Workshop report: clinical CASA--the quest for consensus

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mortimer ◽  
RJ Aitken ◽  
ST Mortimer ◽  
AA Pacey
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Workshop Report ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Current State

The goals of the Workshop were to establish the current state-of-the-art in the clinical use of computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA), to identify areas of contention or confusion in the use of CASA technology, and to reach consensus on these matters to facilitate the wider use, and usefulness, of these instruments in clinical and research applications. CASA assessments of sperm morphology were not considered as they were discussed in a separate Workshop (Advanced Techniques in Sperm Preparation and Imaging) on analytical techniques. Four topics were considered: (a) CASA and semen analysis; (b) the diagnostic value of sperm kinematics in semen; (c) human sperm hyperactivation; and (d) CASA and fertility prediction. In all, 17 specific consensus points were identified.

scholarly journals Carbapenems: Past, Present, and Future

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 4943-4960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace ◽  
Andrea Endimiani ◽  
Magdalena A. Taracila ◽  
Robert A. Bonomo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Continue Development ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Current State ◽  
Initial Discovery

ABSTRACTIn this review, we summarize the current “state of the art” of carbapenem antibiotics and their role in our antimicrobial armamentarium. Among the β-lactams currently available, carbapenems are unique because they are relatively resistant to hydrolysis by most β-lactamases, in some cases act as “slow substrates” or inhibitors of β-lactamases, and still target penicillin binding proteins. This “value-added feature” of inhibiting β-lactamases serves as a major rationale for expansion of this class of β-lactams. We describe the initial discovery and development of the carbapenem family of β-lactams. Of the early carbapenems evaluated, thienamycin demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial activity and became the parent compound for all subsequent carbapenems. To date, more than 80 compounds with mostly improved antimicrobial properties, compared to those of thienamycin, are described in the literature. We also highlight important features of the carbapenems that are presently in clinical use: imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem, panipenem-betamipron, and biapenem. In closing, we emphasize some major challenges and urge the medicinal chemist to continue development of these versatile and potent compounds, as they have served us well for more than 3 decades.

scholarly journals Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: Tailored-Made Nanomaterials for Medical Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
Kenny Man ◽  
Mathieu Y. Brunet ◽  
Marie-Christine Jones ◽  
Sophie C. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Biomimetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Natural Cell

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising nanoscale therapeutics due to their intrinsic role as mediators of intercellular communication, regulating tissue development and homeostasis. The low immunogenicity and natural cell-targeting capabilities of EVs has led to extensive research investigating their potential as novel acellular tools for tissue regeneration or for the diagnosis of pathological conditions. However, the clinical use of EVs has been hindered by issues with yield and heterogeneity. From the modification of parental cells and naturally-derived vesicles to the development of artificial biomimetic nanoparticles or the functionalisation of biomaterials, a multitude of techniques have been employed to augment EVs therapeutic efficacy. This review will explore various engineering strategies that could promote EVs scalability and therapeutic effectiveness beyond their native utility. Herein, we highlight the current state-of-the-art EV-engineering techniques with discussion of opportunities and obstacles for each. This is synthesised into a guide for selecting a suitable strategy to maximise the potential efficacy of EVs as nanoscale therapeutics.

Clinical use of cardiac PET/MRI: current state-of-the-art and potential future applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Krumm ◽  
Stefanie Mangold ◽  
Sergios Gatidis ◽  
Konstantin Nikolaou ◽  
Felix Nensa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Cardiac Pet ◽  
Current State

A new technique for analysis of human sperm morphology in unstained cells from raw semen

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Soler ◽  
Almudena García-Molina ◽  
María Sancho ◽  
Jesús Contell ◽  
Manuel Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
New Method ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Robust Method ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
A New Technique

Sperm morphology analysis is a fundamental component of semen analysis, but its real significance has been clouded by the plethora of techniques used for its evaluation. Most involve different fixation and staining procedures that induce artefacts. Herein we describe Trumorph (Proiser R+D, Paterna, Spain), a new method for sperm morphology analysis based on examination of wet preparations of spermatozoa immobilised, after a short 60°C shock, in narrow chambers and examined by negative phase contrast microscopy. A range of morphological forms was observed, similar to those found using conventional fixed and stained preparations, but other forms were also found, distinguishable only by the optics used. The ease of preparation makes the Trumorph a robust method applicable for the analysis of living unmodified spermatozoa in a range of situations. Subsequent studies on well-characterised samples are required to describe the morphology of spermatozoa with fertilising potential.

scholarly journals Carbapenems: A Short Review about their Current Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Warda Zahra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Cost

In this review, we summarize the current “state of the art” of carbapenem antibiotics and their role in our antimicrobial armamentarium. Among the beta-lactams currently available, carbapenems are unique because they are relatively resistant to hydrolysis by most beta-lactamases. Herein, we described the cost effectiveness, safety, and advantages of carbapenems as compared to other antibiotics. We also highlight important features of the carbapenems that are presently in clinical use: imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem, panipenem-betamipron, and biapenem. In closing, we emphasize some major challenges related to oral formulatuion of carbapenems and different strategies to overcome these challenges.

scholarly journals Food Analysis: Present, Future, and Foodomics

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Cifuentes
Keyword(s):  
Food Analysis ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Modern Analytical

This paper presents a revision on the instrumental analytical techniques and methods used in food analysis together with their main applications in food science research. The present paper includes a brief historical perspective on food analysis, together with a deep revision on the current state of the art of modern analytical instruments, methodologies, and applications in food analysis with a special emphasis on the works published on this topic in the last three years (2009–2011). The article also discusses the present and future challenges in food analysis, the application of “omics” in food analysis (including epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), and provides an overview on the new discipline of Foodomics.

scholarly journals Analysis of Nucleosides and Nucleotides in Plants: An Update on Sample Preparation and LC–MS Techniques

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Henryk Straube ◽  
Claus-Peter Witte ◽  
Marco Herde
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Nucleotides And Nucleosides

Nucleotides fulfill many essential functions in plants. Compared to non-plant systems, these hydrophilic metabolites have not been adequately investigated in plants, especially the less abundant nucleotide species such as deoxyribonucleotides and modified or damaged nucleotides. Until recently, this was mainly due to a lack of adequate methods for in-depth analysis of nucleotides and nucleosides in plants. In this review, we focus on the current state-of-the-art of nucleotide analysis in plants with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and describe recent major advances. Tissue disruption, quenching, liquid–liquid and solid-phase extraction, chromatographic strategies, and peculiarities of nucleotides and nucleosides in mass spectrometry are covered. We describe how the different steps of the analytical workflow influence each other, highlight the specific challenges of nucleotide analysis, and outline promising future developments. The metabolite matrix of plants is particularly complex. Therefore, it is likely that nucleotide analysis methods that work for plants can be applied to other organisms as well. Although this review focuses on plants, we also discuss advances in nucleotide analysis from non-plant systems to provide an overview of the analytical techniques available for this challenging class of metabolites.

scholarly journals Morphological Image of Fresh and Cryopreserved Dog Semen Evaluated by the Strict Analysis of Sperm Morphology Method, Using Sperm Quality Analyzer (SQA IIc) Evaluation

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401
Author(s):  
P. Přinosilová ◽  
A. Vinkler ◽  
V. Věžník
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Of Parameters ◽  
Membrane Changes ◽  
Sperm Quality Analyzer

Thirty fresh ejaculates from 15 dogs were cryopreserved in Tris-fructose-citric acid-egg-yolk extender with a glycerol content of 6%. Semen samples were examined by the methods of routine sperm analysis and by the SQA IIc device. The routine semen examination focused on the evaluation of parameters determining the quality of sperm membranes. The significance of monitoring semen quality in the course of the short-term survival test for predicting dog semen quality after thawing was assessed. Relevance of the assessment of sperm morphology, and above all the percentage of sperm with membrane changes in the acrosomal region was documented. The fact that the SQA device analyses semen quality by evaluating the mass of moving cells was confirmed. The results provided by the SQA IIc device appear insufficient for the needs of deeper dog semen analysis, especially morphology assessment.

scholarly journals Analysis and Identification of Subsynchronous Vibration for a High Pressure Parallel Flow Centrifugal Compressor

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Kirk ◽  
J. C. Nicholas ◽  
G. H. Donald ◽  
R. C. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Parallel Flow ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Field Problem ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Analytical Design ◽  
Current State ◽  
Flow Compressor ◽  
Hardware Test

The evaluation of turbomachinery designs prior to actual hardware test and field installation is now the rule rather than the exception for rotating machinery manufacturers. This requires the verification of the current state of the art analytical techniques for rotor-bearing-seal dynamics by development testing and/or controlled test stand or field vibration studies. This paper presents the summary of a complete analytical design evaluation of an existing parallel flow compressor and reviews a recent field vibration problem that manifested itself as a subsynchronous vibration that tracked at approximately 2/3 of compressor speed. The comparison of predicted and observed peak response speeds, frequency spectrum content, and the performance of the bearing-seal systems are presented as the events of the field problem are reviewed. Conclusions and recommendations are made based upon the results of this design review.

scholarly journals The search for and analysis of direct samples of early Solar System aqueous fluids

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2094) ◽  
pp. 20150386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Zolensky ◽  
Robert J. Bodnar ◽  
Hisayoshi Yurimoto ◽  
Shoichi Itoh ◽  
Marc Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Aqueous Fluid ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Current State

We describe the current state of the search for direct, surviving samples of early, inner Solar System fluids—fluid inclusions in meteorites. Meteoritic aqueous fluid inclusions are not rare, but they are very tiny and their characterization is at the state of the art for most analytical techniques. Meteoritic fluid inclusions offer us a unique opportunity to study early Solar System brines in the laboratory. Inclusion-by-inclusion analyses of the trapped fluids in carefully selected samples will, in the immediate future, provide us detailed information on the evolution of fluids as they interacted with anhydrous solid materials. Thus, real data can replace calculated fluid compositions in thermochemical calculations of the evolution of water and aqueous reactions in comets, asteroids, moons and the terrestrial planets. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The origin, history and role of water in the evolution of the inner Solar System’.

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