scholarly journals Condom use errors and problems: a global view

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Sanders ◽  
William L. Yarber ◽  
Erin L. Kaufman ◽  
Richard A. Crosby ◽  
Cynthia A. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Global View ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Closing The Gap

Background Significantly more research attention has been devoted to the consistency of condom use, with far fewer studies investigating condom use errors and problems. The purpose of this review was to present the frequency of various condom use errors and problems reported worldwide. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles, published in English-language journals between 1995 and 2011. Results: Fifty articles representing 14 countries met criteria for inclusion. The most common errors included not using condoms throughout sex, not leaving space at the tip, not squeezing air from the tip, putting the condom on upside down, not using water-based lubricants and incorrect withdrawal. Frequent problems included breakage, slippage, leakage, condom-associated erection problems, and difficulties with fit and feel. Prevalence estimates showed great variation across studies. Prevalence varied as a function of the population studied and the period assessed. Conclusion: Condom use errors and problems are common worldwide, occurring across a wide spectrum of populations. Although breakage and slippage were most commonly investigated, the prevalence of other condom use errors and problems found in this review were substantially higher. As a framework for understanding the role of condom errors and problems in inadequate protection, we put forward a new model: the Condom Use Experience model. This model can be used to generate testable hypotheses for future research. Addressing condom use errors and problems in research and interventions is crucial to closing the gap between the perfect use and typical use of condoms.

scholarly journals A theoretical model of transformational leadership and knowledge creation: The role of open-mindedness norms and leader–member exchange

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman HM Tse ◽  
Rebecca J Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractConsiderable research attention has been devoted to understanding the importance of knowledge creation in organisations over the last decade. Research suggests that leadership plays an important role in knowledge-creation processes. Nonetheless, there is an important omission in knowledge creation research; namely, what are the underlying processes that underpin the implications of leadership for knowledge creation? This article aims to develop a theoretical model of leadership and knowledge creation by drawing on two contrasting leadership perspectives; that is transformational leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX), and the research on open-mindedness norms. Specifically, we argue why transformational leadership is related to knowledge creation, and also theorise how open-mindedness norms and LMX quality serve as underlying mechanisms to underpin the effect of transformational leadership on knowledge creation. We conclude with a discussion of implications of the model for theory and practice, and also suggest potential avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Assessing English Teachers as a Foreign Language (EFL) Telecollaborative Competence: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulateef Al Khateeb
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
First Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
English Language Teachers ◽  
Future Research Directions

The role of telecollaborative competence has become vital among twenty-first century English language teachers. Yet, the reinforcement of this competence with its establishment within educational systems is not always straightforward; particularly in traditional educational settings. Looking at telecollaborative competence amongst English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in relation to region, gender and qualification have become central inquiries within this research. The findings have shown correlation among some elements of telecollaborative competence as shown in Tables 1-6. In line with these findings, some recommendations, and future research directions have been suggested.

scholarly journals Choroidal Proteins Involved in Cerebrospinal Fluid Production may be Potential Drug Targets for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. PMC.S6509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wostyn ◽  
Kurt Audenaert ◽  
Peter Paul De Deyn
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Β Amyloid

Alzheimer's disease is known to be the most common form of dementia in the elderly. It is clinically characterized by impairment of cognitive functions, as well as changes in personality, behavioral disturbances and an impaired ability to perform activities of daily living. To date, there are no effective ways to cure or reverse the disease. Genetic studies of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease cases revealed causative mutations in the genes encoding β-amyloid precursor protein and the γ-secretase-complex components presenilin-1 and presenilin-2, supporting an important role of β-amyloid in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Compromised function of the choroid plexus and defective cerebrospinal fluid production and turnover, with diminished clearance of β-amyloid, may play an important role in late-onset forms of Alzheimer's disease. If reduced cerebrospinal fluid turnover is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, then therapeutic strategies to improve cerebrospinal fluid flow are reasonable. However, the role of deficient cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in Alzheimer's disease and the relevance of choroidal proteins as potential therapeutic targets to enhance cerebrospinal fluid turnover have received relatively little research attention. In this paper, we discuss several choroidal proteins, such as Na+-K+ ATPase, carbonic anhydrase, and aquaporin 1, that may be targets for pharmacological up-regulation of cerebrospinal fluid formation. The search for potentially beneficial drugs useful to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by facilitating cerebrospinal fluid production and turnover may be an important area for future research. However, the ultimate utility of such modulators in the management of Alzheimer's disease remains to be determined. Here, we hypothesize that caffeine, the most commonly used psychoactive drug in the world, may be an attractive therapeutic candidate for treatment of Alzheimer's disease since long-term caffeine consumption may augment cerebrospinal fluid production. Other potential mechanisms of cognitive protection by caffeine have been suggested by recent studies.

scholarly journals A theoretical model of transformational leadership and knowledge creation: The role of open-mindedness norms and leader–member exchange

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman HM Tse ◽  
Rebecca J Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractConsiderable research attention has been devoted to understanding the importance of knowledge creation in organisations over the last decade. Research suggests that leadership plays an important role in knowledge-creation processes. Nonetheless, there is an important omission in knowledge creation research; namely, what are the underlying processes that underpin the implications of leadership for knowledge creation? This article aims to develop a theoretical model of leadership and knowledge creation by drawing on two contrasting leadership perspectives; that is transformational leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX), and the research on open-mindedness norms. Specifically, we argue why transformational leadership is related to knowledge creation, and also theorise how open-mindedness norms and LMX quality serve as underlying mechanisms to underpin the effect of transformational leadership on knowledge creation. We conclude with a discussion of implications of the model for theory and practice, and also suggest potential avenues for future research.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on the Relationship between Female Reproductive Factors and Longevity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 885-886
Author(s):  
Christy Costanian ◽  
Raymond Farah ◽  
Sola Bahous ◽  
Abla Sibai
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This review presents findings on the role of female reproductive factors on longevity.A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using four electronic databases: OVID Medline, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until May 2020 and restricted to English language articles that tackle the relationship between reproductive factors and longevity in its various definitions. Our search yielded a total of 306 articles. After screening based on the eligibility criteria,37 articles were included for review. The majority of studies were prospective and conducted in Western populations. The most consistent findings were between parity and increased longevity. The role of ages at menarche and menopause, premature menopause, as well as reproductive lifespan on longevity were not conclusive. Whether gender of offspring is related to maternal longevity is yet to be fully elucidated.Variations in findings are in the majority due to differentials in the definition of longevity as an outcome. Further longitudinal studies based in developing countries are needed to examine reproductive factors related to longevity.

scholarly journals The role of communicative failures in the creation of Internet memes

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
Iryna Sapozhnyk ◽  
Nataliia Tsygan
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
The Creation

The article deals with the notion of communicative failure as one of the key issues in communicative linguistics. The types of communicative failures are examined and the main causes that become a catalyst for the creation of Internet memes are analyzed. Scientists in communicative linguistics mainly explore the processes that help to create the images of a "perfect speaker" or a "perfect listener", since the factors which contribute to successful communication are certainly one of the most important tasks in this field. However, taking into account all the key factors that may influence a communicative act when using a language in the process of real communication, there is always a place for linguistic asymmetry. Therefore, it is not surprising that one of the main issues in communicative linguistics is the phenomenon of communicative failure, its causes and consequences. Having analyzed a certain number of memes according to the generalized classification of F. S. Batsevych in order to identify the main reasons for the Internet memes formation, we conclude that communicative failure is a very popular phenomenon, which occurs constantly and everywhere, where interaction takes place. All types of communicative failures can serve as a background for Internet memes. In our future research, we intend to focus on exploring the strategies and tactics of the communicative act based on English-language Internet memes.

Igniting the Fire Within

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela L. Gohlke ◽  
Katherine M. Murphy ◽  
Megan E. Cannell ◽  
David B. Ray ◽  
Melinda J. Burnworth
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Action Committee ◽  
Capitol Hill ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Structured Approach

Due to the expanding role of pharmacy in health care, it is imperative that pharmacy professionals work together to advocate for the profession. An English-language only literature search was conducted of the PubMed and Medline databases using the key words advocacy, grassroots, political action committee, lobbying, politics, political action, legislation, letter writing, pharmacy, pharmacist, Capitol Hill. Up-to-date information regarding pharmacy-specific advocacy was limited and difficult to locate. Information from the literature search was supplemented with interviews of professionals actively engaged in advocacy, personal experience, and Web sites of national pharmacy organizations. This primer ignites the fire for political advocacy within pharmacy professionals by reinforcing the significant impact that advocacy has on the profession and by providing information on how to become involved. The primer provides a comprehensive “pocket guide” of resources combined into an easy-to-use reference for pharmacy professionals and outlines a structured approach on how to become a pharmacy advocate, ranging from a minimal level of involvement to master political activist, and to promote interest among pharmacy professionals to become more engaged with advocacy. Even a small act of advocacy or volunteerism can transform a spark into a raging fire.

Genetics of von Willebrand Disease Type 1

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
James P. Riddel ◽  
Bradley E. Aouizerat
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Von Willebrand

The most common form of von Willebrand disease (VWD) is reported to be type 1, accounting for as much as 80% of reported cases. With prevalence estimates as high as 1.6% in the general population, upwards of 4.5 million Americans may be affected. Unfortunately, VWD type 1 is also the most difficult type to diagnose. Despite the continuing progress in defining the genetic lesions responsible for VWD types 2 and 3, identification of the genetic determinants of VWD type 1 remains elusive. Herein the phenomenon known as VWD is summarized, the challenges associated with the diagnosis of type 1 VWD are described, and the role of genetic research in meeting these challenges is explored. The authors identify key gaps in the current genetics literature and suggest new avenues for future research. Lastly, they explore the role of nurses in this research and clinical endeavor. To the authors'knowledge, this review is the first to address these complex issues in nursing research.

scholarly journals A narrative review on the role of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriuria in S. aureus Bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Schuler ◽  
Peter J Barth ◽  
Silke Niemann ◽  
Frieder Schaumburg
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Sortase A ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Molecular Pathomechanisms

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria (SABU) can occur in patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). However, little is known on the (molecular) pathomechanisms of the renal passage of S. aureus. This review discusses the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SABU in patients with SAB and identifies knowledge gaps. The literature search was restricted to the English language. The prevalence of SABU in patients with SAB is 7.8%-39% depending on the study design. The main risk factor for SABU is urinary tract catheterization. SABU in SAB-patients is associated with increased mortality. Given present evidence, haematogenous seeding - as seen in animal models - and the development of micro-abscesses best describes the translocation of S. aureus from blood to urine. Virulence factors that might be involved are adhesion factors, sortase A and coagulase and among others. Other potential routes of bacterial translocation (e.g. transcytosis, paracytosis, translocation via `Trojan horses`) were identified as knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals Effect of Performance Management on Employees Well-Being via Perceived Job Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Hooria Sattar ◽  
Lubna Khaliq ◽  
Mattiullah Butt
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The significant amount of research attention was given to the association among HRM and well-being; but how the attention driving performance management influences well-being and what variables explain their relation has not been well discussed yet. This study investigates the relationship between performance management practices and employees well being when perceived job control is playing the role of mediator. The Present research study addresses this relation in, educating employees working in different sectors in Lahore city as the city recruits employees from different areas of the country (Pakistan). Data was gathered from 250 employees and results show that performance management significantly influences our mediator and well-being and also the mediator (perceived job control) significantly influences the relationship between performance management practices and well-being. For future research purposes, limitations as well as future directions are also discussed in this research.

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