Enhancement of lipid metabolism with L-carnitine during in vitro maturation improves nuclear maturation and cleavage ability of follicular porcine oocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Somfai ◽  
Masahiro Kaneda ◽  
Satoshi Akagi ◽  
Shinya Watanabe ◽  
Seiki Haraguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation ◽  
Further Development

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of L-carnitine, an enhancer of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial activity, during in vitro maturation (IVM) on nuclear maturation and in vitro fertilisation of porcine follicular oocytes and subsequent embryo development. Mitochondrial functions, intracellular lipid content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in oocytes were also investigated. L-carnitine supplementation in 0.6–5 mg mL–1 concentration during IVM significantly improved (P < 0.05) the rates of metaphase-II (MII) stage oocytes compared with the control; however, fertilisation rates and monospermy were not improved. Although supplementation of IVM medium with L-carnitine significantly increased oocyte cleavage (P < 0.05), further development to the blastocyst stage was not improved. The density of active mitochondria was significantly higher and the density of lipid droplets was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in L-carnitine-treated oocytes compared with the control. Furthermore, the ROS levels in L-carnitine-treated oocytes were significantly lower than those in the control. In conclusion, enhancing mitochondrial functions by L-carnitine improved oocyte maturation and cleavage underlining the importance of lipid metabolism for nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes.

336 MEIOTIC DEVELOPMENT AND CORTICAL GRANULES DISTRIBUTION IN CANINE OOCYTES DURING IN VITRO MATURATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De los Reyes ◽  
D. Luna ◽  
J. Palomino
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

Low development of IVM canine oocytes could be in part attributed to an impaired cytoplasmic maturation. In mammalian oocytes, migration and the redistribution of cortical granules (CGs) around the periphery of the oocyte contribute to the inhibition of polyspermy and it is an important criterion to evaluate cytoplasmic maturation. The state of nuclear maturation and the distribution of CGs were evaluated in canine oocytes cultured for different periods in order to compare the synchrony of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation during in vitro maturation. Bitch ovaries at different stages of the estrous cycle were obtained following ovariectomy. COCs with compact cumulus cells showing a homogeneous cytoplasm were selected for experiments. Thirty-six COCs were processed at immature stage, placed in PBS medium until evaluation. A total of 275 COCs were matured in vitro for 48, 72, and 96 h in TCM-199 with Earle’s salt supplemented with 25 mM Hepes, 10% FCS, 0.25 mM pyruvate, 10 IU mL-1 of hCG, 300 IU mL-1 penicillin, and 20 mg mL-1 streptomycin, at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. At each culture period, the oocytes were stained with Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and the CGs distributions were examined under a fluorescent microscope. The nuclear status of the denuded oocytes was determined by DAPI staining under a fluorescence microscope. For each treatment, at least four replicates were performed and the data was analyzed by ANOVA using Tukey’s test to determine the differences P < 0.05. Three types of CGs distribution were distinguished during canine oocyte maturation: (1) homogeneous distribution throughout the cytoplasm including the cortex; (2) heterogeneous (clusters) within the cytoplasm and (3) densely distributed beneath the oolemma. Nuclear stages were classified as immature or germinal vesicle (GV) stage; resumption of meiosis or germinal vesicle break down (GVBD); metaphase I to telophase I (MI toTel I); and mature or second metaphase (MII). The distribution patterns of GCs were different (P < 0.05) among oocytes cultured for different periods and the nuclear maturation status also differed between oocytes cultured for different intervals (P < 0.05). Most (>84%) of the immature oocytes at GV showed a uniform distribution of CGs throughout the cytoplasm. At 48 h of culture, CGs distribution was mainly Type 2 (25%) and 3 (61%) and the oocytes were at GVBD (33%) and MI-Tel I (33%) stages. Most nuclei of the type 3 oocytes were in the MI (40%) and MII (11%) stages, corresponding to those oocytes matured for 72 (88%) or 96 h (71%). These results indicate that canine oocytes migrate to the cortex during IVM and this process is not finished before 72 h of culture. In addition, although the re-distribution of the CGs occurred in parallel with nuclear maturation, the oocytes cannot always proceed to the MII stage; however, in such oocytes the CGs are distributed beneath the oolemma. Supported by Grant FONDECYT 1080618.

scholarly journals Porcine follicular fluid derived from > 8 mm sized follicles improves oocyte maturation and embryo development during in vitro maturation of pigs

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Park ◽  
Sang-Hee Lee ◽  
Yong Hwangbo ◽  
Choon-Keun Park
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cumulus Expansion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) from large-sized (LFF; >8 mm in diameter) and medium-sized (MFF; 3–6 mm in diameter) follicles on the maturation and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from follicles 3–6 mm in diameter. The collected COCs were incubated for 22 h with LFF or MFF (in vitro maturation (IVM)-I stage) and were incubated subsequently for 22 h with LFF or MFF (IVM-II stage). Cumulus expansion was confirmed after the IVM-I stage and nuclear maturation was evaluated after the IVM-II stage. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured and embryonic development was evaluated. Relative cumulus expansion and GSH levels were higher in the LFF group compared with in the MFF group after the IVM-I stage (P < 0.05). After the IVM-II stage, the numbers of oocytes in metaphase-II were increased in the LFF group and GSH content was higher in all of the LFF treatment groups compared with in the MFF treatment groups during both IVM stages (P < 0.05). ROS levels were reduced by LFF treatment regardless of IVM stage (P < 0.05). Blastocyst formation and the total numbers of cells in blastocysts were increased in all LFF treatment groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggested that pFF from large follicles at the IVM stage could improve nucleic and cytoplasmic maturation status and further embryonic development through reducing ROS levels and enhancing responsiveness to gonadotropins.

202 CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE OOCYTE CYTOPLASMIC MATURATION WITH COMMON IN VITRO MATURATION PROTOCOLS

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
B. A. Foster ◽  
F. A. Diaz ◽  
P. T. Hardin ◽  
E. J. Gutierrez ◽  
K. R. Bondioli
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Bovine Oocyte ◽  
Hoechst 33342 ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Mitochondrial Distribution ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

Modulators of 3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate have been extensively researched to delay nuclear maturation in in vitro maturation (IVM) systems to improve synchronization of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. However while normal maturation for many organelles has been characterised, there is a lack of information on how modulators affect cytoplasmic maturation. The goal of this study was to identify the effect of different components of bovine oocyte maturation systems on 3 aspects of cytoplasmic maturation. Bovine oocytes were collected from mixed breed beef cattle using transvaginal ultrasound guided oocyte aspiration. Oocytes were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments; staining immediately after collection (n = 249) or after 24 h of IVM (n = 270), 2 h of pre-IVM in Forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; n = 254), or 2 h of pre-IVM followed by IVM (n = 259). Following treatment, half of the recovered oocytes were stained with Hoechst 33342 to determine nuclear maturation status, and Calcein AM for gap junction status. The other half were stained with Hoechst 33342, Mitotracker deep red to identify mitochondria distribution patterns and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated phalloidin for F actin microfilament distribution. Organelle patterns were coded and statistically analysed using linear models to determine if treatment had an effect on the indicators of cytoplasmic maturation or their agreement with nuclear maturation. Results indicated that there was a high degree of variability in both cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation of oocytes irrespective of treatment group, with many oocytes exhibiting aberrant patterns in both mitochondrial and microfilament distribution. Gap junctions were classified as open (immature), partially open or closed (mature), based on the strength of Calcein fluorescence within the ooplasm. Both treatment and nuclear maturation had a significant effect on gap junction status (P < 0.001) with gap junctions tending to close as oocytes matured, while treatment in pre-IVM maintained open gap junctions, even as meiosis progressed. Mitochondria were classified as peripheral (immature), diffuse, central (mature) or too sparse to accurately classify. There was an unexpectedly high proportion of oocytes with few mitochondria (17%), suggesting an incomplete growth phase before collection. There was no correlation between meiotic stage and mitochondrial distribution (P = 0.73), with the majority of oocytes having diffuse mitochondrial distribution. As normal maturation proceeds, microfilaments aggregate and migrate peripherally. However, neither microfilament aggregation nor redistribution were correlated with nuclear maturation (P = 0.6 and P = 0.11 respectively) or mitochondrial distribution (P = 0.33 and P = 0.06 respectively). Overall, results show that while pre-IVM maintains open gap junctions, the system studied here is not sufficient for improving correlation between cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation. Many deviations from normal cytoplasmic maturation are seen with IVM and these irregularities are maintained with prematuration in Forskolin and IBMX.

scholarly journals Development of a reliable in vitro maturation system for zebrafish oocytes

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Seki ◽  
Toshimitsu Kouya ◽  
Ryoma Tsuchiya ◽  
Delgado M Valdez ◽  
Bo Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Immature Oocytes ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

In zebrafish oocytes, it has been reported that a 60 or 75% Leibovitz L-15 medium or simple balanced saline solution containing 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) is effective for nuclear maturation. However, most of the oocytes that matured under these conditions were not fertilized and did not hatch. Thus, thesein vitromaturation methods could not support the cytoplasmic maturation of zebrafish oocytes. Therefore, we tried to develop a reliablein vitromaturation method for zebrafish oocytes, which supports their ability to be fertilized and to develop till hatching. When zebrafish oocytes at stage III were cultured in 50–100% Leibovitz L-15 medium supplemented with DHP, the highest rates of cleavage (24%) and hatching (12%) were obtained from oocytes matured in 90% Leibovitz L-15 medium. When we examined the suitable pH (7.5–9.5) of the 90% medium, higher rates of cleavage (45%) and hatching (33%) were obtained in oocytes matured at pH 9.0 than at pH 7.5, 8.5, or 9.5 (cleavage rate, 16–29%; hatching rate, 8–21%). In oocytes matured in 90% Leibovitz L-15 medium at pH 9.0, high rates of cleavage (70%) and hatching (63%) were obtained when oocytes were cultured for 270 min with 0.5 mg/ml BSA. Thus, 90% Leibovitz L-15 medium at pH 9.0 containing 0.5 mg/ml BSA was effective for normal maturation of zebrafish oocytes. This method will become a powerful tool for understanding the mechanism ofin vitromaturation in zebrafish oocytes and for the practical use of immature oocytes.

scholarly journals Chemical manipulation of glucose metabolism in porcine oocytes: effects on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R Herrick ◽  
Amber M Brad ◽  
Rebecca L Krisher
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Maturation In Vitro ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

The objectives of this study were to manipulate metabolism of glucose through glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation, and determine the effects of this manipulation on meiotic progression, intracellular glutathione (GSX) concentrations and embryonic development. Cumulus-oocyte complexes isolated from abattoir ovaries were matured (40–44 h) in Purdue Porcine Medium for maturation alone (control) or supplemented with pyrroline-5 carboxylate (PC, 0.1 μM; PPP stimulator), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, 0.1 μM; PPP inhibitor), dinitrophenol (DNP, 10 μM; glycolytic stimulator), hexametaphosphate (HMP, 100 μM; glycolytic inhibitor), PC + HMP or DNP + DPI. At the conclusion of in vitro maturation, cumulus cells were removed and oocytes were randomly allocated for analysis of GSX, metabolism and nuclear maturation, or in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. Both DPI and DNP + DPI decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the activity of glycolysis and the PPP, increased (P ≤ 0.05) the percentage of immature oocytes, and decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the proportion of mature oocytes compared with control oocytes and oocytes from the other treatments. Embryonic development (cleavage and blastocyst stage) and the intracellular content of GSX were also decreased (P ≤ 0.05) following exposure to DPI or DNP + DPI compared with control oocytes and oocytes from the other treatments. Oocyte metabolism, nuclear maturation, GSX content and embryonic development were unaffected (P > 0.05) following exposure to PC, DNP, HMP or PC + HMP. Our results suggest that metabolism of glucose through the PPP and/or glycolysis plays a key role in the control of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro.

scholarly journals Development to Blastocyst Stage of Pig Oocytes Matured, Fertilized and Electroactivated In Vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-556
Author(s):  
N. R. Mtango ◽  
M. D. Varisanga ◽  
D. Y. Juan ◽  
P. Wongrisekeao ◽  
T. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activation Rates ◽  
Oviduct Fluid

Abstract. This study was designed 1) to determine the effectiveness of two in vitro maturation (IVM) media (tissue culture medium [TCM] and modified synthetic oviduct fluid supplemented with amino acids [mSOFaa]), 2) to compare the effects of two in vitro fertilization (IVF) media (modified Tris-buffered medium [mTBM] and mSOFaa) on the developmental competence of pig oocytes, and 3) to test the activation ability of IVM pig oocytes matured in TCM or mSOFaa, electroactivated and cultured in mSOFaa. The nuclear maturation rates were similar between IVM media (91.0 % vs. 89.0 %). A similar result was obtained when the activation rates were 54.2 % in TCM and 56.0 % in mSOFaa, and the blastocyst rates were 7.9 % and 6.1 %, respectively. There was no significant difference between mSOFaa and mTBM in the percentage of embryos with two pronuclei 33.2 % vs. 13.8 % or polypronuclei 5.3 % vs. 13.4 %. The cleavage rate was the same in both media. The medium mSOFaa gave a significantly higher (P< 0.05) blastocyst rate than mTBM (12.7 % vs. 3.9 %). We concluded that mSOFaa can enhance in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture of pig oocytes.

scholarly journals Oxygen tension and oocyte density during in vitro maturation affect the in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4277
Author(s):  
Angelo Bertani Giotto ◽  
Daniela Dos Santos Brum ◽  
Francielli Weber Santos ◽  
Antonio Carlos Galarça Guimarães ◽  
Cibele Garcia Moreira Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

Oocyte maturation is the key factor affecting the fertilization and embryonic development. Factors such as oocyte density and oxygen tension can directly influence the IMV. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association of oxygen tensions (5% or 20%) with different oocyte densities (1:10?l or 1:20?l) in the in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes on maturation and fertilization rates, ROS production and antioxidant activity. Three experiments were performed with bovine oocytes that were obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries. After selection, the oocytes were randomly distributed in four treatments: 1:10/5%; 1:10/20%; 1:20/5%and 1:20/20% for each experiment. In experiment I, nuclear maturation status and cytoplasmic maturation were evaluated through detection of the first polar body by immunofluorescence and the mitochondrial reorganization assay. In experiment II, ROS production and antioxidant activity were analyzed in oocytes and IVM medium after 24 h of maturation through detection of ROS, reduced glutathione (GSH) and Superoxide dismutase activity by spectrofluorimetric methods. In experiment III, fertilization was evaluated through pronucleus formation, sperm penetration with or without decondensation and polyspermy rates by immunofluorescence. In experiment I, the nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic maturation were similar among treatments (P>0.05). In experiment II, reactive oxygen species in oocytes were elevated in treatments with low oxygen tension which was independent of oocyte density (P<0.05). Additionally, ROS levels in IVM medium were higher in treatments with high oocyte density by volume of medium, which was independent of oxygen tension (P<0.05). In Experiment III, the fertilization and penetration rates were higher in the treatment with 20% oxygen tension and high oocyte density (P<0.05). Furthermore, a high incidence of polyspermy was observed in groups with high oxygen tension and low oocyte density (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate an interaction between oxygen tension and oocyte density, which increases ROS production in certain associations and subsequently influences the rates of in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes. The improved rates of IVF were obtained when IVM was conducted using 20% oxygen tension and high oocyte density (1:20 ul).

199 PREMATURATION OF BOVINE OOCYTES WITH BUTYROLACTONE I AND/OR CILOSTAMIDE: EFFECTS ON MEIOSIS PROGRESSION, CYTOPLASMIC MATURATION AND GENE EXPRESSION

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
G. Z. Mingoti ◽  
F. Filion ◽  
P. Vincent ◽  
L. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Communication ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

Meiotic block during a prematuration culture (pre-IVM) before in vitro maturation (IVM) is suggested as a way to provide additional time to synchronize oocyte-somatic cell communication, leading to improved cytoplasmic maturation and nuclear meiotic competence and the acquisition of critical cellular functions necessary for developmental competence. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the inhibitors butyrolactone I (Bl-I) and cilostamide on oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. For that, 2 well-established methods of pre-IVM and IVM for cilostamide (Albuz et al. 2010 Hum. Reprod. 25, 2999–3011) or Bl-I (Hashimoto et al. 2002 Biol Reprod. 66, 1696–1701) were used. Abattoir-collected oocytes were IVM in maturation medium (MM: mSOF with 0.8% BSA and hormones) for 24 h, without a previous pre-IVM culture (control). Cilostamide-group oocytes were treated for the first 2 h in vitro (pre-IVM) with 100 μM of the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and 500 μM IBMX (nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor) and then oocytes underwent extended IVM for 30 h in the presence of 20 μM cilostamide (type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor; pre-IVM 2 h + IVM 30 h). The Bl-I-group oocytes were pre-IVM for 24 h with 100 μM Bl-I diluted in TCM-199 supplemented with 0.2 mM pyruvate and then were IVM in MM for 20 h (pre-IVM 24 h + IVM 20 h). The Bl-I + Cilost group was a combination of both procedures: oocytes were first pre-IVM with Bl-I for 24 h and then cultured as described for the cilostamide group (pre-IVM 24 h + IVM 30 h). Cultures were carried out at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in humidified air. After IVM, oocytes were stained with 500 nM mitotracker red to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and with 10 μg mL–1 of Hoescht 33342 to evaluate the nuclear maturation (n = 207). Images were captured by an Olympus confocal microscope and analyzed with Fluoview software. The TUNEL assay was used to detect oocyte DNA fragmentation (n = 74). Relative amounts of mRNA for apoptotic-related genes were quantified after IVM in individual oocytes using real-time PCR (Kameyama et al. 2007 Reproduction 133, 423–32). Means were compared by ANOVA and Tukey's test or by chi-square (P ≤ 0.05). The percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase II after IVM did not differ among groups (73.8 to 90.4%; P ≥ 0.05), indicating that in vitro meiotic resumption was normal. The Δψm, expressed in arbitrary units of fluorescence, was 1.0 ± 0.1a (control), 2.7 ± 0.4b (Bl-I), 3.2 ± 0.5b (Cilost) and 2.1 ± 0.3ab (Bl-I + Cilost). The percentage of TUNEL-positive oocytes (18.8–41.3%) did not differ among groups (P ≥ 0.05). The relative abundance of BAX (1.0 ± 0.4 to 2.3 ± 0.4) and BCL-XL (1.0 ± 0.3 to 0.3 ± 0.1) transcripts was unaffected by pre-IVM and IVM (P ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, except for an increase in mitochondrial activity, pre-IVM with cilostamide and/or Bl-I did not affect cytoplasmic and nuclear oocyte maturation. However, oocyte developmental potential needs to be better evaluated in a future study through assessment of embryonic development. We acknowledge FAPESP and NSERC.

Laboratory production of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palta ◽  
M. S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Vitro Production

There is an increasing interest in large-scale in vitro production (IVP) of buffalo embryos through in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) of oocytes for faster multiplication of superior germplasm. The recovery of total and usable quality oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries is low in this species. The nuclear maturation rates of buffalo oocytes matured in the presence of follicular fluid or serum and hormones like luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and oestradiol vary from 70 to 80% and are comparable to those reported for cattle oocytes. However, with fertilization rates of 40–55%, and the yield of blastocysts at around 10–15%, the efficiency of IVP is much lower than that in cattle. The in vitro sperm preparation procedures and the systems employed for performing IVF and culture of zygotes up to blastocyst stage are suboptimal and need substantial improvements. The quality and viability of blastocysts produced need to be checked by cell count, and after transfer to synchronized recipients, for development of quality control standards.

scholarly journals Progesterone influences cytoplasmic maturation in porcine oocytes developingin vitro

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Yuan ◽  
Shuang Liang ◽  
Yong-Xun Jin ◽  
Jeong-Woo Kwon ◽  
Jia-Bao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
Porcine Oocyte ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation

Progesterone (P4), an ovarian steroid hormone, is an important regulator of female reproduction. In this study, we explored the influence of progesterone on porcine oocyte nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic maturation and developmentin vitro. We found that the presence of P4 during oocyte maturation did not inhibit polar body extrusions but significantly increased glutathione and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels relative to that in control groups. The incidence of parthenogenetically activated oocytes that could develop to the blastocyst stage was higher (p< 0.05) when oocytes were exposed to P4 as compared to that in the controls. Cell numbers were increased in the P4-treated groups. Further, the P4-specific inhibitor mifepristone (RU486) prevented porcine oocyte maturation, as represented by the reduced incidence (p< 0.05) of oocyte first polar body extrusions. RU486 affected maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity and maternal mRNA polyadenylation status. In general, these data show that P4 influences the cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes, at least partially, by decreasing their polyadenylation, thereby altering maternal gene expression.

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