in a completely randomized design to receive the same diet plus 60 g fat prill containing 85% palmitic acid (control, n = 16) or 100 g rumen-protected L-carnitine (RLC, n = 16); at 28 days before expected calving until 28 days in milk (DIM). Fat prill was included in the control diet to balance the palmitic acid content of both experimental diets. Milk production over the 28 DIM for the control and RLC groups was 46.5 and 47.7 kg, respectively. Milk fat content tended to increase upon rumen-protected L-carnitine inclusion (p = 0.1). Cows fed rumen-protected L-carnitine had higher fat- and energy-corrected milk compared with the control group. Pre- and post-partum administration of L-carnitine decreased both high- and low-density lipoprotein concentrations in peripheral blood of post-partum cows. The results of this study indicated that the concentration of triglycerides and beta-hydroxybutyrate was not significantly different between the groups, whereas the blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration was markedly decreased in cows supplemented with L-carnitine. Animals in the RLC group had a significant (p < 0.05) lower blood haptoglobin concentration at 7 and 14 DIM than the control. Animals in the RLC group had a lower concentration of blood enzymes than those of the control group. The mRNA abundance of Toll-like receptors 4, cluster of differentiation 14, and myeloid differential protein 2 did not significantly change upon the supplementation of L-carnitine in the transition diet. In summary, the dietary inclusion of RLC improved dairy cow's performance during the early lactation period. Greater production, at least in part, is driven by improved energy utilization efficiency and enhanced metabolic status in animals during the periparturient period.

Milk production, peripartal liver triglyceride concentration and plasma metabolites of dairy cows fed diets supplemented with calcium soaps or hydrogenated triglycerides of palm oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G Karcagi ◽  
Tibor Gaál ◽  
Piroska Ribiczey ◽  
Gyula Huszenicza ◽  
Ferenc Husvéth
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Triglyceride

The aim of the study was to test the effect of rumen-inert fat supplements of different chemical forms or containing different unsaturated/saturated (U/S) fatty acid contents on milk production, milk composition and liver and blood metabolic variables of high-yielding dairy cows in the peripartal period. Thirty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were divided into three equal groups and fed a corn silage-based diet, without fat supplementation (control) or supplemented with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (CAS; U/S=61/39) or with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of hydrogenated palm oil triglyceride (HTG; U/S=6/94). Each diet was fed from 25±2 d prior to the expected calving to 100±5 d post partum. Compared with the control, both CAS and HTG supplementation resulted in an increase of the average milk yield. Milk fat content and fat-corrected milk yield were higher in the HTG group but lower in the CAS group than in the control group. In all groups liver triglyceride concentrations (TGL) increased from 15 d prepartum to 5 d post partum, and then decreased thereafter. At 5 d TGL was lower in the HTG group than control or CAS cows. No significant differences were detected in TGL among dietary treatments at 15 d prepartum and 25 d post partum. Higher plasma glucose and insulin and lower non-esterified fattay acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase activity were measured in the HTG group than in the control or CAS groups at 5 d or 25 d post partum. Our results show that HTG may provide a better energy supply for high-yielding dairy cows in negative energy balance than CAS around calving.

Comparison between two preventive treatments for hyperketonaemia carried out pre-partum: effects on non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and some biochemical parameters during peripartum and early lactation

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Enrico Fiore ◽  
Laura Perillo ◽  
Matteo Gianesella ◽  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
Elisabetta Giudice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different preventive protocols, on serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration and liver health indices pre-partum and during early-lactation in high-yielding Holstein dairy cows. One hundred cows were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CTRL, n = 20, without preventive treatment), second group (SUPP, n = 40 animals treated with a compound based on acetyl-methionine, inositol, cyanocobalamin, l-alanine, l-arginine, l-threonine, l-glutamic acid supplementation and α-lipoic acid) and third group (MON, n = 40 animals treated with monensin). Blood samples were collected from all cows at on 3 occasions pre-partum and 3 occasions post-partum. Body condition (BCS) score was evaluated and glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHB, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin, total proteins, globulins, albumin and urea concentrations were assessed. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was applied. Statistically significant differences among the three experimental groups were found in the values of all studied parameters (P < 0.05). Our results confirm the established beneficial effect of MON treatment in decreasing BHB levels and increasing glucose availability after calving. Serum biochemical analysis revealed the expected post-partum alterations attributable to adaptations that influenced the metabolism and liver function in CTRL, whereas these alterations were reduced or absent in SUPP and MON. Results from the present study suggest that both preventive protocols, but in particular SUPP, could positively affect selected indicators of energy metabolism reducing the risk of hyperketonaemia and increase of liver function in Holstein dairy cows, both pre- and post-partum.

scholarly journals Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on health and performance of dairy cows during transition and early lactation period

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Bakr ◽  
M.S. Hassan ◽  
N.D. Giadinis ◽  
N. Panousis ◽  
D. Ostojic-Andric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation

Data concerning the effect of probiotics supplementation on many parameters concurrently at the same cows are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae feeding on rumen, blood and milk parameters together in highproducing dairy cattle during the transition and early lactation period. Sixteen clinically healthy Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups: a control group of 6 cows and a probiotics-fed group of 10 cows. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected 21 days before the expected calving as well as 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 daysin- milk (DIM). Milk yield for each animal was recorded every 2 weeks. Individual milk samples were collected 15, 30, 45 and 60 DIM. Ruminal pH and rumen ammonia nitrogen were significantly lower, whereas total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher in yeast-fed animals compared with controls throughout the study. Serum concentrations of total proteins and globulins were higher, while albumins were lower in the yeast-treated group. Serum glucose levels were significantly higher in yeast-supplemented animals. Serum triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins concentrations were lower, with cholesterol being significantly lower in the treated group. Milk production and milk fat percentage were higher, whereas milk protein percentage and somatic cell count were decreased in yeast-supplemented cows throughout the study. These results suggest that supplementation of S. cerevisiae to dairy cows rations during transition and early lactation period improve their health and milk production parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of propylene glycol supplementation on blood indicators of hepatic function, body condition score, milk fat-protein concentration and reproductive performance of dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviu Ionuţ Borş ◽  
Gheorghe Solcan ◽  
Alina Vlad-Sabie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of propylene glycol on metabolic variables of hepatic function, body condition score, milk fat-protein concentration and reproductive performance of dairy cows after ending administration. Postparturient dairy cows (n = 200) of Holstein Friesian breed were divided into two groups of 100 individuals. The experimental group received during days 0-7 post partum an oral daily dose of 600 ml of propylene glycol; the control group was without any supplement. The hepatic enzymes, glucose, cholesterol and serum albumin were measured on days 10-15, 45-50 and 70 post partum. Reproduction indicators of dairy cows were calculated from the farm recording data and the milk data record from a regular dairy control (days 10, 20, 30, and 50 post partum). Animals that received propylene glycol in the first 7 days post partum had reduced activities of aspartate transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, elevated cholesterol concentration (P < 0.05) and low milk fat percentage (P < 0.05) compared to control animals. Direct influence of propylene glycol drenching on the calving to first oestrus interval was observed, the smallest values being detected for the cows in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that some blood indicators of hepatic function, milk fat concentration and calving to first oestrus interval can be improved for 70 days post partum by the use of propylene glycol drenching in the first 7 days post partum. The beneficial effect of this treatment could be evaluated by easily available data, which can be used by practitioners in the field to analyze fertility problems in dairy herds and more exactly to examine whether metabolic stress, among other factors, is involved in the fertility problem.

scholarly journals O CLOPROSTENOL E O HORMÔNIO LIBERADOR DE GONADOTROFINAS NA PERFORMANCE REPRODUTIVA DE VACAS LEITEIRAS APÓS O PUERPÉRIO

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIZ ERNANDES KOZICKI ◽  
ROMILDO ROMUALDO WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

O propósito da presente pesquisa foi o de estudar a indução do estro após o período puerperal em vacas de leite Holstein. Um grupo de 50 vacas da raça Holstein, oriundas da região de Curitiba, foi utilizado neste experimento. Para tanto, esses animais foram divididos em três grupos. No 50o dia após o parto, Cloprostenol, Gonadorelina = GnRH = e soro fisiológico foram administrados por injeção intramuscular na seguinte ordem: ao grupo 1 (n = 24), 0.5 mgde Cloprostenol, ao grupo 2 (n = 14), 250 g de GnRH, e ao grupo 3 (n = 12) - grupo controle - 5 ml de soro fisiológico. Palpação retal foi levada a efeito em todos os animais no 42o/ 43o, no 50o = dia da administração das substãncias em estudo = e no 57o e no 64o dias post partum, a fim de conhecer as condições do útero e das funções ovarianas. Verificou-se que o Cloprostenol induz o estro more rapidamente do que o GnRH ou o placebo (p < 0.01). O índice de prenhez após a primeira e a segunda inseminações artificiais, quando sob a ação do Cloprostenol (84.5%) foi superior àquele que ocorreu com o GnRH (75%) ou com o placebo (67%), neste caso no grupo controle. O intervalo parto/prenhez no grupo do Cloprostenol foi menor (89 dias) doque no caso do GnRH (127.1 dias) ou do grupo controle (108.8 days). O número de animais que não responderam aos diferentes tratamentos foi menor no caso do grupo do Cloprostenol. Por outro lado o tratamento com GnRH mostrou-se mais eficiente (p < 0.05) do que o grupo controle com respeito à indução ao estro (18.6 e 43.5 dias, respectivamente). Os grupos do GnRH e do Cloprostenol revelaram índices maiores de estro silencioso (33.3 e 28.5%, respectivamente), diferente do que ocorreu com o grupo controle (16.6 %) (p < 0.05). Abstract The purpose of the present research work was to study estrus’ induction after the puerperal period in Holstein dairy cows. A herd of 50 Holstein dairy cows from the Curitiba’s region were used in this experiment. They were divided in three groups. At the 50th day post partum, Cloprostenol, Gonadorelin = GnRH = and saline solution were administered by intramuscular injection to group 1 (n = 24), 0.5 mg of Cloprostenol, to group 2 (n = 14), 250 g of GnRH, and to group 3 (n = 12), 5 ml of saline as placebo. Rectal palpation was performed in all animals on the 42/43rd, the 50th = the day of the intramuscular injection = and on the 57th and 64th day post partum, in order to know the uterus condition and the ovary’s functions. It has been found that Cloprostenol induces cow’s estrus more quickly than GnRH or the placebo (p < 0.01). The rate of pregnancy after the 1st and the 2nd artificial insemination, under Cloprostenol effect (84.5%) was greater than under GnRH (75%) or the placebo (67%) at the control group. The parturition/pregnancy interval in the Cloprostenol group was smaller (89 days) than in the GnRH (127.1 days) or in the control (108.8 days) groups. The number of animals that did not respond to the treatment was smaller in the Cloprostenol group. On the other hand, the GnRH group was more efficient (p < 0.05) than the control group on the estrus’ induction (18.6 versus 43.5 days, respectively). The GnRH and the Cloprostenol groups displayed higher rates of silent estrus (33.3 and 28.5%, respectively) than the control group (16.6 %) (p < 0.05).

Relationships among macro-minerals, other selected serum markers of bone profile and milk components of dairy cows during late-lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Mordak ◽  
Zbigniew Dobrzański ◽  
Robert Kupczyński
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Macro Mineral

AbstractTesting blood and milk parameters as well as analysing the relationships among these markers is very useful for monitoring the internal homeostasis and health in high-yielding dairy cows during various production periods. The aim of the study was to assess the correlations (relationships) among macro-minerals, such as calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), other selected bone profile markers, such as total protein (TP), albumin, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measured in serum and selected milk components such as number of somatic cells (SCC), colony-forming units (CFU), milk fat (MF), milk protein (MP), milk lactose (ML), dry matter (DM), non-fat dry matter (FDM) and milk production in late-lactation cows. Both blood and milk samples were collected from 11 clinically healthy milking cows during the late-lactation period. The cows were examined once a day for 3 consecutive days resulting in 33 sets of blood and milk samples for laboratory and statistical analysis. Significant correlations were observed between: Mg and MP, Mg and FDM, ALP and SCC, TP and SCC, TP and MP, TP and FDM, albumin and MP, albumin and FDM, P and Mg, Mg and albumin, and between TP and albumin. When monitoring macro-mineral homeostasis and mammary gland health, especially in intensively fed high-yielding dairy cows correlations between these markers should be considered. The revealed correlations can allow for deeper comparative laboratory diagnostics of homeostasis and can be especially useful for laboratory monitoring of the potential risk of subclinical macro-mineral deficiency in high-yielding dairy cows.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

scholarly journals Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Bae-Hun Lee ◽  
Ji-Yung Kim ◽  
Kyung-Il Sung ◽  
Hong-Gu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Lactating Cows

The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12hG groups than in the 24hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in 12hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12hG and 24hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12hG and 24hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group compared with the control and 24hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.

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