46 Effect of Bioxcell® and Triladyl® Extenders on Washed Semen of South African Indigenous Bucks

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
L. P. Nethenzheni ◽  
M. L. Mphaphathi ◽  
N. C. Negota ◽  
T. L. Nedambale
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
South African ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
The Mean

Semen extenders and seminal plasma are vital for cryopreservation of buck semen. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of 2 extenders: Triladyl® (Minitube, Tiefenbach, Bavaria) and Bioxcell® (IMV, L’Aigle, France) and the removal of seminal plasma on buck semen. Six indigenous bucks were used in this study and 6 ejaculates were collected from individual bucks. The semen was pooled and then randomly allocated into 6 groups: (1) raw-washed, (2) raw-non-washed, (3) Triladyl®-washed, 4) Triladyl®-non-washed, (5) Bioxcell®-washed, and (6) Bioxcell®-non-washed. Spermatozoa viability was assessed using Eosin-Nigrosin and morphology using Spermac® (Vitrolife, Göteborg, Sweden) stains. The washed semen samples were all diluted into (1:4 v/v) with PBS and centrifuged at 1500 × g for 10 min. Semen samples were then extended with Triladyl® or Bioxcell® per treatment groups and equilibrated for 2 h at 5°C. The semen samples were loaded into straws per treatment groups and placed 5 cm above a liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min and then stored at –196°C until use. After 1 month of storage, frozen semen straws per treatment group were thawed at 37°C for 30 s, and spermatozoa parameters were analysed post-thaw. Significant differences among the mean values of semen parameters were determined by Tukey’s test using ANOVA, GLM procedure of SAS version 12.1 of 2010 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). There was a higher (P < 0.05) live and normal spermatozoa percentage in non-washed semen extended with Bioxcell® (45.7 ± 21.2) than the semen extended with Triladyl® (24.5 ± 22.2%). Live and normal spermatozoa percentages were drastically reduced in the Bioxcell® (5.2 ± 4.9) and Triladyl® (6.9 ± 8.6%) washed semen groups. There was a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of spermatozoa with head abnormalities in non-washed semen extended with Triladyl® (20.4 ± 10.2), compared with the semen extended with Bioxcell® (18.3 ± 12.4%) following freeze-thawing. There was a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of spermatozoa with head abnormalities in washed semen samples extended with Triladyl® (34.0 ± 16.0) compared with the semen extended with Bioxcell® (10.1 ± 7.0%). There were higher (P < 0.05) percentages of spermatozoa with coiled tail abnormalities in washed semen extended with Bioxcell® (65.4 ± 25.0) compared with Triladyl® (35.9 ± 21.6%). In conclusion, the liveability of spermatozoa was negatively affected by washing of semen extended with Bioxcell® and Triladyl® extender. Bioxcell® significantly increased tail abnormalities and Triladyl® gave less protection against head abnormalities following cryopreservation of South African unimproved indigenous bucks’ semen.

Effect of Bioxcell® and Triladyl® Extenders and Removal of Seminal Plasma on Equilibrated and Cryopreserved Semen from South African Unimproved Indigenous Bucks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nethenzheni LP ◽  
◽  
Mphaphathi ML ◽  
Madzhie LR ◽  
Negota NC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Motility Rate

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of two extenders (Triladyl® and Bioxcell®) and the removal of seminal plasma on indigenous buck’s semen. Semen was collected from six indigenous bucks using an electro-ejaculator. Raw semen was pooled and randomly allocated into six groups as follows: (i) Raw non-washed, (ii) Raw washed, (iii) Triladyl®-washed, (iv) Triladyl®-non-washed, (v) Bioxcell®-washed and (vi) Bioxcell®-non-washed. Both the Triladyl® and Bioxcell® washed semen samples groups were diluted (1:4 v/v) with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) then centrifuged at 1500x g for ten min and seminal plasma was removed. The groups were analysed for spermatozoa motility rates using Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA). The spermatozoa viability was assessed using Eosin-Nigrosin, acrosome integrity using Spermac, chromatin structure using Acridine Orange, and mitochondria using JC-1 staining solutions. Semen samples were diluted (1:4 v/v) as follows: Triladyl® (washed and non-washed) or Bioxcell® (washed and non-washed) and then equilibrated at 5°C for 2 hours. Equilibrated semen samples in 0.25 mL French straws were placed 5 cm above a Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) vapour for 10 min, and stored for one month. Frozen semen straws per treatment group were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. Significant differences among the mean values of semen parameters were determined by Tukey’s test using ANOVA, GLM procedure of SAS version 12.1 of 2010. The spermatozoa progressive motility rate in non-washed semen extended with Bioxcell® was significantly higher (89.6±7.5a) compared with that of non-washed Triladyl®, washed Bioxcell® and Triladyl® (P<0.05). Live spermatozoa percentage in washed semen extended with Triladyl® extender was reduced (27.7±17.1) significantly compared with the other groups (P<0.05). There was a lower percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential in non-washed and washed semen extended with Bioxcell® (39.5±23.2 and 37.9±28.6, respectively) compared with that of non-washed and washed semen extended with Triladyl® (P>0.05). The spermatozoa progressive motility rate in non-washed semen extended with Bioxcell® (58.5±10.0) extender was significantly higher compared with that of the other groups (P<0.05). There was a higher live and normal spermatozoa percentage in non-washed semen extended with Bioxcell® (45.7±21.2) compared with that of the other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, Washing of seminal plasma in semen extended with Triladyl® was not essential, as it lowered viability, progressive motility and chromatin membrane integrity prior and post-cryopreservation. However, Bioxcell® extender was found to be more suitable for preserving spermatozoa during equilibration and freezing/thawing process of non-washed and washed buck semen.

scholarly journals Effects of food and sucralfate on a single oral dose of 500 milligrams of levofloxacin in healthy subjects.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2196-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Lee ◽  
B Hafkin ◽  
I D Lee ◽  
J Hoh ◽  
R Dix
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Profiles ◽  
Fat Meal

The effects of food and sucralfate on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following the administration of a single 500-mg oral dose were investigated in a randomized, three-way crossover study with young healthy subjects (12 males and 12 females). Levofloxacin was administered under three conditions: fasting, fed (immediately after a standardized high-fat breakfast), and fasting with sucralfate given 2 h following the administration of levofloxacin. The concentrations of levofloxacin in plasma and urine were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. By noncompartmental methods, the maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax), the time to Cmax (Tmax), the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), half-life (t1/2), clearance (CL/F), renal clearance (CLR), and cumulative amount of levofloxacin in urine (Ae) were estimated. The individual profiles of the drug concentration in plasma showed little difference among the three treatments. The only consistent effect of the coadministration of levofloxacin with a high-fat meal for most subjects was that levofloxacin absorption was delayed and Cmax was slightly reduced (Tmax, 1.0 and 2.0 h for fasting and fed conditions, respectively [P = 0.002]; Cmax, 5.9 +/- 1.3 and 5.1 +/- 0.9 microg/ml [90% confidence interval = 0.79 to 0.94] for fasting and fed conditions, respectively). Sucralfate, which was administered 2 h after the administration of levofloxacin, appeared to have no effect on levofloxacin's disposition compared with that under the fasting condition. Mean values of Cmax and AUC from time zero to infinity were 6.7 +/- 3.2 microg/ml and 47.9 +/- 8.4 microg x h/ml, respectively, following the administration of sucralfate compared to values of 5.9 +/- 1.3 microg/ml and 50.5 +/- 8.1 microg x h/ml, respectively, under fasting conditions. The mean t1/2, CL/F, CLR, and Ae values were similar among all three treatment groups. In conclusion, the absorption of levofloxacin was slightly delayed by food, although the overall bioavailability of levofloxacin following a high-fat meal was not altered. Finally, sucralfate did not alter the disposition of levofloxacin when sucralfate was given 2 h after the administration of the antibacterial agent, thus preventing a potential drug-drug interaction.

scholarly journals Effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on the development and reproduction of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0250311
Author(s):  
Aonan Zhang ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Zhenghao Shi ◽  
Tianying Liu ◽  
Lanlan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a primary pest of soybeans and poses a serious threat to soybean production. Our studies were conducted to understand the effects of different concentrations of insecticides (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) on A. glycines and provided critical information for its effective management. Here, we found that the mean generation time and adult and total pre-nymphiposition periods of the LC50 imidacloprid- and thiamethoxam-treatment groups were significantly longer than those of the control group, although the adult pre-nymphiposition period in LC30 imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatment groups was significantly shorter than that of the control group. Additionally, the mean fecundity per female adult, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase of the LC30 imidacloprid-treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group and higher than those of the LC50 imidacloprid-treatment group (P < 0.05). Moreover, both insecticides exerted stress effects on A. glycines, and specimens treated with the two insecticides at the LC50 showed a significant decrease in their growth rates relative to those treated with the insecticides at LC30. These results provide a reference for exploring the effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on A. glycines population dynamics in the field and offer insight to agricultural producers on the potential of low-lethal concentrations of insecticides to stimulate insect reproduction during insecticide application.

35 EFFECTS OF THAWING TEMPERATURE OF FROZEN SEMEN ON VIABILITY OF REFROZEN AND THAWED CHICKSO (KOREAN BRINDLE CATTLE) AND KOREAN ALBINO CATTLE SPERMATOZOA

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
S. W. Kim ◽  
C. Y. Choe ◽  
D. K. Kim ◽  
A. R. Choi ◽  
H. H. Seong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Viable Sperm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thawing Procedure

Germplasm cryopreservation from a desired species with agricultural and genetic importance would protect them from the risk for extinction. Semen freezing from Korean native cattle would be a good approach for protecting genetic resources due to their limited numbers. It has been known that sperm could resist cryo-damages by freeze-thaw cycles. Thus, we performed 2 refreezing experiments with different initial thawing temperatures using frozen Korean native cattle semen. A total of 5 Hanwoo, Korean Albino, and brindle cattle were used as semen donors. After thawing by using 5°C/2 min or 37°C/40 s with cooling rates, the semen was diluted with the same volume of cryo-media in the first thawing temperature and refrozen. Sperm motilities were determined and compared between animals and groups after rethawing. The mean sperm concentration and motility was 45 × 106 mL–1 (range 2.3 to 89 × 106 mL–1) and 40% (range 13 to 55%). Mean values of motility and viability of sperm that underwent second preservation were significantly higher in 5°C than in 37°C (P < 0.01). However, the activity of viable sperm thawed at 5°C was significantly decreased before refreezing. It is estimated that refreezing of frozen semen from rare Korean native cattle is possible with resistant properties of survived spermatozoa. The higher motility and viability of refrozen semen could be obtained with 5°C thawing procedure for reuse of frozen semen.

scholarly journals Effect of preservation time on the quality of frozen semen in indigenous rams

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
BBA Mahmuda ◽  
Azizun Nesa ◽  
BF Zohara ◽  
MGS Alam ◽  
FY Bari
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh Semen

The study was carried out to observe the effects of preservation time on the quality of frozen semen of indigenous rams. Semen was collected using AV once a week from 4 rams. Tris based with 10% egg yolk and 7% glycerol extender was used to extend and freezing the semen. Fresh semen was evaluated for volume, density, mass motility and concentration, and mean values were observed as 0.8±0.2ml, 3.0±0.3, 3.2±0.7, 3.9±0.7×109/ml, respectively. Significant difference (p<0.05) was found for all the parameters among the rams. Mean values of motility, viability and normal morphology percentages were 83.3±4.3%, 88.2±4.4%, 84.2±3.5% in fresh semen while those of chilled semen at 40C were 74.7±2.3, 78.8±4.9 and 79.2±2.9%, respectively. For all the parameters, significant (p<0.05) difference was found among the rams. Frozen sperm motility was observed after thawing at 39-400C for 14-15 seconds. The mean motility, viability and normal morphology percentages after freezing for 24hrs, 7, 15 and 30 days of duration were 39.8±3.1, 41.1±4.3, 40.1±4.1 and 39.4±2.9%; 44.5±2.5, 45.3±2.8, 44.6±2.8 and 43.9±2.8%; 71.0±2.0, 71.7±1.5, 70.7±1.7 and 70.3±1.8%, respectively and values did not decrease significantly (p>0.05) with the increasing time of preservation. Non significantly decrease of the semen quality with advance of preservation time indicates the suitability of the protocol used for freezing of indigenous ram semen in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i1.23113            Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 44 (1): 10-15

Results of a Randomized, Open-Label, Phase IIIb Study of 2 Schedules of Decitabine in Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 3846-3846
Author(s):  
Depei Wu ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Zhijian Xiao ◽  
Zhixiang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Abstract 3846 Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3-day and 5-day treatment schedules of decitabine (nucleoside analogue) in Chinese patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). Methods: In this open-label, multi-center, phase 3b study, consenting men and women (n=132) above 18 years of age with de novo or secondary MDS fitting any of the recognized French-American-British classifications, with score on International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) ≥ 0.5 within 30 days before randomization, and having Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance (ECOG) status of 0–2, were enrolled. Patients were randomized (1:1) to either 3-day treatment schedule (15 mg/m2/day decitabine administered by continuous intravenous infusion within a 3-hour period, repeated every 8 hours for 3 consecutive days/cycle; cycles repeated every 6 weeks) or to 5-day treatment schedule (20 mg/m2 decitabine administered by a 1-hour infusion once-daily, on days 1 through 5/cycle; cycles repeated every 4 weeks), until minimum of 30 patients were included in the 3-day treatment group. All remaining patients were enrolled for the 5-day treatment. Patients were treated for ≥4 treatment cycles and for a maximum of 2 years, as long as the patient continued to benefit (absence of overt progression of disease or unacceptable toxicity). The primary efficacy endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) that included complete remission, bone marrow complete remission and partial remission, according to the International Working Group (IWG) 2006 response criteria. The secondary endpoints included hematological improvement, time to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression or death, and overall survival (OS). Safety and pharmacokinetics of decitabine were evaluated. Assuming a 10% dropout rate, with 132 enrolled patients, the study had 90% power at a 5% significance level to detect a &gt;10% ORR. Results: Thirty-four patients were included in the 3-day treatment group and 98 patients were included in the 5-day treatment group. Overall, 78 (59.5%) patients prematurely discontinued the study (16 [12.2%] patients discontinued due to disease progression). The demographic and baseline characteristics were comparable between the 2 treatment groups. In the overall population, the median age was 53.9 years (range: 18.5 – 84.0), 59% were men, all had de novo MDS, the mean (SD) time since diagnosis of MDS was 4.2 (9.38) months, 41.4% patients were IPSS Intermediate-1 (0.5–1.0), 43% were IPSS Intermediate −2 (1.5–2.0) and 15.6% were IPSS high risk (≥2.5) and the majority (68.9% of patients) had ECOG score of 1. Median number of treatment cycles was 3 for each of the treatment groups. Based on the single sample proportion comparison with given value (10%), the significant ORR was achieved in the overall population (22.9%; 95% CI: 16.0, 31.1; p&lt;0.001) as well as in the 3-day treatment group (26.5%; 95% CI: 12.9, 44.4) and 5-day treatment group (21.6%; 95% CI: 13.9, 31.2). The hematological improvement (CR+PR+HI) rate (% [95% CI]) for overall population, 3-day treatment group and 5-day treatment group was 39.7 (31.3, 48.6), 44.1 (27.2, 62.1) and 38.1 (28.5, 48.6) respectively. AML transformations or deaths occurred in 21 (16.0%) patients overall, and in 5 (14.7%) and 16 (16.5%) patients in the 3-day and 5-day treatment group respectively. For the overall population, the maximum estimated time to AML transformations or death was 27.8 months (3-day treatment: 17.9 months, 5-day treatment: 27.8 months). For the overall population, the 12-month OS was 80.6 % and 24-month OS was 60.7%. At steady state, the mean (SD) maximum plasma concentration and mean (SD) area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) was 54.44 (20.07) ng/mL and 118.93 (50.55) ng.hr/mL, respectively for the 3-day treatment group (n=7) and 222.35 (53.74) ng/mL and 180.43 (43.78) ng.hr/mL, respectively for the 5-day treatment group (n=17). Overall, at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) occurred in 97 (74%) patients (32 [94.1%] patients in the 3-day treatment group and in 65 [67%] patients in the 5-day treatment group); TEAEs were related to study drug in 31 (91.2%) patients in the 3-day treatment group and 60 (61.9%) patients in the 5-day treatment group. Conclusion: Decitabine was found to be efficacious and safe for treatment of MDS. Results of this study were consistent with similar decitabine studies conducted previously. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The effect of freezing on cryosurvival of yak sperm

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
S Deori
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Sperm Abnormality ◽  
Semen Characteristics ◽  
Live Sperm

A study was carried out to study the effect of freezing on cryosurvival of yak semen. Artificial insemination in yak is still in infancy. Semen cryopreservation and use of artificial insemination can be applied in yak husbandry for conservation and rapid multiplication of superior germplasm. Semen was collected from four adult yak bulls using artificial vagina method managed under uniform conditions. A total of 40 ejaculates comprising of 10 ejaculates each bull were collected following twice a week schedule and evaluated for fresh semen characteristics. The fresh yak semen characteristics viz. ejaculate volume (ml), mass activity (0-4), initial sperm motility (%), sperm concentration (x 106/ml), live sperm (%), sperm abnormality (%) and intact acrosome (%) were 3.10 ± 0.18, 3.53 ± 0.96, 83.89 ± 2.87, 1180.22 ± 42.32, 77.63 ± 4.23, 8.45 ± 3.33 and 93.61 ± 3.78 respectively. The ejaculates were diluted (1:10) with Tris extender consisting of 6.4 ml glycerol and 20 ml of fresh egg yolk. Straws were equilibrated at 5°C for 4 hours followed by exposure to liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 minutes and finally transferred to liquid nitrogen container for storage. The cryosurvival rate was studied after 7 days of storage in liquid nitrogen. The frozen semen was thawed in warm water (37°C) for 30 seconds for evaluation. Mean values of postthaw sperm motility (%), live sperm (%) and intact acrosome (%) in yaks were 55.67 ± 4.67, 65.62 ± 3.23 and 89.26 ± 3.67 respectively. In conclusion, yak semen has a better cryosurvival while freezing in tris extender with 6.4 per cent glycerol and 20 per cent egg yolk following an equilibration period of 4h.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 215-218 (2017)

scholarly journals Efficacy of flumethrin pour on against Haematobia exigua infesting cattle under field conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Periyasamy Anbarasi ◽  
Gurusamy Ponnudurai ◽  
Kandasamy Senthilvel ◽  
Kuppannan Sukumar ◽  
Palani Sriniva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Treatment Intensity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cattle Farms

Abstract The efficacy of flumethrin 1% pour-on (1% w/v, Flumitas) was evaluated against Haematobia exigua on cattle farms in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu from November 2019 to February 2020. In this study, five farms, which had fly menace, selected randomly were divided as treatment (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and control (Fc) groups. Flies collected from the farms were identified as Haematobia exigua and a mean pre-treatment intensity was 195.56 ± 14.07. In the treatment groups (F1,F2,F3 and F4) flumethrin 1% pour on was applied to the back of cattle at the rate of 1 ml/10 kg body weight and fly intensity was recorded for a period of 2 months. The fly intensity reduced to zero within 30 minutes of application and the same trend continued till 28 DPT in F2 and F3, while it was effective 35 DPT in F1 and F4. A highly significant difference in the mean H. exigua fly counts between control and treatment group (P < 0.0001) was observed.

11 COMPARISON OF CONTROLLED INTERNAL DRUG-RELEASE INSERT–BASED AND PROGESTERONE-FREE METHODS FOR OVULATION SYNCHRONIZATION AND TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF GOATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Llanes ◽  
W. B. Knox ◽  
C. E. Farin
Keyword(s):  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The North ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Time Of Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
The Mean

A CIDR synchronization program is an important tool for facilitating ovulation synchronization and timed AI (OvSynch-TAI). The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of reusing CIDR for OvSynch-TAI compared with that for a progesterone-free OvSynch-TAI protocol (NCS) or a breed by oestrus detection (ED) control. A total of 87 does were randomised into 1 of 5 treatments: (1) ED (control, n = 18), (2) NCS (n = 18), (3) CIDR6-New (n = 17), (4) CIDR6–1X (n = 17), and (5) CIDR6–2X (n = 17). Does in the ED group received two 15-mg doses of PGF2α at a 10-d interval and were bred 12 h after the onset of oestrus following the second PGF2α injection. The NCS group received 15 mg of PGF2α on Day 0, 50 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on Day 8, 15 mg of PGF2α on Day 15, and 50 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on Day 18, concurrently with TAI. The CIDR groups (new, 1X-used, or 2X-used) received a P4 device for a 6-d period, and 15 mg of PGF2α was administered at CIDR removal. Does were bred 48 h after CIDR removal and were given 50 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone at TAI. The CIDR in the CIDR6–1X group were previously in place for 10 days before use, whereas CIDR in the CIDR6–2X group were previously in place for 16 days before use. Reused CIDR were rinsed in a diluted Nolvasan solution, followed by a clean water rinse, allowed to air dry, and stored in a refrigerator until time of use. The experiment was conducted in 2 replicates. Within each replicate, all treatments were scheduled so that does were bred during the same 2-day period, and all does were inseminated with a single dose of frozen semen using a nonsurgical (transcervical) technique. Blood samples were taken daily in all treatment groups to monitor concentrations of serum progesterone until the time of breeding. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography at 54 and 85 days of gestation. Data were analysed using GLM procedures of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Data for pregnancy rates were analysed with a model that included effects of treatment, replicate, and their interactions. Data for serum progesterone concentrations were analysed with a model that included the effects of treatment, replicate, day, and their interactions. Means were separated by Duncan’s test. Mean progesterone differed (P < 0.001) with treatment (5.3 ± 0.8bc, 3.5 ± 0.8c, 7.0 ± 0.8ab, 7.9 ± 0.8a, 6.2 ± 0.8ab ng mL–1 for ED, NCS, CIDR6-New, CIDR6–1X, and CIDR6–2X, respectively; least squares mean ± standard error of the mean). Pregnancy rates for the ED, NCS, CIDR6-New, CIDR6–1X, and CIDR6–2X treatment groups were 39 ± 11%bc, 22 ± 11%c, 64 ± 12%ab, 77 ± 12%a, and 57 ± 12%ab, respectively. In conclusion, reused CIDR were as effective as new CIDR for attaining satisfactory pregnancy rates. Timed AI using a once-used CIDR was more effective for establishing pregnancy than ED and NCS treatments. The lower pregnancy rates in the ED and NCS groups were associated with lower mean progesterone levels during the Ovsynch treatment period before breeding. This research was supported by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.

70 REFREEZING POST-THAWED GOAT SEMEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
D. B. Carwell ◽  
B. R. Scott ◽  
G. T. Gentry ◽  
K. R. Bondioli ◽  
R. A. Godke
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Slow Cool ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Frozen Semen

The ability to successfully refreeze caprine sperm could provide a means of salvaging semen that was mistakenly thawed. The objective of this study was to compare treatment post-thaw semen parameters of twice-frozen caprine semen. Frozen semen from six mature Boer bucks (range in age from 2 to 6 years) was utilised for this experiment. Semen from each buck was extended in an egg yolk-based extender and packaged in 0.5-mL plastic straws before freezing and stored in liquid nitrogen. Three units of frozen semen from each buck was randomly allotted to each of four treatments as follows: (A) thaw and evaluate (control), (B) thaw, then plunge into liquid nitrogen, thaw, and evaluate, (C) thaw, incubate for 3 min at 37°C, slow cool and freeze, thaw, and evaluate, and (D) thaw, incubate for 5 min at 37°C, slow cool and freeze, thaw, and evaluate. Post-thaw parameters included total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), membrane integrity (MI), and sperm abnormalities (AB). To obtain MI and AB, samples were stained with an eosin-nigrosin stain. A computerized programmable freezer was used to refreeze semen samples in treatment (Trt) C and Trt D. During the slow cooling portion of the protocol, samples were allowed to equilibrate at 38°C, then cooled to 4°C at a rate of 0.30°C min–1, and then held for 5 min. Samples were then cooled to –8°C at a rate of 15°C min–1, seeded, and cooled to –10°C at 15°C min–1, samples were then ramped to –80°C at 30°C min–1 before plunging into liquid nitrogen. Results indicate that post-thaw TM was significantly greater for Trt A (60%) when compared with Trt B, C, and D (0.05, 35, and 39%, respectively). Mean TM were not different between Trt C (35%) and Trt D (39%) but were greater than that for Trt B (0.05%). The PM for post-thaw semen in Trt A was also significantly greater (P < 0.05) when compared with that for Trt B and C (0.05 and 25%); however, no difference was found for mean PM for Trt A (47%) and Trt D (30%), nor were differences found between Trt C (25%) or Trt D (30%). Membrane integrity was higher in Trt A (27%) when compared to Trt B (2.2%). No differences in membrane integrity where found between Trt A, C, and D (27, 13, and 14%, respectively). Additionally, no differences were found between Trt B, C, and D for membrane integrity. Sperm morphology were not different were found with across all treatment groups. These results (i.e. Trt C and D) indicate that semen from mature Boer bucks can undergo a second freeze thaw cycle and still retain motility without dramatically affecting sperm morphology and membrane integrity. These findings indicate that directly plunging recently thawed semen back into liquid nitrogen should not be used for artificial insemination.

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