Effect of active immunization against the amino-terminal peptide (alpha N) of the alpha 43 kDa subunit of inhibin (alpha 43) on fertility of ewes

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Findlay ◽  
DL Russell ◽  
B Doughton ◽  
CG Tsonis ◽  
C Borchers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ovulatory Process

Immunization against the amino-terminal peptide (alpha N) of the alpha 43 subunit of inhibin was shown previously to reduce fertility in ewes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of active immunization of ewes against alpha N on egg recovery and fertilization rates. Ewes were immunized against alpha N immunogen, and were given 800 I.U. of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin at the end of treatment with intravaginal progesterone to synchronize the oestrous cycles. Control ewes received adjuvant only. The ewes were run with fertile rams, and 4 days after withdrawal of the progesterone device the oviducts were flushed to recover eggs and luteal structures on the ovaries were recorded. Eggs were recovered from 17/19 (90%) control ewes compared with 4/16 treated ewes (25%) (P < 0.01), and the egg recovery rates were 76% (45/59) and 17% (7/42) respectively (P < 0.001). The mean number of corpora lutea (CL) per ewe were similar (3.1 +/- 1.4 v. 2.6 +/- 1.0) but several CL in the treated ewes did not appear to have ruptured, and 2 treated ewes had cystic follicles and no CL. There were no apparent differences in either the fertilization rates or the stages of development of fertilized eggs between treated and control ewes. Antibody binding levels in follicular fluid were approximately half those found in peripheral plasma. It is concluded that immunization of ewes against alpha N leads to lowered fertility by suppressing ovulation, implicating alpha N in the normal ovulatory process.

SECRETION OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY HUMAN PROSTATE IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mahoudeau ◽  
A. Delassalle ◽  
H. Bricaire
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Prostatic Hypertrophy ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 29 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and in 56 control men of various ages. No significant difference was found in T, DHT nor DHT/T ratio between BPH and control subjects of similar age. Plasma DHT was higher in the prostatic than in the peripheral veins in 8/9 patients with BPH during laparotomy, indicating a prostatic secretion of DHT. No difference in the mean T nor the mean DHT was found in peripheral plasma before and after adenomectomy.

Peripheral and ovarian IGF-I concentrations during the ovine oestrous cycle

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Leeuwenberg ◽  
N L Hudson ◽  
L G Moore ◽  
P R Hurst ◽  
K P McNatty
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Tritiated Amino Acids

Abstract IGF-I was measured by RIA in plasma samples collected 8-hourly for 24 days which included two consecutive preovulatory surges of LH. In a separate study, ovarian venous blood was collected from animals undergoing ovariectomy on day 10 of the oestrous cycle, or 36 h later after being treated with prostaglandin with or without steroid-free bovine follicular fluid. Jugular venous blood samples were collected before, during and after surgery. Follicles were dissected from ovaries of these animals and sorted into categories of small, intermediate and large, non-atretic or atretic, and the follicular fluid was pooled and assayed for IGF-I. From another population of ovaries recovered from the slaughterhouse, granulosa, theca and corpora lutea were isolated, homogenized and assayed for IGF-I. Finally ovarian corpora lutea and granulosa cells were each incubated with tritiated amino acids overnight at 37 °C. Thereafter the tissues and media were sonicated, IGF-I extracted from the supernatant and tritiated IGF-I precipitated using a specific IGF-I antibody. The absence of any significant change in peripheral IGF-I concentrations following ovariectomy and the finding that the ovarian venous IGF-I concentrations (161 ± 10 μg/l) were not significantly different from levels seen in peripheral blood (157 ± 10 μg/l) indicated that the ovary is not a net exporter of IGF-I. However, the ovary does synthesize IGF-I, as evidenced by granulosa and luteal synthesis, but probably not in quantities in excess of that utilized by ovarian tissues per se. Although the plasma IGF-I levels increased around the second preovulatory LH surge, the results overall indicated that the IGF-I concentrations in plasma are not strictly related to any major ovarian event during the oestrous cycle in the sheep. This view is based on the findings that the concentration of IGF-I in follicular fluid was not related to follicular health but correlated with those in peripheral plasma and that the ovarian venous concentrations did not vary between left and right ovaries irrespective of whether the ovaries contained a corpus luteum, dominant follicle or neither. Collectively, these results are consistent with the notion that IGF-I of ovarian origin fulfils an autocrine/paracrine function and does not have an endocrine role. Moreover, the results show that the concentrations of IGF-I in follicular fluid reflect those in peripheral plasma. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 281–289

SERUM FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN PSEUDOPREGNANT RATS TREATED WITH MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. DE GREEF ◽  
J. DULLAART ◽  
G. H. ZEILMAKER
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY Pseudopregnant rats were treated early in pseudopregnancy with 1 or 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Serum FSH, LH and progesterone concentrations were determined on days 2–20 of pseudopregnancy in treated and control rats. The mean duration of pseudopregnancy was 13·5 days in the control animals, but when animals were treated with 1 mg MPA a dioestrous period of 21·4 days was observed. A period with leucocytic vaginal smears of at least 2 months was observed after treatment with 10 mg MPA. Injection with MPA on day 3 of pseudopregnancy did not affect the serum FSH concentrations during the subsequent days. The progesterone pattern was alike in the three groups of animals, i.e. the duration of the activity of the corpora lutea was similar in all groups. However, 10 mg MPA slightly lowered progesterone concentrations on days 4–8 of pseudopregnancy. In the saline-treated rats, LH concentrations decreased from days 2–5, and remained low until they increased after day 11 of pseudopregnancy. This increase was delayed until day 20 in the animals treated with 1 mg MPA, and was not observed in the animals treated with 10 mg MPA. It is argued that the increase of LH concentration at the end of pseudopregnancy is not instrumental in the decrease of peripheral progesterone concentration but rather that the decrease in the progesterone concentration leads to the increase in the LH concentration.

scholarly journals Association between Follicular Fluid Leptin and Serum Insulin Levels in Nonoverweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Garruti ◽  
R. de Palo ◽  
M. T. Rotelli ◽  
S. Nocera ◽  
I. Totaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
And Control

Aims. We evaluated the links between leptin and visfatin levels and fertilization rates in nonoverweight (NOW) women with PCOS (NOW-PCOS) from Apulia undergoing in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF).Materials and Methodology. We recruited 16 NOW women with PCOS (NOW-PCOS) and 10 normally ovulating NOW women (control-NOW). All women underwent IVF. Androgens, 17-β-estradiol (17β-E2), and insulin levels were measured in plasma and/or serum and leptin and visfatin levels were assayed in both serum and follicular fluid (FF-leptin, FF-visfatin).Results. In NOW-PCOS, both serum and FF-leptin were significantly lower than in control-NOW. In NOW-PCOS, significant correlations were found between BMI and serum leptin and insulinemia and FF-leptin. By contrast, in control-NOW, FF-leptin levels were not correlated with insulinemia. Serum visfatin levels were not significantly different in NOW-PCOS and control-NOW, but FF-visfatin levels were 1.6-fold higher, although not significantly, in NOW-PCOS than in control-NOW.Conclusions. Both serum leptin levels and FF-leptin are BMI- and insulin-related in Southern Italian NOW-PCOS from Apulia. In line with other reports showing that FF-leptin levels are predictive of fertilization rates, lower than normal FF-leptin levels in NOW-PCOS may explain their lower fertilization rate and this may be related to the level of insulin and/or insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Effect of immunization against the alpha N (alphaN) and alpha C (alphaC) peptides of the alpha43 subunit of inhibin on antral follicular growth and atresia and the patterns of gonadotrophin secretion in ewes

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dhar ◽  
BW Doughton ◽  
E Pruysers ◽  
RW Brown ◽  
JK Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

The aims of this study were to investigate the role of inhibin in the distribution of healthy and atretic antral follicles and the secretion patterns of gonadotrophins. Ewes were actively immunized against either alphaN or alphaC of the inhibin alpha subunit with a primary injection and three booster injections. The control ewes received adjuvant only. The ovaries were removed either before or at 24 h after hCG administration in a synchronized follicular phase 48 h after removal of intravaginal progesterone pessaries. Morphological observations were made on every fifth section of the complete ovary (one per ewe) stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The mean number of corpora lutea observed per ewe with corpora lutea was not significantly different in ewes immunized against alphaN (2.4; alphaN-immunized ewes) or alphaC (2.6; alphaC-immunized ewes), and control (2.4) ewes, although some corpora lutea appeared cystic in the immunized ovaries. Compared with luteal phase concentrations, mean basal FSH concentrations in the early follicular phase were significantly increased in the alphaC-immunized ewes, similar in alphaN-immunized ewes and reduced in control ewes. No differences were observed in any of the LH parameters. Before hCG treatment, healthy antral follicles > 1 mm in diameter were not observed in any of the 52 follicles in the aC-immunized ewes and were observed in one of 37 follicles from alphaN-immunized ewes compared with 19 of 28 follicles in control ewes (P < 0.0001). For healthy antral follicles < 1 mm in diameter, there were 72 of 85 follicles in the alphaC-immunized ewes, 79 of 81 follicles in the alphaN-immunized ewes and 81 of 82 follicles in the control ewes. Similar results were obtained in healthy antral follicles < 1 mm in diameter at 24 h after hCG administration. In contrast to the control ewes, no healthy preovulatory follicles (> 6 mm in diameter) were observed in alphaN- and alphaC-immunized ewes either before or 24 h after hCG administration. Two newly formed corpora lutea from alphaC-immunized ovaries contained retained oocytes compared with none in control and alphaN-immunized ovaries. In conclusion, immunization against alphaN and alphaC may result in disruption of the normal processes of antral follicular growth and maturation independent of the concentrations of FSH and LH.

FOLLICULAR AND LUTEAL CHANGES DURING EARLY PREGNANCY IN THREE BREEDS OF SWINE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. DUFOUR ◽  
M. H. FAHMY
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

Follicular and luteal changes during the first half of pregnancy were studied using 47 Yorkshire (Y), 52 Landrace (Ld) and 44 Lacombe (Lc) sows examined at 23, 42 and 63 days of pregnancy. Follicular fluid weight was greater in Lc than in Y (20%) and Ld (8%) sows. The mean follicular weight for all breeds increased by 22.6% (P < 0.05) from day 23 to day 42 of pregnancy. Yorkshire sows had significantly more small (1–2 mm) follicles than Lc and Ld sows. The average number of small follicles for all breeds was 117 at day 23 and remained unchanged at day 42, but was 20.5% higher (P < 0.01) at day 63. The number of medium (3–5 mm) follicles was similar in the three breeds, whereas that of large follicles (6–10 mm) was greater in Lc than in Y and Ld sows. The number of medium and large follicles increased with the advance in pregnancy. The ovulation rate as measured by the number of corpora lutea was 15.1 in Ld and 14.1 in Y and Lc. Luteal tissue weight was less in Y than in Ld and Lc sows. The weight of luteal tissue increased with advancing pregnancy.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GDF-9 AND BMP-15 SERUM AND FOLLICULAR FLUID AND THE QUALITY OF OOCYTES IN WOMEN WHO UNDERGO AN IVF CYCLE

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
ZAINAL ARIFIN ◽  
KANADI SUMAPRADJA ◽  
UPIK ANGGRAENI ◽  
NAYLAH MUNA ◽  
BUDI WIWEKO
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The quality of the embryo is greatly influenced by the quality of the oocytes; oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs), which include GDF-9 and BMP-15, play an important role in folliculogenesis. This study was to determine the relationship between GDF-9 and BMP-15 serum within the follicular fluid in order to predict the quality of oocytes in women undergoing In vitro Fertilization (IVF). Methods: We collected 30 samples of blood serum and 30 samples of follicular fluid on the day of ovum pickup (OPU), and examined GDF-9 and BMP-15 using ELISA kits. Analysis by Pearson and a partial-correlation was conducted to analyze the correlation between the concentration of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in serum and follicular fluid with general physiological parameters, such as maturation and fertilization rates. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 35,0(26,0-39,0) years. There was no statistical correlation between GDF-9 serum and follicular fluid (p=0.245); but there was a correlation between BMP-15 serum and follicular fluid (p=0.001). Average level of GDF-9 in the follicular fluid was 163,0 pg/ml (48,0-537), and average level in the serum was 260.33 pg/ml±121,82; average levels of BMP-15 in the follicular fluid was 58.30pg/ml±31,54 and average levels of BMP-15 in the serum was 74.20 pg/ml (1,0–610). Conclusion: There were no correlations between levels of GDF-9 serum-FF and BMP-15-FF, and maturation rates and fertilization rates. There was a negative correlation between BMP-15 serum and maturation rates.

Prothrombin Time Standardization: Report of the Expert Panel on Oral Anticoagulant Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1073-1114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standardization Report

SummaryIn collaborative experiments in 199 laboratories, nine commercial thromboplastins, four thromboplastins held by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBS & C), London and the British Comparative Thromboplastin were tested on fresh normal and coumarin plasmas, and on three series of freeze-dried plasmas. One of these was made from coumarin plasmas and the other two were prepared from normal plasmas; in each series, one plasma was normal and the other two represented different degrees of coumarin defect.Each thromboplastin was calibrated against NIBS&C rabbit brain 70/178, from the slope of the line joining the origin to the point of intersection of the mean ratios of coumarin/normal prothrombin times when the ratios obtained with the two thromboplastins on the same fresh plasmas were plotted against each other. From previous evidence, the slopes were calculated which would have been obtained against the NIBS&C “research standard” thromboplastin 67/40, and termed the “calibration constant” of each thromboplastin. Values obtained from the freeze-dried coumarin plasmas gave generally similar results to those from fresh plasmas for all thromboplastins, whereas values from the artificial plasmas agreed with those from fresh plasmas only when similar thromboplastins were being compared.Taking into account the slopes of the calibration lines and the variation between laboratories, precision in obtaining a patient’s prothrombin time was similar for all thromboplastins.

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES AND OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND OVARIECTOMIZED FOWLS

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Senior
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Chicken Ovary

ABSTRACT A radioimmunoassay was developed to measure the levels of oestrone and oestradiol in 0.5–1.0 ml of domestic fowl peripheral plasma. The oestrogens were extracted with diethyl ether, chromatographed on columns of Sephadex LH-20 and assayed with an antiserum prepared against oestradiol-17β-succinyl-bovine serum albumin using a 17 h incubation at 4°C. The specificity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy of the assays were satisfactory. Oestrogen concentrations were determined in the plasma of birds in various reproductive states. In laying hens the ranges of oestrone and oestradiol were 12–190 pg/ml and 29–327 pg/ml respectively. Levels in immature birds, in adult cockerels and in an ovariectomized hen were barely detectable. The mean concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol in the plasma of four non-laying hens (55 pg/ml and 72 pg/ml respectively) and one partially ovariectomized hen (71 pg/ml and 134 pg/ml respectively) were well within the range for laying hens. It is evident that the large, yolk-filled follicles are not the only source of oestrogens in the chicken ovary.

CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE 17-KETOGENIC STEROIDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (II) ◽  
pp. 230-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Paediatric Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cortisone Therapy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT A method for the fractionation of the urinary 17-ketogenic steroids with no oxygen grouping at C11 and those oxygenated at C11, is applied to the clinical problems of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In normal children the mean ratio of the non-oxygenated to oxygenated steroids is 0.24. In childrern with congenital adrenal hyperplasia the ratio is 2.3. The reason for this difference in ratio is discussed. The changes in ratio found under stimulation of the adrenal gland with exogenous or endogenous corticotrophin and the suppression with cortisone therapy are studied. This test can be applied to isolated samples of urine, a major advantage in paediatric practice, and can be carried out in routine laboratories. It is found to be reliable in the diagnosis and sensitive in the control of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document