11 Invivo-derived embryo pregnancy rates at Maddox Dairy from 2008 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
D. Demetrio ◽  
A. Magalhaes ◽  
M. Oliveira ◽  
R. Santos ◽  
R. Chebel
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
June July August ◽  
June July ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
July August September

Maddox Dairy, located in Riverdale, CA, USA, is a Holstein herd that milks 3500 cows with a 305-day mature-equivalent milk production of 12 800 kg, and they have been producing high genetic animals by embryo transfer (ET) since the early 1980s. Invivo-derived embryos from Holstein donors were transferred fresh (grade 1 or 2) or frozen (grade 1), at morula (4), early blastocyst (5), or blastocyst (6) stage, to virgin heifers (VH, natural oestrus, 13-15 months old) or lactating cows (LC, Presynch-Ovsynch, 86 days in milk, first or second lactation) 6 to 9 days after oestrus. Pregnancy diagnosis was done by transrectal ultrasonography at 32-46 days in VH and by the IDEXX PAG test at 30 days in LC. June, July, August, September, and October were called critical months (first service AI conception rate drops below 44%) and compared with the other months. The data from 32 503 ETs between January 2008 and December 2018 are summarised on Table 1. Pregnancy rates (PR) are lower for LC recipients than for VH. Embryo transfers performed 7 or 8 days after oestrus had higher PR in both types of recipients and embryos, but Day 6 and 9 oestrus are also used with fair results. The season does not seem to affect PR. There is not enough difference in the combination of stage and days from oestrus for invivo-derived embryos. These numbers do not belong to a planned experiment. Several management changes during the years were made, which make it very difficult to apply statistical methods to analyse the data correctly. They are used as a tool to make decisions in an attempt to improve future results. Table 1.Pregnancy rate (PR) of virgin heifers (top) and lactating cows (bottom)-fresh (SH) and frozen (OZ) invivo-derived embryo transfer1 Heat-months SH-ST4 SH-ST5 SH-ST6 SH-All OZ-ST4 OZ-ST5 OZ-ST6 OZ-All PR% n PR% n PR% n PR% n PR% n PR% n PR% n PR% n Heifers 6 d-CM 62 934 66 243 68 69 63 1246 56 473 58 219 62 42 57 734 6 d-OM 62 1623 67 489 69 211 64 2323 56 600 55 296 48 137 55 1033 6 d-T 62 2557 67 732 69 280 63 3569 56 1073 57 515 51 179 56 1767 7 d-CM 64 1506 68 495 67 221 65 2222 60 822 62 340 63 156 61 1318 7 d-OM 66 2723 68 1021 69 510 67 4254 57 1120 59 581 57 231 58 1932 7 d-T 66 4229 68 1516 69 731 67 6476 58 1942 60 921 60 387 59 3250 8 d-CM 65 1348 64 518 67 322 65 2188 59 595 64 258 63 108 61 961 8 d-OM 66 2166 68 886 70 510 67 3562 61 770 60 364 51 130 60 1264 8 d-T 66 3514 67 1404 69 832 66 5750 60 1365 62 622 56 238 60 2225 9 d-CM 60 109 56 43 70 20 60 172 60 5 33 6 50 4 47 15 9 d-OM 58 129 63 57 60 40 60 226 63 16 50 18 75 4 58 38 9 d-T 59 238 60 100 63 60 60 398 62 21 46 24 63 8 55 53 All-CM 64 3897 66 1299 67 632 65 5828 58 1895 61 823 63 310 60 3028 All-OM 65 6641 67 2453 69 1271 66 10 365 58 2506 58 1259 53 502 58 4267 All-T 65 10 538 67 3752 69 1903 66 16 193 58 4401 60 2082 57 812 59 7295 Lactating cows 6 d-CM 54 265 48 86 50 12 53 363 38 141 31 77 50 10 36 228 6 d-OM 49 463 52 203 45 56 50 723 46 101 48 54 59 27 48 182 6 d-T 51 728 51 289 46 68 51 1086 41 242 38 131 57 37 42 410 7 d-CM 54 755 59 274 56 103 55 1137 43 928 48 450 43 192 45 1570 7 d-OM 55 914 66 367 54 109 58 1393 46 1052 45 564 47 353 46 1969 7 d-T 55 1669 63 641 55 212 57 2530 45 1980 46 1014 46 545 45 3539 8 d-CM 63 252 68 82 76 33 65 368 48 219 56 80 42 33 50 332 8 d-OM 61 257 64 161 53 47 61 466 50 191 53 77 56 16 51 284 8 d-T 62 509 65 243 63 80 63 834 49 410 55 157 47 49 50 616 All-CM 56 1272 58 442 60 148 57 1868 44 1288 47 607 43 235 45 2130 All-OM 55 1634 62 731 51 212 56 2582 47 1344 46 695 48 396 47 2435 All-T 55 2906 60 1173 55 360 57 4450 45 2632 47 1302 46 631 46 4565 1ST=stage; CM=critical months (June, July, August, September, and October); OM=other months.

scholarly journals Performance and blood parameters of Holstein/Zebu crossbred heifers fed with two tannins sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e128922150
Author(s):  
Carla Giselly de Souza ◽  
Severino Gonzaga Neto ◽  
Lara Toledo Henriques ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal Araújo ◽  
Luciana Thie Seki Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference

The present research objective was to evaluate the performance and blood parameters of lactating cows fed with a diet of two tannin sources, based on sorghum (condensed tannin)  with increasing concentrations of tannic acid (hydrolyzable tannin’s). Increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet for five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating cows were subject to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design. To assess the effect on cow intake, digestibility, milk production, and blood parameters. All cows received 9.87 kg/DM of corn silage as roughage and 6.38 kg of concentrate consisting of 2.58 kg/DM of ground sorghum 0.87 kg/DM of cornmeal 1.32 kg/DM of soybean bran 0.44 kg/DM of wheat bran 0.2 kg/ DM of urea and 0.18 kg/ DM of mineral mixture. Diet 1 (control) contained low-tannin sorghum and the other diets contained high-tannin sorghum. The levels of tannic acid added to the diets were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with 1.5g (13.%DM), 79.5g (2.6%DM), 157.5g (3.9%DM) and 235.5g (5.2%DM) of tannic acid, totalling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234 and 0.321 total tannin kg/day respectively, to assess the effect on microbial protein synthesis. The diets contained 35 kg of corn silage (roughage) and 6.40 kg of concentrate. The natural and dry matter intake did not significantly differ between groups, except for ether extract (EE) intake that significantly differed. The DM apparent digestibility, crude protein, EE, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrate, and non-fibrous carbohydrate did not differ (P > 0.05) with the increase in dietary tannin supplementation. The GOT levels increased linearly. The blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol (total, LDL and HDL) levels did not significantly differ. Hemoglobin showed a significant difference. No significant difference in urea, creatinine and uric acid occurred. Diets using two tannins sources supplementation caused no decrease in the dietary intake or digestibility in the animals. The GOT level changed significantly, showing linear behavior, however below the toxicity level, without any change in the other blood parameters. Milk production decreased with the increase in dietary tannin supplementation. 

scholarly journals The effect of low-dose aspirin on the pregnancy rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: A randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robab Davar ◽  
Soheila Pourmasumi ◽  
Banafsheh Mohammadi ◽  
Maryam Mortazavi Lahijani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy Rates

Background: The results of previous studies on the effect of low-dose aspirin in frozenthawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles are limited and controversial. Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-dose aspirin on the clinical pregnancy in the FET cycles. Materials and Methods: This study was performed as a randomized clinical trial from May 2018 to February 2019; 128 women who were candidates for the FET were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either 80 mg oral aspirin (n = 64) or no treatment. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate and secondary outcome measures were the implantation rate, miscarriage rate, and endometrial thickness. Results: The endometrial thickness was lower in patients who received aspirin in comparison to the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (p = 0.018). Chemical and clinical pregnancy rates and abortion rate was similar in the two groups and there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The administration of aspirin in FET cycles had no positive effect on the implantation and the chemical and clinical pregnancy rates, which is in accordance with current Cochrane review that does not recommend aspirin administration as a routine in assisted reproductive technology cycles. Key words: Aspirin, Embryo transfer, Pregnancy rates.

P–159 Slow-growing embryos should be frozen on day 5

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Zamora ◽  
I Katsouni ◽  
D Garcia ◽  
R Vassena ◽  
A Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract Study question What is the live birth rate after frozen embryo transfer (FET) of slow-growing embryos frozen on day 5 (D5) or on day 6 (D6)? Summary answer The live birth rate after single FET is significantly higher for slow-growing embryos frozen on D5 compared to those frozen on D6. What is known already Most data on the outcomes of blastocyst transfer stem from studies that evaluate fresh transfer from normal growing D5 blastocyst ET. However not all embryos will begin blastulation nor reach the fully expanded stage by D5; those are the slow-growing embryos. Studies that compare D5 to D6 embryos in FET cycles show contradictory results. Some have reported higher clinical pregnancy rates after D5 FET, while others have reported similar outcomes for D5 and D6 cryopreserved blastocyst transfers. There is a lack of evidence regarding the best approach for vitrifying embryos that exhibit a slow developmental kinetic. Study design, size, duration This retrospective cohort study included 821 single FET of slow-growing embryos frozen on D5 or D6, belonging to patients undergoing in vitro fertilization with donor oocytes between January 2011 and October 2019, in a single fertility center. The origin of blastocysts was either supernumerary embryos after fresh embryo transfer or blastocysts from freeze-all cycles. All embryos were transferred 2- 4h after thawing. Participants/materials, setting, methods We compared reproductive outcomes of slow-growing embryos frozen on D5 versus (n = 442) slow-growing embryos frozen on D6 (n = 379). D5 group consisted in embryos graded 0, 1, 2 of Gardner scale and frozen on D5. Similarly, D6 group consisted in embryos graded 3, 4, 5 of Gardner scale (blastocyst stage) and frozen on D6. Differences in pregnancy rates between study groups were compared using a Chi2 test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Main results and the role of chance Baseline characteristics were comparable between study groups. Overall, mean age of the woman was 42.3±5.4 years old; donor sperm was used in 25% of cycles, and it was frozen in 73.2% of cycles. Pregnancy rates were significantly higher when transferring slow D5 embryos compared to D6 for all the pregnancy outcomes analyzed: biochemical pregnancy rate was 27.7% vs 20.2%, p < 0.016; clinical pregnancy rate was 17.5% vs 10.2%, p < 0.004); ongoing pregnancy rate was: 15.7% vs 7.8% (p < 0.001); live birth rate was: 15.4% vs 7.5%, (p < 0.001). These results suggest that when embryos exhibit a slow development behavior (not reaching full blastocysts at D5), waiting until D6 for blastulation and expansion does not improve clinical outcomes. Vitrification at D5 will should the preferred option in cases where the oocyte is assumed of high quality Limitations, reasons for caution The retrospective design of the study is its main limitation. Also, morphology as sole selection criterion for transfer. However, blastocyst morphology is a very good predictor of implantation and pregnancy, and a good indicator of the embryo’s chromosomal status (higher euploidy rate in higher morphological quality blastocysts). Wider implications of the findings: These results can help to the standardization of laboratory protocols. As the decision of vitrifying slow developing embryos on D5 or D6 is made by the laboratory team or by the gynaecologist in agreement with the patient, having an evidence based strategy simplifies patient counselling and decision making. Trial registration number Not applicable

206 EFFECTS OF A COMBINATION OF A PRID, PGF2α AND eCG, ON ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND PREGNANCY RATE FOLLOWING EMBRYO TRANSFER IN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aoyagi ◽  
A. Ideta ◽  
M. Matsui ◽  
K. Hayama ◽  
M. Urakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

Successful bovine embryo transfer requires synchronization of luteolysis, estrus and ovulation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of a PRID, PGF2� and eCG, on estrus synchronization and pregnancy rate in recipient heifers. A PRID� (ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was inserted into the vagina at random days of the estrous cycle for 7 (n = 35) or 9 (n = 43) days. Two days before removal of the PRID, the heifers were injected with PGF2� IM (2 mL Resipron�-C containing 0.25 mg mL-1 cloprostenol; ASKA). About half of the heifers in each group received 250 IU eCG IM (Serotropin�; ASKA) at the time of PRID removal. Blood was collected several times from the start of treatment for 7 (n = 9) or 9 (n = 9) days and on the day of embryo transfer by jugular venipuncture; plasma was immediately separated and stored at -20�C until assayed for plasma concentrations of estradiol-17α (E2) and progesterone (P4). The E2 and P4 determinations were performed by enzyme immunoassay after extraction by diethyl ether. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography on Day 30 (Day 0 = estrus). The rates of successful standing estrus (no. in estrus/PRID inserted), embryo transfer (no. transferred/estrus), and pregnancy (no. pregnancy/transferred) were compared between groups. Data were analyzed by chi-square analysis or Fisher's PLSD test following ANOVA. Injection of eCG at the time of PRID removal had no significant effect on the rates of successful standing estrus, embryo transfer, or pregnancy (P > 0.05). The proportion of heifers treated for 9 days that exhibited standing estrus (93%, 40/43) was significantly higher than the proportion of heifers treated for 7 days that exhibited standing estrus (66%, 23/35, P < 0.01). Of the heifers that were treated for 9 days, the proportion of heifers exhibiting standing estrus within 2 days after the end of treatment was significantly higher (93%, 37/40) than for heifers that were treated for 7 days (65%, 15/23; P < 0.01). Pregnancy rates of heifers treated for 9 days (84%, 32/38) and 7 days (81%, 17/21) were not significantly different. The E2 : P4 ratio normally increases during follicle growth and CL regression. The plasma E2 : P4 ratio between the time of injection of PGF2α and the time of PRID removal was significantly higher for heifers that were treated for 9 days than it was for heifers that were treated for 7 days (P < 0.01). These results suggest that a combination of PRID treatment for 9 days and injection of PGF2α 2 days before PRID removal successfully synchronized estrus in recipient heifers and led to high pregnancy rates following embryo transfer.

109 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ULTRASONIC MORPHOLOGY OF CORPUS LUTEUM IN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS AND PREGNANCY RATE AFTER EMBRYO TRANSFER

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
A. Shirasawa ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
A. Ideta ◽  
Y. Oono ◽  
M. Urakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Experimental Group

Recipient animals for bovine embryo transfer (ET) are routinely selected according to the morphology of the corpus luteum (CL) estimated by rectal palpation. However, rectal palpation is not a precise method of diagnosing the functional status of a CL. Ovarian ultrasonography (US) may be used to improve such diagnoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ultrasonographic images of CL and pregnancy rates after ET in Holstein heifers to determine whether US can be used to select recipients for ET. Recipient heifers (n = 285) were selected by detection of natural oestrus or following oestrus synchronization using a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID; ASKA Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan). Transrectal US was performed immediately before ET, on Days 6 to 8 of the oestrous cycle (oestrus = Day 0), using a B-mode scanner (HS1500V; Honda Electronics Co. LTD, Aichi, Japan) equipped with a 7.5-MHz linear-array transducer designed for intrarectal placement. A cross-sectional image of the maximal area of the CL and luteal cavity was obtained. The areas of the CL and luteal cavity were each calculated using the formula for the area of an ellipse (height/2 × width/2 × π). (1) Ultrasonic morphology of CL was classified into 3 types: without cavity (n = 128), with cavity (n = 145) and with blood clot (n = 12). (2) The luteal cavity was categorized into 3 groups: small (<100 mm2, n = 93), medium (100 ≤ x < 200 mm2, n = 32) and large (≥200 mm2, n = 20). (3) Luteinized tissue area (total area of CL minus the area of the luteal cavity) was categorized into 3 groups: small (<250 mm2, n = 61), medium (250 ≤ x < 350 mm2, n = 128) and large (≥350 mm2, n = 84). In vivo–produced embryos were transferred nonsurgically into the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL. Pregnancy was determined by transrectal US on Days 30 to 40 of gestation. The pregnancy rates of each experimental group were analysed by logistic regression. In this study, the pregnancy rate did not differ significantly in each experimental group: (1) without cavity: 77.3% (99/128), with cavity: 75.2% (109/145) and blood clot: 75.0% (9/12); (2) small cavity: 73.1% (68/93), medium: 75.0% (24/32) and large: 85.0% (17/20). The mean area of the cavity was 100.8 ± 110.3 mm2 (mean ± standard deviation) and recipients with 0 to 539.7 mm2 sized cavities had successful pregnancies (observational range was 0 to 539.7 mm2). (3) The pregnancy rates of recipients that had small, medium and large luteinized tissue were 77.0% (47/61), 75.0% (96/128) and 77.4% (65/84), respectively. The mean area of luteinized tissue was 318.9 ± 90.3 mm2 and 155.0 to 620.0 mm2 sized luteinized tissue had pregnancy success (observational range was 132.8 to 620.0 mm2). In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that the presence of a luteal cavity or blood clot has no detrimental effect on pregnancy success after ET in Holstein heifers. Furthermore, no relationship was found between luteinized tissue area at the time of ET and pregnancy rate.

151 EFFECT OF RECIPIENT CATEGORY ON PREGNANCY RATES ON A BOVINE EMBRYO TRANSFER PROGRAM IN PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
J. Villarreal ◽  
A. Garcia Guerra ◽  
G. M. Brogliatti
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Embryo Transfer Program ◽  
Condition Score

The fertility of the recipient is one of the more important factors conditioning the success of an embryo transfer (ET) program. Selection and management of recipients is a very important contributing factor to achieve high pregnancy rates (Stroud and Hasler 2006 Theriogenology 65, 65–76). From a reproductive point of view, a good recipient is a cow capable of receiving an embryo and taking it to term (Palma et al. 2001 Biotecnologia de la reproduccion, INTA). In beef and dairy cattle, recipients are categorized according to number of births, age, and condition score (Stroud and Hasler 2006). A retrospective analysis was done to confirm a relationship between recipient category, based on their physiologic and reproductive stage, and pregnancy rates. The analysis was done during January and February (2006–2007) based on data recovered from an embryo transfer program done in Chubut province (Patagonia) for the project ‘Polo Genetico Angus’ (Angus Association – Chubut government agreement). Two hundred and seven morulas and/or blastocysts, quality 1 or 2 frozen in 1.5 m ethylene glycol (IETS manual), were transferred randomly in 10 different farms. Embryos were thawed for 10 s at room temperature and 30 s in a water bath at 35°C and transferred by one single technician. Angus, Hereford, or its breeds were used as recipients. A reproductive exam was performed before embryo transfer and, based on it, recipients were classified into 4 categories: heifer (3–4 years old), lactating cow, weaned cow, and dry old cow (Table 1). The synchronization protocol used for recipients consisted of a single administration of D-cloprostenol and heat detection twice a day for 5 days. Data were analyzed by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test (chi-square). Results are shown in Table 1. There is a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in pregnancy rates among categories. Recipients with higher pregnancy rates were lactating cows and weaned cows 61.6% and 56.9%, respectively, compared to heifers, 45.3%; a lower pregnancy rate was founded in the dry old cows group. Dry cows were animals that failed to get pregnant during the last season. Heifers also were animals that failed the artificial insemination program. In both groups, the reduced fertility may explain their lower pregnancy rates. In conclusion, selection toward fertility of recipients is a very important factor to take into account to design a successful embryo transfer program. Table 1. Pregnancy rates for recipient categories in an ET program in Chubut (Patagonia), Argentina This research was supported by Centro Genetico Bovino Eolia.

10 Pregnancy rates following artificial insemination or embryo transfer in lactating Holstein cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
M. Oliveira ◽  
R. Santos ◽  
R. Chebel ◽  
D. Demetrio
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
June July

Excessive heat affects the fertility of high production lactating cows, and reduced pregnancy rates (PR) are observed during summer and early fall. Embryo production programs are used to produce more calves from high genetic merit animals, but could it also increase fertility by bypassing all the negative variables affecting the embryo development before Day 7 (oocyte development, ovulation, fertilization, early embryo development)? The data from AIs and embryo transfers (ET) between June 2017 and May 2019 were analysed. June, July, August, September, and October were called critical months (first-service AI conception rate dropped below 44%). The cows were located at Maddox Dairy in Riverdale, CA, USA, a Holstein herd that milks 3500 cows with a 305-day mature-equivalent milk production of 12 800 kg. First- and second-lactation cows were enrolled in a Presynch-Ovsynch oestrus-synchronization program and scheduled for the first AI at 86 days after calving or to receive an embryo 7 or 8 days after the expected heat. The embryos were produced invivo or invitro from Holstein donors and were transferred fresh or frozen. Blood was sampled on Day 30 after expected heat day (23 days after embryo transfer), and pregnancy was detected by the IDEXX PAG Bovine Pregnancy Test. Table 1 summarises the results, where ET PR% is the number of pregnant cows divided by the number of cows that received and embryo. All the cows synchronized for AI were bred, but only cows with the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) on ET day received an embryo. The presence of a CL was not detected in 28.7% (471/1642) of the cows (32.2% in the critical months and 25.7% in the others). Unfortunately, we could not detect the presence of a CL by ultrasonography every time we transferred embryos, so the nonovulation rate might be overestimated. The cows without a CL were considered open and used to calculate the adjusted PR (AdjPR%). Embryo transfer PR is superior to that of AI, especially during the critical months. Fresh invivo embryos have the most impact. When the cows without CLs are considered open, the difference between AI and ET is still evident for fresh invivo embryos. Besides producing animals with higher genetic merit, depending on the type of embryo used, ET can increase fertility in lactating Holstein cows, especially during the critical months. The other benefit of using ET is that cows that do not ovulate are synchronized right away, which is not the case for AI cows. Table 1.AI×embryo transfer in lactating Holstein cows1 from June 2017 to May 20192 Item Critical months (June to October) Other months (November to May) All year %PR n Adj PR% n %PR n Adj PR% n %PR n Adj PR% n Artificial insemination 41.2% 896 41.2% 896 47.7% 1767 47.7% 1767 45.5% 2663 2663 Fresh invivo embryo 62.7% 373 47.5% 493 69.5% 262 55.3% 329 65.5% 635 50.6% 822 Frozen invivo embryo 59.3% 221 44.8% 292 59.4% 256 47.3% 322 59.3% 477 46.1% 614 IVF fresh embryo 47.9% 167 36.2% 221 54.0% 363 43.0% 456 52.1% 530 40.8% 677 Total embryos 58.5% 761 44.2% 1006 60.2% 881 47.9% 1107 59.4% 1642 46.1% 2113 1Lactating Holstein cows, first and second lactation, first service, Presynch-Ovsynch, 85 DIM. 2PR%=the number of pregnant cows divided by the number of cows that received and embryo; AdjPR%=adjusted pregnancy rate.

scholarly journals Theoretical Model of the Relationship between Single Embryo Transfer Rate and Multiple Pregnancy Rate in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuichi Ooki
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Single Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy Rate

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of single embryo transfer (SET) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the reduction of the multiple pregnancy rate. We also estimated the monozygotic (MZ) twinning rates according to the SET diffusion indirectly. A reverse sigmoid curve was assumed and examined using nationwide data of SET from 2007 to 2009 in Japan. The multiple pregnancy rate decreased almost linearly where the SET pregnancy rate was between about 40% and 80% of regression approximation. The linear approximation overestimated multiple pregnancy rates in an early period and underestimated multiple pregnancy rates in the final period. The multiple pregnancy rate seemed to be influenced by the improvement of the total pregnancy rate of ART in the early period and by the MZ twinning after SET in the final period. The estimated MZ twinning rate after SET was around 2%.

INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF NOISE LEVEL IN THE NORTHERN PART OF KLAIPEDA CITY/TRIUKŠMO LYGIO ŠIAURINĖJE KLAIPĖDOS MIESTO DALYJE TYRIMAI IR ĮVERTINIMAS/ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И АНАЛИЗ ШУМОВОГО УРОВНЯ В СЕВЕРНОЙ ЧАСТИ ГОРОДА КЛАЙПЕДЫ

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidotas Vaišis ◽  
Tomas Januševičius
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
June July August ◽  
The World ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
June July ◽  
July August September

The problem of noise is topical not only in Lithuania but the world over as well. The northern part of Klaipeda city is distinct for its industry and heavy traffic in the streets. Noise research was carried out in 17 selected measurement locations in the northern part of Klaipeda city. Noise measurements were taken in May, June, July, August, September, October and November. The measurements were made three times during the day: in the day time from 6 a.m. till 6 p.m., in the evening from 6 p.m. till 10 p.m. and at night from 10 p.m. till 6 a.m. The locations of the measurements are marked on the map. In order to distinguish the source of bigger noise between industry and transport, the northern part was divided into two belts. Industry is prevalent in the first belt, whereas the main troublemakers in the second belt are motor vehicles. The measured noise level is compared with permissible standards in measurement locations, where noise level is usually exceeded, and the analysis of noise levels is presented. In order to show the spread of noise in Klaipeda at all three times of the day more vividly, maps of isolines were compiled. Santrauka Triukšmas - ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir visame pasaulyje aktuali problema. Klaipedos miesto šiaurine dalis yra išskirtine savo pramone ir intensyviu eismu gatvese. Triukšmo tyrimai atlikti šiaurineje Klaipedos miesto dalyje, 17‐oje pasirinktu matavimo vietu. Triukšmas matuotas gegužes, birželio, liepos, rugpjūčio, rugsejo, spalio ir lapkričio menesiais. Matavimai atlikti trimis paros laikais: diena nuo 6–18 valandos, vakare nuo 18–22 valandos ir nakti nuo 22–6 valandos. Matavimo vietos pateiktos žemelapyje. Siekiant nustatyti, kas kelia didesni triukšma ‐ pramone ar transportas, šiaurine miesto dalis suskirstyta i dvi zonas. Pirmojoje zonoje vyrauja pramone, o antrojoje zonoje pagrindinis triukšmo šaltinis automobiliai. Išmatuotas triukšmo lygis palygintas su leistinosiomis normomis. Pateikta matavimo vietu, kuriose dažniausiai viršijamas triukšmo lygis, triukšmo lygiu analize. Siekiant aiškiau parodyti, kaip triukšmas pasiskirsto Klaipedos mieste visais trimis paros laikais, sudaryti izoliniju žemelapiai. Резюме Шум является актуальной проблемой не только в Литве, но и во всем мире. Северная часть города Клайпеды является промышленным районом с интенсивным транспортным движением. Для исследования шума в этой части города было выбрано 17 мест замера. Шум измерялся с мая по ноябрь. Измерения проводились 3 раза в разное время суток: днем в 6–18 ч, вечером в 18–22 ч и ночью в 22–6 ч. Места замеров показаны на карте. С целью установить, что является бóльшим источником шума – промышленные предприятия или транспортные средства, северная часть города была поделена на две зоны. В первой зоне преобладали промышленные предприятия, а во второй – транспорт. Измеренный уровень шума сравнивался с разрешенным нормами. Для мест замеров, в которых чаще всего уровень шума превышал норму, предлагался анализ уровня шума. Для лучшего представления о распределении шума в городе Клайпеде в разное время суток были созданы карты изолиний.

scholarly journals Impact of Forcing Summer Asparagus in Coastal South Carolina on Yield, Quality, and Recovery from Harvest Pressure

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dufault
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
June July August ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
June July ◽  
Spring Harvest ◽  
First Time ◽  
July August September

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of forcing summer asparagus (May to October) and age at first harvest after transplanting on yield and quality. Ten-week-old `UC 157 F1' asparagus seedlings were field-planted on Sept. 1986 and forced to emerge from 1988 to 1992 by mowing fern in separate replicated plots in May, June, July, August, September, or October. Forcing treatments were not spring-harvested. Forced yields were compared to normal spring harvests (emerging from January to April). Harvesting began for the first time ≈18 or 30 months after transplanting. Spring 1988 yields were greatest of all, but declined yearly for 5 years. Summer forcing in either July or August maintained acceptable yields through 1992. The warmer climate during summer forcing caused most plants to reach the prescribed cutting pressure (eight spears per plant) within a standard 6-week harvest season. Cooler temperatures during spring harvest seasons slowed spear emergence and prevented the plants from reaching prescribed cutting pressure. Forcing in May and June was too stressful to plant recovery after the harvest season by reducing fern regrowth and increasing plant death. Cooler temperatures during October forcing inhibited spear emergence. Forcing in September yielded less than forcing in July and August, but September asparagus would command higher market prices. There was no advantage at any harvest time to delay first harvests from 18 to 30 months after transplanting. Forcing in July through September has potential as an alternative enterprise in coastal South Carolina.

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