Use of single or multiple injections of FSH in embryo collection programmes in goats

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Batt ◽  
ID Killeen ◽  
AW Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses

The yield of embryos from goats treated with single injections of FSH combined with low doses of PMSG was compared with that from goats treated with conventional superovulatory regimens based on multiple doses of FSH. In one experiment, 101 female goats were assigned to 10 groups. One group received six injections of FSH-P (FSH-P control); a second group received eight injections of Ovagen (Ovagen control). The remaining eight groups conformed to a 2x2x2 factorial design in which goats received a single injection of a low or high dose of either FSH-P or Ovagen in combination with a low or high dose of PMSG. All goats were run with harnessed, entire bucks. Ovaries were examined by laparoscopy and embryos were recovered from goats that had ovulated and been mated. The mean number of normal embryos collected per goat was significantly greater in the FSH-P control group in all except those groups treated with either low or high doses of PMSG combined with a low dose of Ovagen or a low dose of PMSG combined with a high dose of Ovagen. Most goats ovulated and ovulation rates were not significantly different from the mean of the FSH-P control, except for those treated with a low dose of FSH-P combined with either low or high doses of PMSG. Embryo recovery rates were significantly lower in groups treated with a high dose of PMSG combined with a high dose of either Ovagen or FSH-P, or with low doses of PMSG and FSH-P, than in the FSH-P control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals The Effects of Increasing Doses of Ranitidine on Gastric pH in Children

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Khan ◽  
Theresa M. Shalaby ◽  
Susan R. Orenstein
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses

BACKGROUND Ranitidine is widely used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children, but optimal dosing is unclear. We compared effects of weight-based doses of oral ranitidine on gastric pH in children with clinical GERD. METHODS Children ages 4–11 years with clinical GERD were enrolled in a multi-center prospective randomized study comparing a fixed dose of ranitidine (Zantac 75) with placebo after an overnight fast; gastric pH was measured for 6 h after the fixed dose (Phase 1). Of the six enrollees from our center, four received active drug during Phase 1; 12 h after the fixed dose, these four children received ranitidine 5 mg/kg (maximum 150 mg) and gastric pH was measured for another 6–12 hours (Phase 2). This report details the effects of two dose ranges (Low Dose, < 3 mg/kg/dose, and High Dose, ≥ 3 mg/kg/dose) on gastric pH in children. RESULTS The four children were 6.9–11.3 years old and weighed 20.4–49.5 kg. The Low Doses were 1.5–2.7 mg/kg; the High Doses were 3–5 mg/kg. Although the mean percentage of time with gastric pH > 4 during the entire 6 hours following dosing was similar after Low and High Dose (50% vs. 57%, NS), during the last two hours of this interval the mean percentage of time with gastric pH > 4 was only 29% for Low Dose vs. 89% for High Dose (P = 0.006). Moreover, during those two hours, none of the Low Doses kept gastric pH above 4 for > 60% of the time, while all of the High Doses kept pH above 4 for > 60% of the time (P = 0.03). In three of four patients who underwent extended (9–12 h) gastric pH monitoring after High Dose ranitidine, gastric pH was above 4 for more than 40% of total time. CONCLUSIONS Doses of ranitidine ≥ 3 mg/kg/dose may be required for acid suppression lasting beyond 6 hours.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the BDNF, NGF, NT3 and NT4 Genes Expressions in the Brains of Neonatal Mice with Hypothyroidism

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Adeli Bhroz ◽  
Kazem Parivar ◽  
Iraj Amiri ◽  
Nasim Hayati Roodbari
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain

Background and Aim: Thyroid is one of the endocrine glands, (T3 and T4) play a significant role in the development of prenatal brain and the following stages. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on the amount of expression of NT4, NT3, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain of one-day rat neonates with hypothyroidism.Materials and Methods: In total, 25 mature mice of Albino NMRI race were selected after mating, divided into three group, control, as well as low-dose and high-dose intervention groups. Samples of the control group received pure water during pregnancy, whereas subjects of the intervention group with low and high doses of the medication were administered with 20 mg and 100 mg methimazole powder (dissolved in 100 cc water), respectively. After child delivery, blood samples were obtained from mother mice to determine the level of T3 and T4 in blood serum. Following that, the brain of one-day mice were removed by surgery and assessed to determine the amount of expression of NT4, NT3, NGF and BDNF using the complete kit of RT-PCR.Results: Levels of T4 and T3 in the control group were 28 ug/dl and 1.59 ug/dl, respectively. In the low-dose intervention group, the amounts of the mentioned hormones were 8 ug/dl and 0.85 ug/dl, significantly, indicating a significant reduction in the expression of NT4, NT3, NGF and BDNF genes, compared to the control group. Moreover, T4 and T3 were 6 ug/dl and 0.79 ug/dl in the high-dose group, respectively, conveying a significant decrease in the expression of NT4, NT3, NGF and BDNF genes, compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in long-term benzodiazepine abusers

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schmauss ◽  
J.-C. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect ◽  
Age And Sex

SynopsisIn 17 benzodiazepine (BDZ) dependent in-patients a CT scan was performed before initiation of withdrawal therapy. The evaluation of the ventricular to brain ratio (VBR) by standardized and computerized measurements revealed significantly higher mean VBRs for both high-and low-dose BDZ-dependent patients compared to the mean VBR of an age- and sex-matched control group. In addition, the mean VBR of high-dose BDZ-dependent patients (N = 8) was significantly higher than the mean VBR of low-dose BDZ-dependent patients (N = 9). This difference could not be accounted for by the age of the patients or duration of BDZ-dependency and, therefore, suggests a dose-dependent effect of BDZs on the enlargement of internal CSF-spaces. On the other hand, higher values for the width of external CSF-spaces were found to be related to increasing age of the patients and duration of BDZ-dependency.

scholarly journals Effect of Astragalus membranaceus Oral Solution on Lifespan and Learning and Memory Ability of Honey Bees

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tao Hong ◽  
Long-Xue Li ◽  
Xiao-ping Han ◽  
Jing-liang Shi ◽  
Cai-yun Dan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

In this study, the effects of Astragalus membranaceus oral solution on lifespan and learning and memory abilities of honey bees were evaluated. Two groups of bees were fed with sucrose syrup (50%) containing low dose (1.33%) and high dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus oral solution, respectively. The proboscis extension response (PER) analysis was applied to examine the learning and memory capabilities of bees. Two genes related to memory formation in honey bees were determined by real-time PCR. High dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus significantly decreased the mean lifespan of bees compared to the bees fed with low dose (1.33%) and control bees. No significant differences in lifespan of bees were found between low-dose-fed bees and control bees. The results of PER experiments showed apparent improvement in the memorizing ability of the high-dose group (in comparison with the control group). Moreover, the relative expression levels of Nmdar1 in the low-dose group and control group were significantly lower than those in the high-dose group. It is preliminarily concluded that A. membranaceus has an adverse effect on the mean lifespan of honey bees but might be helpful in strengthening memories.

ANDROGENIZATION OF THE NEONATAL FEMALE RAT WITH VERY LOW DOSES OF ANDROGEN

1973 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. SHERIDAN ◽  
M. X. ZARROW ◽  
V. H. DENENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Minimal Effective Dose ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Long Acting

SUMMARY The administration of a high dose of androgen on a single day to a neonatal female rat has been shown repeatedly to induce persistent vaginal cornification (PVC). However, this type of treatment does not parallel the continuous androgen secretion present in the male, and the high doses that have been used could represent a pharmacological and not a physiological effect. Experiments were carried out to determine the minimal effective dose of testosterone propionate (TP) needed to cause PVC when the androgen is administered to the neonatal rat for the first 10 days of life or as a long-acting ester. Injection of 1, 3 or 9 μg TP on days 1–10 of life in female rats induced PVC in adulthood. All three doses were found to be more effective than a testicular transplant on day 1. In female rats injected with low doses of TP twice daily for the first 10 days of life, PVC was shown between 90 and 100 days of life in 21 out of 22 animals given 0·5 μg TP/injection, and in eight out of 22 animals given 0·05 μg TP/injection. In an experiment where female rats were given a single injection of 0·1, 1·0 or 10·0 μg TP, or 0·1 or 1·0 μg testosterone cyclopentylpropionate (TC, a long-acting androgen) on the first day after birth, PVC occurred at 90–100 days of age in 15 of the 18 animals which were injected with 10 μg TP, in none of the 17 animals which were injected with 1 μg TP, and in 10 of 11 animals which were injected with 1 μg TC. The effects of all treatments on vaginal opening, first oestrus, ovarian weight, body weight and sexual behaviour are reported. The use and implications of low dose regimens are discussed in relation to the construction of an experimental model for the study of sexual differentiation.

scholarly journals The effect of red wine extract, resveratrol, on the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement in guinea pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Isidro Alex C. Urriquia ◽  
Lotus D. Llavore
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

ObjectiveAn animal trial, its protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the U.P. National Institutes of Health (IACUC Protocol No. 2010-008), was employed to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement in guinea pigs.Materials and MethodsEighteen male adult guinea pigs were randomly allocated into 3 groups: low dose, high dose, and control groups. A 0.016″ titanium molybdenum alloy wire formed into a helical torsion spring with a coil, with the loops cemented onto the maxillary incisors of the animals, served as the orthodontic appliance. Daily oral administration of resveratrol was provided to the low dose (0.047 mg/kg) and high dose (0.47 mg/kg) groups, while water was provided to the control group. Measurements were taken everyday at the interproximal area at the level of the incisal edge using a measuring caliper.ResultsThe results of the ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences in the mean measurements of tooth separation among the three groups from day 2 (P=0.966) to day 8 (P=0.056). However, starting from day 9 (P=0.049) until day 18 (P=0.000), there was a significant difference in the mean tooth separation among the test groups.ConclusionUsing the LSD, it was noted that the low dose and the high dose groups have similar degrees of mean tooth separation, with the control group being significantly different from the two.

scholarly journals Effect of Acrylamide Supplementation on the CART-, VAChT-, and nNOS-Immunoreactive Nervous Structures in the Porcine Stomach

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Palus ◽  
Michał Bulc ◽  
Jarosław Całka
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Double Immunofluorescence ◽  
High Temperature Processing ◽  
High Doses

Acrylamide is found in food products manufactured with high-temperature processing, and exposure to acrylamide contained in food products may cause a potential risk to human health. The aim of this investigation was to demonstrate the changes in the population of CART-, nNOS-, and VAChT-immunoreactive enteric neurons in the porcine stomach in response to supplementation of low and high acrylamide doses. The study was carried out with 15 Danish landrace gilts divided into three experimental groups: the control group—animals were administered empty gelatine capsules; the low-dose group—animals were administrated a tolerable daily intake (TDI) dose (0.5 µg/kg of body weight (b.w.)/day) of acrylamide capsules, and the high-dose group—animals were administrated high-dose (ten times higher than TDI: 5 µg/kg b.w./day) acrylamide capsules for 28 days. Using the double immunofluorescence staining method, it was established that supplementation with low and high doses of acrylamide resulted in alterations of the porcine stomach neuron phenotype, which was reflected in an increased number of CART-, VAChT-, and nNOS-immunoreactive neurons. These changes were accompanied by an increased density of CART-, VAChT-, and nNOS-positive fibres. The results suggest that the enteric nervous system plays an important role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract during acrylamide intoxication.

scholarly journals MON-LB53 Prior Injectable Somatostatin Receptor Ligand Dose Does Not Predict Oral Octreotide Response In The Treatment Of Acromegaly: Results From The Phase 3 OPTIMAL Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B Nachtigall ◽  
Susan Leanne Samson ◽  
Maria Fleseriu ◽  
Marek Bolanowski ◽  
William Henry Ludlam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor Ligands ◽  
Igf I ◽  
High Doses

Abstract Background: Injectable somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) are the most widely used therapy to control acromegaly. Oral octreotide capsules have been formulated as a potential therapy for this disorder and the efficacy and safety was evaluated in the CHIASMA OPTIMAL prospective phase 3 study in patients with acromegaly who were controlled on injectable SRL treatment of varying doses (Samson et al. ENDO 2020). Methods: Patients with confirmed acromegaly, who had been receiving a stable dose of injectable SRL (≥3 months) up until study entry, were randomized to receive octreotide capsules (40 mg/day) or placebo for 36 weeks. Patients were dose titrated to 60 or 80 mg of oral octreotide or equivalent placebo through week 24 at the investigator’s discretion based on increase of IGF-I levels or worsening of acromegaly signs and symptoms. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who maintained their biochemical response at the end of 36 weeks, defined as average IGF-I ≤1 x ULN between Weeks 34 and 36. An analysis evaluated maintenance of response based on prior dose of injectable SRL. Prior doses of injectable SRL were categorized based on the following classifications: octreotide 10 mg every 4 weeks or lanreotide 60 mg every 4 weeks or 120 mg every 8 weeks were stratified as low; octreotide 20 mg every 4 weeks or lanreotide 90 mg every 4 weeks or 120 mg every 6 weeks were stratified as medium; octreotide 30 mg or 40 mg or lanreotide 120 mg every 4 weeks were stratified as high. Randomization was stratified based on low dose vs med/high dose and efficacy results compared for these strata. The response rates reported for the primary end point are slightly adjusted for stratification differences as prespecified in the statistical analysis plan. Results: Six patients (21.4%) in the octreotide capsule group had received prior treatment with low doses of injectable SRLs while 22 (78.6%) had received prior treatment with medium-high doses of injectable SRLs. Maintenance of response was observed in 16 patients receiving oral octreotide. This included 66.7% of patients (n=4) previously receiving low doses of injected SRLs and 54.5% of patients (n=12) on medium-high injected doses. The treatment effect was consistent irrespective of prior dose of injectable SRL (odds ratio: 5.4 in low dose and 5.9 in medium-high dose). Conclusion: The CHIASMA OPTIMAL study recruited a population receiving predominantly medium-high doses of injectable SRLs and demonstrated maintenance of response in 58% of patients. Oral octreotide treatment effect was consistent irrespective of prior dose of injectable SRL.

scholarly journals Nigella sativa can Cure Hepatotoxicity Caused by Pyrazinamide Administration; A Lead from Animal Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Zunera Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Hepatoxicity is a well known adverse effect of pyrazinamide a commonly used anti tuberculous drug, with no certified remedy. Phytochemicals could be a possible avenue for hepatoprotection. Aims & Objectives: To study the hepatoprotective effect of Nigella sativa in low and high doses on PZA induced liver injury in mice. P lace and duration of study: The study was conducted from April 2017 to June 2017 at Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics & multidisciplinary research lab, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi. Material & Methods: Sixty white albino mice (male) were divided into four groups randomly. Group A served as control group. Oral Pyrazinamide 500mg/kg/5ml glucose saline suspension was administered for 6 weeks to Group B (hepatotoxic group) alone and to Groups C and D in combination with Nigella sativa in a low dose of 500mg/kg and high dose of 1000mg/kg respectively. The extent of hepatotoxicity was determined by measurement of serum ALT, ALP and GGT. Results: PZA alone resulted in markedly elevated ALT, ALP and GGT (82.8, 319.1 and 37 U/L respectively) as compared to control group i.e (ALT=27.4U/L, ALP=96.4U/L, GGT=9.3U/L). In groups C and D a non-significant increase of biochemical markers i.e, (ALT=38.4±7.89U/L, ALP 185±39.74, GGT24.1±5.89 U/L) and (ALT=36.7U/L, ALP=93.5U/L, GGT=15.8U/L) respectively. Conclusion: Nigella sativa has hepatoprotective effects against PZA induced liver injury in both low and high doses.

scholarly journals Biological Control of The White Cochineal Parlatoria Blanchardi (Hemiptera - Diaspididae) by Using Coccidiphagous Ladybirds and Biopesticides in Palm Groves of The Region of Ouargla (South-East Algeria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
Benameur-Saggou Hayet ◽  
Rekia Chennouf ◽  
Gassou Insar ◽  
Kirouane Noureddine ◽  
Goui Khaoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Very High

Abstract The white cochineal of the date palm is a very serious pest in the palm groves of the Ouargla region (South-East Algeria). Our attempt at biological control of this pest was based on the use of two coccidiphagous ladybirds Pharoscymnus ovoideus and Pharoscymnus numidicus and aqueous extracts of two Saharan plants Solenostemma argel and Azadirachta indica with two doses in two palm groves in the Ouargla region. The results obtained are very encouraging. White cochineal infestation rates of treated plants decreased considerably especially for the high dose of two treatments. The infestation rate decreased from 52.54% to 35.49% with P.ovoideus (120 ladybirds/tree) and from 54.03% to 18.88% with Neem extract (dose 5%), to 11.01% with Argel extract (dose 7.5%). The two ladybirds and the two extracts used showed highly significant differences (P=0.000), as did the two doses used (P< 0.0001). Our control attempt also showed an efficiency that increased with the increase of the dose used. It is 0.119±0.20 with the low dose of P. ovoideus to reach an efficiency of 0.324±0.23. For the extract-based treatments, the highest efficacy was recorded with the high dose Argel (0.812±0.22). It should be noted that the low doses used for both treatments gave insignificant results compared to their controls with the high doses, which showed very high significant differences with P=0.000 for the ladybird releases and P<0.0001 for the high doses of the water extracts.

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