Changes with time of zinc forms in an acid, a neutral, and a calcareous soil amended with three organic zinc complexes

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Obrador ◽  
J. M. Alvarez ◽  
M. D. Fernández ◽  
L. M. López-Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Three zinc (Zn) fertilisers were added as soluble organic salts (Zn-ethylenediaminetetraacetate plus fulvic and humic acids, Zn-lignosulfonate plus ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and Zn-2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxilate) at several levels, to 3 representative types of soils, to study the behaviour of Zn applied. Samples of treated and untreated soils were incubated for 15, 30, and 60 days at 22˚C and field capacity. A selective sequential dissolution procedure and DTPA extraction were employed to determine the changes in Zn distribution. The distribution and the percentage conversion into different forms of the added metal were dependent on soil type, Zn sources, and Zn loading level. After an initial increase in all forms of Zn in the treated soils, Zn concentration in the water-soluble plus exchangeable fraction and the amounts extracted with DTPA began to decrease. At the end of the experiment, Zn in the most labile fraction was detected in the calcareous soil (pHw 8.3) only when the mixture of fulvic and humic acids with Zn-EDTA chelate was applied (e.g. 1.59 mg/kg of Zn in the 20 mg/kg treatment). The highest conversion values of Zn applied in this calcareous soil occurred in the amorphous Fe-oxide bound and residual fractions of all fertilisation treatments and a low conversion value occurred in the carbonate-bound fraction. fulvic acid, humic acid, Zn-EDTA, Zn-lignosulfonate, Zn-2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxilate, Zn extractability.

Mobility and distribution of zinc forms in columns of an acid, a neutral, and a calcareous soil treated with three organic zinc complexes under laboratory conditions

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Novillo ◽  
A. Obrador ◽  
L. M. López-Valdivia ◽  
J. M. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Neutral Soil ◽  
Acid Nature ◽  
Extractable Zn

Three liquid zinc (Zn) fertilisers were mixed with the upper 1.5 cm of columns representing 3 different soil profiles: Aquic Haploxeralf, of an acid nature and with hydromorphic problems; Calcic Haploxeralf, of a neutral nature; and Typic Xerorthents, of a calcareous nature. They were periodically irrigated for 60 days. Most of the applied Zn remained in the top of the soil when it was added as Zn-lignosulfonate plus EDTA or Zn-2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanotricarboxilate. When Zn-EDTA plus fulvic and humic acid fertiliser was applied, Zn migrated and distributed throughout the soil resulting in losses of Zn by leaching of 2.29% in acidic soil, 27.36% in neutral soil, and 10.5% in calcareous soil of the Zn applied. The 3 fertilisers produce sufficient concentrations of the bioavailable Zn forms in the Ap horizons (DTPA and Mehlich-3 extractable Zn) for the cultivation of different plants. In the calcareous soil, which contained free CaCO3, the amount of Zn extracted by Mehlich-3 was higher than in soils with no free CaCO3. Distribution of Zn in the soil was studied at the beginning and end of the experiment by means of one sequential fractionation and showed that added Zn remained in more labile fractions for uptake by plants in the acid and neutral soils when compared with the control. When Zn was added to calcareous soil, no amount of Zn was detected in the water-soluble plus exchangeable fraction at the end of experiment for any Zn fertiliser source.

Mobility of Zinc in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil after Compost Amendment and Brassica juncea Harvest

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li Huang ◽  
Lin Luo ◽  
Jia Chao Zhang ◽  
Pu Feng Qin ◽  
Man Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Compost Amendment ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Mn Oxides

Pot experiments were performed to investigate the effect of compost amendment on the mobility of zinc through analysis of Zn fractions in heavy metal contaminated soil. The results showed that the total Zn concentration decreased 8.11%, 10.15%, 16.15%, 20.05%, 7.28% and 5.02% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil and Brassica juncea harvest, respectively. Zn was mostly concentrated in the residual fraction and Fe-Mn oxides fraction in soil. The percentage of Zn in water-soluble fraction, organic fraction and residual fraction had no correlation with the amount of compost amendment. The percentage of Zn in the exchangeable fraction decreased and the percentage of Zn in Fe-Mn oxides fractions increased obviously. Furthermore, the mobility factor of Zn decreased significantly from 19.20% without compost amendment to 19.09%, 18.70%, 18.15%, 16.45% and 16.12% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil, the compost amendment could lowered the mobility and phytotoxicity of zinc through bound to Fe-Mn oxides.

scholarly journals Effect of Source of Organic Matter Level and Phosphorous Level on Phosphorous Forms and Humic Acids Release in Gypsiferous Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
Noor AL-Dean Mohammed Muhawish ◽  
Nashmi Ahmed Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Sheep Manure

Abstract A laboratory experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture/Tikrit University for the year 2019 for the purpose of studying the effect of the source and level of organic matter and the level of added phosphorous on the level of phosphorous forms and humic acids in gypsum soil. A factorial experiment was conducted with three factors: The first factor: the type of organic matter (sheep manure and compost), the second factor: the level of organic matter as follows (0.5, 1.0, 1.5)% of the weight of the soil, and the third factor: it included phosphorous levels (0, 40, 80, 120) mg kg −1. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomization design (RCD) with three replications. To reach the field capacity to maintain the humidity of the experimental units, after the end of the incubation period (two months), the samples were air-dried, ground and passed through a sieve with holes (2) mm in diameter, then humic and fulvic acids, soluble, ready-made and organic acids were measured. With water and phosphorous prepared and organic by increasing the level of organic matter added, 1.5% was the best. It was also noted that the best level of phosphorous for the above indicators was the level (120) mg kg−1 compared to the rest of the levels, and that sheep manure outperformed the organic fertilizer in all the studied traits. Interventional treatment of 1.5% of the residual organic matter at a level of (120) mg kg−1 gave the highest significant effect, and the concentrations of humic and fulvic acid were (8.35 and 2.95) g kg−1 respectively. The treatment gave 1.5% organic matter for sheep manure and (120) mg kg−1 which is the highest value in the amount of water-soluble, ready-made and organic phosphorus with an average of (13.80, 71.35 and 167.44) mg kg−1 respectively.

Phosphorus diffusion from monocalcium phosphate co-applied with salts in a calcareous soil

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kumaragamage ◽  
O. O. Akinremi ◽  
C. M. Cho ◽  
T. B. Goh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Phosphorus Diffusion ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
P Diffusion ◽  
Sulphate Salts

Mixing non-phosphatic salts with fertilizer P influences the solubility and mobility of P in soils. Little evidence, however, is available regarding the mechanisms causing such effects. The object ives of this study were to investigate the effects of mixing fertilizer P with (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4 or (NH2)2CO on the diffusion of P in a calcareous soil (Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem), and to identify the causes for such effects. To the surface of 50-mm-long soil columns, maintained at field capacity water content, 32P-labelled monocalcium phosphate (MCP) was applied alone or in combination with (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4 or (NH2)2CO. Ratios of applied P:N, P:Mg and P:S were 1:5, 1:4.5 and 1:6, respectively. Extraction and analysis of each 2-mm layer of the columns after incubation for 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk revealed that the addition of (NH4)2SO4 and MgSO4 with MCP significantly increased P diffusion whereas (NH2)2CO had little or no effect. The mechanisms of such effects were identified using a multi-ionic, mechanistic, diffusion model. According to model predictions, the dissolution of MCP was increased by more than twofold when mixed with (NH4)2SO4 and MgSO4, and by 1.2-fold when mixed with urea. The main difference between SO4 salts and urea in affecting P diffusion was the competition between the anion of the salt and P for precipitation with Ca. Sulphate competed strongly with P, reducing the precipitation of Ca phosphates. Application of urea increased soil pH initially, but eventually soil pH decreased with nitrification of NH4. Initial increase in pH to above 8.0 favoured precipitation of Ca phosphate, but the pH was not high enough to favour CaCO3 precipitation. The application of P fertilizers with fertilizers containing SO4 could be beneficial in calcareous soils due to enhancement of P solubility and mobility. Key words: Calcareous soils, phosphorus diffusion, precipitation, sulphate salts, transport model, urea

Zinc application enhances grain zinc density in genetically-zinc-biofortified wheat grown on a low-zinc calcareous soil

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Target Level ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Zn Availability ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

Human zinc (Zn) deficiency is a worldwide problem, especially in developing countries due to the prevalence of cereals in the diet. Among different alleviation strategies, genetic Zn biofortification is considered a sustainable approach. However, it may depend on Zn availability from soils. We grew Zincol-16 (genetically-Zn-biofortified wheat) and Faisalabad-08 (widely grown standard wheat) in pots with (8 mg kg−1) or without Zn application. The cultivars were grown in a low-Zn calcareous soil. The grain yield of both cultivars was significantly (P≤0.05) increased with that without Zn application. As compared to Faisalabad-08, Zincol-16 had 23 and 41% more grain Zn concentration respectively at control and applied rate of Zn. Faisalabad-08 accumulated about 18% more grain Zn concentration with Zn than Zincol-16 without Zn application. A near target level of grain Zn concentration (36 mg kg−1) was achieved in Zincol-16 only with Zn fertilisation. Over all, the findings clearly signify the importance of agronomic Zn biofortification of genetically Zn-biofortified wheat grown on a low-Zn calcareous soil.

scholarly journals Effect of organic substances on iron-release kinetics in a calcareous soil after basil harvesting

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 941-952
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Safarzadeh ◽  
Sadegh Kasmaei ◽  
Abadi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid ◽  
Iron Release ◽  
Constant Rate

Desorption of iron from soil is important for evaluating the availability and toxicity of soil Fe in agriculture. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of organic substances (cow and sheep manures and vermicompost) on Fe release from a calcareous soil and determine the best models for the description of the Fe desorption kinetics. Organic substances were added to soils at the rate of 3 %. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seeds were sown in each pot and pots were kept at 24?25?C at about field capacity for 90 days. After 90 days, plants were harvested and soil samples were used for Fe desorption analysis. Seven kinetic models were evaluated to describe the rate of Fe desorption in soil extracted with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Results showed that Fe release from soil samples increased with time. Release of Fe was rapid at first and then became slower. Iron release in the organic substances treatments was higher than in the unamended soil and the two-constant rate, parabolic diffusion and simple Elovich models were the best equations for the description of Fe release from soils.

Applying Exogenous Humic Acids and Natural Zeolite for Remediating the Lead-Polluted Garden Soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 919-922
Author(s):  
Wei Yu Shi ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Li Ye Chu ◽  
Hong Bo Shao
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Mixed Treatment ◽  
The Difference

The study reported the co-remediation effect on the lead-polluted garden soil by zeolite and humic acids (HA), which was from comparing with the remediation of single zeolite in term of the lead fraction of sequential extraction in the soil and the distribution of lead in different parts of rape. Mixed treatment (zeolite and HA) and single treatment (zeolite) were, respectively, applied to the artificially polluted garden soil to examine the difference of their remediation effects in pot experiment. Results indicated that the co-remediation led to significantly greater (p < 0.01) reduction in the lead concentration in plants than by singly adding to zeolite. The co-application of zeolite and HA reduced the available fraction of lead compounds, but slightly increased (p < 0.01) the water-soluble fraction of lead compounds in the garden soil, compared with the application of single zeolite, especially in the severe lead-polluted soil (≥1000mg kg−1).This method might be an efficient way to remediate the lead-polluted soils on a large scale.

The availability of potassium in some Tasmanian soils. I. The variability of soil potassium in the field and its fractionation

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
AM Graley ◽  
KD Nicholls ◽  
CS Piper
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Total Potassium

The potassium status of Frodsley sandy loam and some associated soils from the Fingal district, north-eastern Tasmania, has been investigated. Regularly spaced sampling of surface soils on a rectilinear grid pattern disclosed a variability of exchangeable potassium values in the field much greater than recorded for soils elsewhere; even for 3-ft spacings there was a sevenfold range. The need for adequate sampling of experimental areas is stressed. The median value for exchangeable potassium in the A1 horizon of Frodsley sandy loam was 0.31 m-equiv./100 g for "developed" areas and 0.35 m-equiv./100 g for "undeveloped" areas. Values for the A2 horizon were closely correlated with those for the corresponding surface horizon, but only about one-third as high. The amounts in the B horizon tended to approximate to those in the A1 horizon except for soils with high values in the surface. The potassium-supplying capacity of the soils was assessed by fractionation of the potassium into water-soluble, exchangeable, difficultly exchangeable, hydrochloric acid-soluble, and total potassium. In Frodsley sandy loam approximately 35 per cent. of the exchangeable potassium appeared in the water-soluble form, which suggested that there may be moderate losses from this soil by leaching. Ten minutes' boiling with normal nitric acid released only about 90 per cent. more potassium than was present in the exchangeable fraction. Boiling normal nitric acid extracted much less potassium from some samples of this soil type than did cold normal ammonium chloride from others, because of the great variability of exchangeable potassium. Concentrated hydrochloric acid dissolved a further 0.60.7 m-equiv./100 g on the average. These low values for the two latter fractions are taken to indicate the poverty of this soil type in reserves of potassium and, with the relatively low values for the exchangeable fraction, explain the widespread responses to potassium reported in field experiments. Examination of the minerals of the clay fraction of Frodsley sandy loam supported the chemical data in regard to the poor potassium status of these soils. Separation of sand, silt, and clay from the B horizons of two profiles showed that much of the total potassium was present in the coarser fractions of the soil. Type A, a soil associated with Frodsley sandy loam on river terraces, had a similar potassium status. Soils formed on dolerite were significantly higher in all categories of potassium.

Germination behaviour in beach spinifex (Spinifex hirsutus Labill.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Harty ◽  
TJ McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
Germination Experiments

This paper deals with threshing and seed germination studies on hand-harvested beach spinifex (Spinifex hirsutus Labill.). This work was carried out as part of a detailed study of the autecology of beach spinifex, an important pioneer sand stabilizer on beaches and dunes along the coast of eastern Australia. Hammer-milling was suitable for threshing out caryopses from beach spinifex inflorescences, but in the process the caryopses were excessively damaged. A barley de-awning machine produced spikelets (caryopses enclosed in lemma, palea, and glumes plus the base of the associated spine) which were free flowing and therefore suitable for mechanical planting. Laboratory germination experiments disclosed that the caryopses were negatively photoblastic when germinated alone, or enclosed within the spikelet. Alternating thermoperiods (10-25, 15-25, 20-25 ; 10-35, 15-35, 20-35�C) were generally superior to constant thermoperiods (25, 30, 35") in the induction of germination. The germination of caryopses from inflorescences harvested 2 months previously agreed with an estimate of viability made by using tetrazolium chloride. This indicated that beach spinifex seed has no pronounced after-ripening requirements. The rate of germination of caryopses and their germinative capacity were markedly increased when the caryopses were removed from the spikelets. It is likely that germination in the spikelet is inhibited by a slow rate of gaseous exchange between the embryo and the atmosphere. A sensitivity to anaerobic conditions was demonstrated by soaking spikelets for varying periods up to 48 hr in distilled and sea water. Such treatments led to a decrease in germination. Pot trials showed that in waterlogged sand, no appreciable germination occurred below 3.75 cm. In sand held at field capacity, some germination occurred down to the maximum depth tried (8.75 cm), but the best germination was from 2.5 to 3 .75 cm. Soaking spikelets in distilled water for 48 hr and testing the leachate on germinating lettuce seed failed to disclose the presence of water-soluble chemical inhibitors in the spikelets.

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