scholarly journals A narrative review on the role of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriuria in S. aureus Bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Schuler ◽  
Peter J Barth ◽  
Silke Niemann ◽  
Frieder Schaumburg
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Sortase A ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Molecular Pathomechanisms

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria (SABU) can occur in patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). However, little is known on the (molecular) pathomechanisms of the renal passage of S. aureus. This review discusses the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SABU in patients with SAB and identifies knowledge gaps. The literature search was restricted to the English language. The prevalence of SABU in patients with SAB is 7.8%-39% depending on the study design. The main risk factor for SABU is urinary tract catheterization. SABU in SAB-patients is associated with increased mortality. Given present evidence, haematogenous seeding - as seen in animal models - and the development of micro-abscesses best describes the translocation of S. aureus from blood to urine. Virulence factors that might be involved are adhesion factors, sortase A and coagulase and among others. Other potential routes of bacterial translocation (e.g. transcytosis, paracytosis, translocation via `Trojan horses`) were identified as knowledge gaps.

Role of teichoic acids in Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization, a major risk factor in nosocomial infections

10.1038/nm991 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Weidenmaier ◽  
John F Kokai-Kun ◽  
Sascha A Kristian ◽  
Tanya Chanturiya ◽  
Hubert Kalbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Major Risk Factor ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Teichoic Acids

The role of Staphylococcus aureus sortase A and sortase B in murine arthritis

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing-Marie Jonsson ◽  
Sarkis K Mazmanian ◽  
Olaf Schneewind ◽  
Tomas Bremell ◽  
Andrzej Tarkowski
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sortase A

scholarly journals Condom use errors and problems: a global view

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Sanders ◽  
William L. Yarber ◽  
Erin L. Kaufman ◽  
Richard A. Crosby ◽  
Cynthia A. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Global View ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Closing The Gap

Background Significantly more research attention has been devoted to the consistency of condom use, with far fewer studies investigating condom use errors and problems. The purpose of this review was to present the frequency of various condom use errors and problems reported worldwide. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles, published in English-language journals between 1995 and 2011. Results: Fifty articles representing 14 countries met criteria for inclusion. The most common errors included not using condoms throughout sex, not leaving space at the tip, not squeezing air from the tip, putting the condom on upside down, not using water-based lubricants and incorrect withdrawal. Frequent problems included breakage, slippage, leakage, condom-associated erection problems, and difficulties with fit and feel. Prevalence estimates showed great variation across studies. Prevalence varied as a function of the population studied and the period assessed. Conclusion: Condom use errors and problems are common worldwide, occurring across a wide spectrum of populations. Although breakage and slippage were most commonly investigated, the prevalence of other condom use errors and problems found in this review were substantially higher. As a framework for understanding the role of condom errors and problems in inadequate protection, we put forward a new model: the Condom Use Experience model. This model can be used to generate testable hypotheses for future research. Addressing condom use errors and problems in research and interventions is crucial to closing the gap between the perfect use and typical use of condoms.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on the Relationship between Female Reproductive Factors and Longevity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 885-886
Author(s):  
Christy Costanian ◽  
Raymond Farah ◽  
Sola Bahous ◽  
Abla Sibai
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This review presents findings on the role of female reproductive factors on longevity.A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using four electronic databases: OVID Medline, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until May 2020 and restricted to English language articles that tackle the relationship between reproductive factors and longevity in its various definitions. Our search yielded a total of 306 articles. After screening based on the eligibility criteria,37 articles were included for review. The majority of studies were prospective and conducted in Western populations. The most consistent findings were between parity and increased longevity. The role of ages at menarche and menopause, premature menopause, as well as reproductive lifespan on longevity were not conclusive. Whether gender of offspring is related to maternal longevity is yet to be fully elucidated.Variations in findings are in the majority due to differentials in the definition of longevity as an outcome. Further longitudinal studies based in developing countries are needed to examine reproductive factors related to longevity.

Igniting the Fire Within

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela L. Gohlke ◽  
Katherine M. Murphy ◽  
Megan E. Cannell ◽  
David B. Ray ◽  
Melinda J. Burnworth
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Action Committee ◽  
Capitol Hill ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Structured Approach

Due to the expanding role of pharmacy in health care, it is imperative that pharmacy professionals work together to advocate for the profession. An English-language only literature search was conducted of the PubMed and Medline databases using the key words advocacy, grassroots, political action committee, lobbying, politics, political action, legislation, letter writing, pharmacy, pharmacist, Capitol Hill. Up-to-date information regarding pharmacy-specific advocacy was limited and difficult to locate. Information from the literature search was supplemented with interviews of professionals actively engaged in advocacy, personal experience, and Web sites of national pharmacy organizations. This primer ignites the fire for political advocacy within pharmacy professionals by reinforcing the significant impact that advocacy has on the profession and by providing information on how to become involved. The primer provides a comprehensive “pocket guide” of resources combined into an easy-to-use reference for pharmacy professionals and outlines a structured approach on how to become a pharmacy advocate, ranging from a minimal level of involvement to master political activist, and to promote interest among pharmacy professionals to become more engaged with advocacy. Even a small act of advocacy or volunteerism can transform a spark into a raging fire.

scholarly journals Infections caused by Clostridium difficile in cancer patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
I. A. Klyuchnikova ◽  
I. N. Petukhova ◽  
Z. V. Grigorievskaya ◽  
N. S. Bagirova ◽  
I. V. Tereshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea

The purpose of the studywas to determine the role of antibiotics as a risk factor of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in hospitalized cancer patients.Material and Methods. The study included 844 hospitalized cancer patients with diarrhea. The presence of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in the fecal samples was determined by enzyme immunoassay.Results.Clostridium difficile toxins A and B were detected in 100 cancer patients (42 % men and 58 % women). The incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea was higher in women than in men (р<0.02). Patients with hemoblastosis and gastrointestinal tumors were more susceptible to the development of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (p<0.02). The use of cephalosporin antibiotics was the main risk factor (р<0.001). In our study, 46 % of the patients took antibiotics.Conclusion.Clostridium difficile was shown to play a significant role in the development of diarrhea in cancer patients, and early detection of Clostridium difficile infection contributes to the early onset of therapy.

scholarly journals The Role of Epigenetics in the Fibrotic Processes Associated with Glaucoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona McDonnell ◽  
Colm O’Brien ◽  
Deborah Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Hypoxic Environment

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that affects 60 million people worldwide. The main risk factor for glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure (IOP), this is currently the only target for treatment of glaucoma. However, some patients show disease progression despite well-controlled IOP. Another possible therapeutic target is the extracellular matrix (ECM) changes in glaucoma. There is an accumulation of ECM in the lamina cribrosa (LC) and trabecular meshwork (TM) and upregulation of profibrotic factors such as transforming growth factorβ(TGFβ), collagen1α1 (COL1A1), andα-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). One method of regulating fibrosis is through epigenetics; the study of heritable changes in gene function caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to drive renal and pulmonary fibrosis by upregulating profibrotic factors. Hypoxia alters epigenetic mechanisms through regulating the cell’s response and there is a hypoxic environment in the LC and TM in glaucoma. This review looks at the role that hypoxia plays in inducing aberrant epigenetic mechanisms and the role these mechanisms play in inducing fibrosis. Evidence suggests that a hypoxic environment in glaucoma may induce aberrant epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to disease fibrosis. These may prove to be relevant therapeutic targets in glaucoma.

scholarly journals Role of Nutrition and Exercise Programs in Reducing Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurik ◽  
Stastny
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Language Studies

The combined effect of diet and strength training (ST) on blood pressure (BP) seems to be very important for the treatment of prehypertension and hypertension (HT). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether ST alone or combined with nutrition or supplementation has an impact on the arterial pressure reduction in normotensive and hypertensive populations. A systematic computerized literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar; only English language studies published from 1999 until 2018 were included. This systematic search identified the results of 303 individuals from nine studies. The ST program alone had a similar effectiveness as the nutrition program (NP) alone; however, their combination did not result in increased effectiveness in terms of a high BP reduction. The consumption of L-citrulline had a similar effect as ST on lowering BP; on the other hand, caffeine led to an increase in BP during the ST session. Our data suggest that a combination of ST 2–3 times a week at moderate intensity and a NP seems to be equally effective in terms of lowering BP (systolic and diastolic) as ST and NP alone.

Relationship of Scabies With Pioderma: As a Risk Factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Yulia Farida Yahya ◽  
Fifa Argentina ◽  
Rusmawardiana Rusmawardiana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scabies Infestation

Scabies is a parasitic infestation of the skin, that is affecting on the low income and crowded community in many tropical countries, especially developing countries such as Indonesia. Scabies infestation increases the incidence of secondary pyoderma include impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, ecthyma, abscess. Secondary pyoderma is a skin infection disease mainly caused by     group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Pyoderma is a risk factor for the glomerulonephritis infection, rheumatic diseases, which significantly increases morbidity and mortality, causing the government burden. The aim of this study is  determining the etiology and correlation of pyoderma infection in scabies patient. To determine sosio-demographic included sex, age in pediatric patients in primary schools (SD) in the district of Kertapati Palembang. The study design was cross sectional, and study samples were new scabies patients in the elementary school (age 6-14-year-old) with or without pyoderma. Clinical findings included history, physical examination and diagnostic procedure, which was investigation of skin scraping specimen material (SSB = skin surface biopsy) in confirmation with dermoscopic polar examination (DS) to show Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Microbiological examination with Gram stain identified the etiology of pyoderma.  Results of this study shows that there was a significance relationship between scabies infestation and pyoderma in children in elementary school. Staphylococcus aureus dan GAS are the most common caused of pyoderma in pediatric patients with scabies. Conclusion is there is a significant correlation between scabies and pyoderma. There is  a need to provide scabies and pyoderma medication at primary care health center as well as counseling for prevention in Palembang area with crowded population periodically.  

Tertiary English-majored Students’ Perceptions toward the Role of Pronunciation in English Language Learning and their Practicing Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-279
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
The University

Accurate pronunciation has a vital role in English language learning as it can help learners to avoid misunderstanding in communication. However, EFL learners in many contexts, especially at the University of Phan Thiet, still encounter many difficulties in pronouncing English correctly. Therefore, this study endeavors to explore English-majored students’ perceptions towards the role of pronunciation in English language learning and examine their pronunciation practicing strategies (PPS). It involved 155 English-majored students at the University of Phan Thiet who answered closed-ended questionnaires and 18 English-majored students who participated in semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that students strongly believed in the important role of pronunciation in English language learning; however, they sometimes employed PPS for their pronunciation improvement. Furthermore, the results showed that participants tended to use naturalistic practicing strategies and formal practicing strategies with sounds, but they overlooked strategies such as asking for help and cooperating with peers. Such findings could contribute further to the understanding of how students perceive the role of pronunciation and their PPS use in the research’s context and other similar ones. Received 10th June 2019; Revised 12th March 2020; Accepted 12th April 2020

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