Igniting the Fire Within

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela L. Gohlke ◽  
Katherine M. Murphy ◽  
Megan E. Cannell ◽  
David B. Ray ◽  
Melinda J. Burnworth
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Action Committee ◽  
Capitol Hill ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Structured Approach

Due to the expanding role of pharmacy in health care, it is imperative that pharmacy professionals work together to advocate for the profession. An English-language only literature search was conducted of the PubMed and Medline databases using the key words advocacy, grassroots, political action committee, lobbying, politics, political action, legislation, letter writing, pharmacy, pharmacist, Capitol Hill. Up-to-date information regarding pharmacy-specific advocacy was limited and difficult to locate. Information from the literature search was supplemented with interviews of professionals actively engaged in advocacy, personal experience, and Web sites of national pharmacy organizations. This primer ignites the fire for political advocacy within pharmacy professionals by reinforcing the significant impact that advocacy has on the profession and by providing information on how to become involved. The primer provides a comprehensive “pocket guide” of resources combined into an easy-to-use reference for pharmacy professionals and outlines a structured approach on how to become a pharmacy advocate, ranging from a minimal level of involvement to master political activist, and to promote interest among pharmacy professionals to become more engaged with advocacy. Even a small act of advocacy or volunteerism can transform a spark into a raging fire.

scholarly journals Role of ICTs in Promoting Learner Independence and Motivation in English Language Classes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Khem Raj Joshi ◽  
Guru Prasad Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Education ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Learner Perceptions ◽  
Ict Tools

This article builds up on an action research which was carried out mainly with two major purposes: to investigate learner perceptions and attitudes in the use of ICTs in English language classes; and to examine the role of ICTs in promoting the learner independence and motivation. The population of the study consisted of all the students from the Department of English Education, Central Department of Education, Kirtipur. The area was purposively selected; we have been teaching in the same place for seven years. The participants were 37 students who were also purposively selected. Among them, only 15 students were invited to a focused group discussion (FGD). However, all the students participated in the intervention for the whole semester. The intervention was implemented during the instruction. The major ICT tools adopted for the study were: web sites, e-mails and multimedia. We administered three progress tests to assess their progress in terms of independence and motivation. The findings of this research show that the learners are well motivated and positive in the use of ICTs in language teaching.

Congressional Voting on Labor Issues: The Role of PACS

ILR Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Roll Call Voting ◽  
Congressional Voting ◽  
Action Committee ◽  
Labor Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Direct Effect

This study measures the impact of labor and corporate political action committee (PAC) contributions on the voting of members of the House of Representatives on labor issues during 1979–80. It also analyzes the allocation of labor PAC contributions among House candidates. PAC contributions were found to have a significant direct effect on roll-call voting, even controlling for the Representative's political party and characteristics of the constituency. Since PAC money also affects roll-call voting indirectly (by influencing which party wins elections), the overall impact of PAC money on Congressional voting is probably substantial. The author also finds that labor PACs have focused more on influencing the outcome of elections than on currying favor with powerful members of the House who are likely to be re-elected anyway.

scholarly journals Condom use errors and problems: a global view

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Sanders ◽  
William L. Yarber ◽  
Erin L. Kaufman ◽  
Richard A. Crosby ◽  
Cynthia A. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Global View ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Closing The Gap

Background Significantly more research attention has been devoted to the consistency of condom use, with far fewer studies investigating condom use errors and problems. The purpose of this review was to present the frequency of various condom use errors and problems reported worldwide. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles, published in English-language journals between 1995 and 2011. Results: Fifty articles representing 14 countries met criteria for inclusion. The most common errors included not using condoms throughout sex, not leaving space at the tip, not squeezing air from the tip, putting the condom on upside down, not using water-based lubricants and incorrect withdrawal. Frequent problems included breakage, slippage, leakage, condom-associated erection problems, and difficulties with fit and feel. Prevalence estimates showed great variation across studies. Prevalence varied as a function of the population studied and the period assessed. Conclusion: Condom use errors and problems are common worldwide, occurring across a wide spectrum of populations. Although breakage and slippage were most commonly investigated, the prevalence of other condom use errors and problems found in this review were substantially higher. As a framework for understanding the role of condom errors and problems in inadequate protection, we put forward a new model: the Condom Use Experience model. This model can be used to generate testable hypotheses for future research. Addressing condom use errors and problems in research and interventions is crucial to closing the gap between the perfect use and typical use of condoms.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on the Relationship between Female Reproductive Factors and Longevity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 885-886
Author(s):  
Christy Costanian ◽  
Raymond Farah ◽  
Sola Bahous ◽  
Abla Sibai
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This review presents findings on the role of female reproductive factors on longevity.A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using four electronic databases: OVID Medline, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until May 2020 and restricted to English language articles that tackle the relationship between reproductive factors and longevity in its various definitions. Our search yielded a total of 306 articles. After screening based on the eligibility criteria,37 articles were included for review. The majority of studies were prospective and conducted in Western populations. The most consistent findings were between parity and increased longevity. The role of ages at menarche and menopause, premature menopause, as well as reproductive lifespan on longevity were not conclusive. Whether gender of offspring is related to maternal longevity is yet to be fully elucidated.Variations in findings are in the majority due to differentials in the definition of longevity as an outcome. Further longitudinal studies based in developing countries are needed to examine reproductive factors related to longevity.

scholarly journals Tax-Exempt Lobbying: Corporate Philanthropy as a Tool for Political Influence

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 2065-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Bertrand ◽  
Matilde Bombardini ◽  
Raymond Fisman ◽  
Francesco Trebbi
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Corporate Philanthropy ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Political Action Committee ◽  
Disclosure Requirements ◽  
Action Committee ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Corporate Social

We explore the role of charitable giving as a means of political influence. For philanthropic foundations associated with large US corporations, we present three different identification strategies that consistently point to the use of corporate social responsibility in ways that parallel the strategic use of political action committee (PAC) spending. Our estimates imply that 6.3 percent of corporate charitable giving may be politically motivated, an amount 2.5 times larger than annual PAC contributions and 35 percent of federal lobbying. Absent of disclosure requirements, charitable giving may be a form of corporate political influence undetected by voters and subsidized by taxpayers. (JEL D22, D64, D72, L31)

scholarly journals A narrative review on the role of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriuria in S. aureus Bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Schuler ◽  
Peter J Barth ◽  
Silke Niemann ◽  
Frieder Schaumburg
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Sortase A ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Molecular Pathomechanisms

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria (SABU) can occur in patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). However, little is known on the (molecular) pathomechanisms of the renal passage of S. aureus. This review discusses the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SABU in patients with SAB and identifies knowledge gaps. The literature search was restricted to the English language. The prevalence of SABU in patients with SAB is 7.8%-39% depending on the study design. The main risk factor for SABU is urinary tract catheterization. SABU in SAB-patients is associated with increased mortality. Given present evidence, haematogenous seeding - as seen in animal models - and the development of micro-abscesses best describes the translocation of S. aureus from blood to urine. Virulence factors that might be involved are adhesion factors, sortase A and coagulase and among others. Other potential routes of bacterial translocation (e.g. transcytosis, paracytosis, translocation via `Trojan horses`) were identified as knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals TESL Canada's Six Principles Position Paper and an Optimal Time for ESL Training

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Eleanor Adamowski
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
English Language ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Early Access ◽  
Action Committee ◽  
Learning English

The position paper of TESL Canada's Action Committee, The Provision of ESL Training to Adults: Six Principles Toward a National Policy (1982), recommends early access to English language training, and this paper looks for linguistic justification for it in the theories of Schumann (1974, 1976), Brown (1980), and Krashen (1976, 1977, 1982). Considered together, these theories may complement one another in pointing toward a theory that there is an optimal time for immigrants to learn a language. They may help to explain the phenomenon of certain language errors (fossilized errors) which seen to become immune to correction after a certain period of time. While the TESL paper stresses the practical necessity of learning English for employment and social adaptation, these theories and some recent research may suggest that the time when immigrants learn English is critical for satisfactory progress. Tollefson's (1981) paper on the role of planning in second language acquisition is also examined to see if it has relevance for immigrants learning English.

scholarly journals Role of Nutrition and Exercise Programs in Reducing Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurik ◽  
Stastny
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Pressure Reduction ◽  
Language Studies

The combined effect of diet and strength training (ST) on blood pressure (BP) seems to be very important for the treatment of prehypertension and hypertension (HT). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether ST alone or combined with nutrition or supplementation has an impact on the arterial pressure reduction in normotensive and hypertensive populations. A systematic computerized literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar; only English language studies published from 1999 until 2018 were included. This systematic search identified the results of 303 individuals from nine studies. The ST program alone had a similar effectiveness as the nutrition program (NP) alone; however, their combination did not result in increased effectiveness in terms of a high BP reduction. The consumption of L-citrulline had a similar effect as ST on lowering BP; on the other hand, caffeine led to an increase in BP during the ST session. Our data suggest that a combination of ST 2–3 times a week at moderate intensity and a NP seems to be equally effective in terms of lowering BP (systolic and diastolic) as ST and NP alone.

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