scholarly journals Effect of organic substances on iron-release kinetics in a calcareous soil after basil harvesting

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 941-952
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Safarzadeh ◽  
Sadegh Kasmaei ◽  
Abadi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid ◽  
Iron Release ◽  
Constant Rate

Desorption of iron from soil is important for evaluating the availability and toxicity of soil Fe in agriculture. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of organic substances (cow and sheep manures and vermicompost) on Fe release from a calcareous soil and determine the best models for the description of the Fe desorption kinetics. Organic substances were added to soils at the rate of 3 %. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seeds were sown in each pot and pots were kept at 24?25?C at about field capacity for 90 days. After 90 days, plants were harvested and soil samples were used for Fe desorption analysis. Seven kinetic models were evaluated to describe the rate of Fe desorption in soil extracted with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Results showed that Fe release from soil samples increased with time. Release of Fe was rapid at first and then became slower. Iron release in the organic substances treatments was higher than in the unamended soil and the two-constant rate, parabolic diffusion and simple Elovich models were the best equations for the description of Fe release from soils.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FARMYARD MANURE ON RETENTION AND AVAILABILITY OF NICKEL, ZINC AND LEAD IN METAL-CONTAMINATED CALCAREOUS LOAM SOILS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas AZIZ ◽  
Hamaad Raza AHMAD ◽  
Dennis L. CORWIN ◽  
Muhammad SABIR ◽  
Khalid Rehman HAKEEM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Nickel Zinc ◽  
Chloride Salts

Continuous irrigation of soils with untreated effluents can result in the accumulation and translocation of some metals in the soils and plants. Application of farmyard manure (FYM) to such soils may increase or decrease their availability and retention time. Calcareous soils contaminated with 100, 200, and 400mg kg–1 Ni, Zn, and Pb as chloride salts were used, and farmyard manure added (40g kg–1 for 90 days) with moisture contents at field capacity. Soil samples were drawn at 30 day intervals, and metals extracted with (AB-DTPA) C14H23NO3O10. With FYM application of 400 mg kg–1, Ni availability increased from 179 (day 30) to 240 mg kg–1(day 90); Zn from 163 (day 30) to 230 mg kg–1 (day 90), but, Pb decreased from 214 to 161 mg kg–1. FYM forms multi-dentate complex which greatly enhances the Ni and Zn solubility, and organic matter immobilizes Pb in the soil.

Storage of air-dry soil samples at 0 degrees C or at room temperature before analysis does not affect bicarbonate soil-test phosphorus

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
DG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus

Five levels of phosphorus (P), as powdered single superphosphate, were incubated in moist soil (field capacity) for 42 days at 50�C in six different soils collected from south-western Australia. The soils were then air-dried for 7 days. Some subsamples of air-dry soil were stored for 180 days at 0�C in a cold room. Other subsamples were stored at fluctuating room temperature (18–25�C) in a laboratory and were sampled at 30, 60, 120, 150 and 180 days after storage to measure bicarbonate-extractable P (soil-test P) by the Olsen and Colwell procedures. No changes in soil-test P were detected while air-dry soil samples were stored at 0�C or room temperature.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality and Soil Salinity in the Agricultural Coastal Plain (Ravenna, North Italy)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Vittori Antisari ◽  
Maria Speranza ◽  
Chiara Ferronato ◽  
Mauro De Feudis ◽  
Gilmo Vianello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Water Volumes

To improve knowledge on salt leaching suitability on different soils, in Arenosols and Cambisols croplands in the coastal area of Ravenna (Italy), soil samples were collected in the non-irrigation winter period and irrigation summer period. Concurrently, waters of the canal network were also investigated. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, carbonate, total organic carbon (TOC), particle size distribution, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (BD) and water content at field capacity (FC). Water samples were investigated for pH, EC, biological and chemical oxygen demand, sodium adsorption ratio, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfates and chlorides. All soils had low TOC concentrations and Arenosols showed the lowest clay content, BD and FC. Soils had similar EC values in winter, but in summer the lowest ones were observed in Arenosols, suggesting that irrigation mitigated salinization in Arenosols, while the high clay content, BD and FC prevented or limited the salt leaching in Cambisols. In summer, the increase of total nitrogen and biological oxygen demand, especially in drainage channels, might suggest the leaching of soluble nutrients and organic matter from soils due to the high irrigation water volumes. Finally, our findings stress the need to consider soil type and properties to contrast soil salinization without negative effects on soil C leaching caused by salt leaching practice.

scholarly journals Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) water needs calculated from the crop coefficient

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 08-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Constanza Daza-Torres ◽  
Paulo César Arias-Prado ◽  
Aldemar Reyes-Trujillo ◽  
Norberto Urrutia-Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Set Up

The determination of the crop coefficient (Kc) throughout the phenological stages is important for the calculation of water requirements of plants. This study determined the Kc curve for Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, and evaluated this Kc in greenhouse conditions. Three drainage lysimeters and a portable meteorological station were used to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), which were set up randomly in an experimental plot. The field capacity (FC) moisture content was determined, and the soil moisture and drainage depth were periodically monitored. Daily water balance calculations were conducted to determine the crop’s water needs (ETc), and the Kc was calculated based on the quotient between ETc and ETo by performing statistical regression analysis. In the second experiment, in a completely randomized bifactorial design, four treatments were established in Cali (Valle). These treatments were amount of water necessary to maintain the soil moisture at FC and amount of water calculated with the Kc (72 % FC), both treatments with and without fertilizers application. The results showed that the Kc values for basil are: growth stage, 0,45 ± 0,02 (25 days after transplant, dat); maturity stage, 0,59 ± 0,02 (26 – 50 dat); and senescence stage, 0,42 ± 0,03 (51 – 71 dat). In greenhouse conditions, dry mass percentage, plant height, soil pH and electrical conductivity were similar for both water regimens. The reduction on water with Kc increased the nitrogen foliar but the water use efficient decreased.

scholarly journals DESORPSI β-KAROTEN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) DARI KARBON AKTIF MENGGUNAKAN ISOPROPANOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Olyvia Putri Wardhani ◽  
Iriany
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
First Order ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Main Material

The aim of the research is to study the ability of isopropyl alcohol in the desorption of β-carotene and to obtain kinetic model and desorption isoterm which is suitable in β-carotene desorption. The main material used were isopropyl alcohol and activated carbon containing β-carotene. The variabels used in this research are desorption temperature,  activated carbon concentration  and parameter observed is concentration of β-carotene in isopropyl alcohol. In the desorption process, activated carbon which adsorp β-carotene was soaked in isopropyl alcohol. To review the desorption kinetics, this research was carried out in various temperature such as 40 oC, 50 oC, and 60 oC. In desorption isoterm process is, various mass of activated carbon was used. Desorption process will be analyzed at spesified time. This research used the first order of desorption kinetics model. The desorption constant rate obtained for 40 oC, 50 oC, and 60 oC are 0,013, 0,014, and 0,036 minute-1 with activation energy is 0,226 kkal/mol. The maximum desorption percentage obtain is 41,94 %. The desorption isoterm model which fit with the β-carotene desorption was Langmuir isoterm model with constanta value 1,2077 L/mg and -0,2218.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Iron Release of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Biomaterials Synthesized via the Sol-Gel Route

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9311
Author(s):  
Michelina Catauro ◽  
Ylenia D’Errico ◽  
Antonio D’Angelo ◽  
Ronald J. Clarke ◽  
Ignazio Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Iron Release ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hybrid Biomaterials ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of this work was the synthesis of hybrid materials of iron (II)-based therapeutic systems via the sol-gel method. Increasing amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6, 12, 24, 50 wt%) were added to SiO2/Fe20 wt% to modulate the release kinetics of the drug from the systems. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the interactions between different components in the hybrid materials. The release kinetics in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated, and the amount of Fe2+ released was detected via ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) after reaction with ortho-phenanthroline. Furthermore, biological characterization was carried out. The bioactivity of the synthesized hybrid materials was evaluated via the formation of a layer of hydroxyapatite on the surface of samples soaked in SBF using spectroscopy. Finally, the potential antibacterial properties of seven different materials against two different bacteria—E. coli and S. aureus—were investigated.

scholarly journals Purple basil (Ocimum basilicum var. purple) oil under drought stress effects on Aspergillus fumigates fungus in the food industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Haji Mohammad ◽  
Hesam Sharifi Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigates ◽  
Basil Oil

Abstract To investigate the effect of drought stress Purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum var.purple), on Aspergillus fumigates in food industry, an experiment was performed in the Alborz Karaj research station, and extracted essential oils of purple basil in Agricultural Education Center of Imam Khomeini in 2011, wasperformed. Purple basil essential oil obtained from the stress levels of 30%, 60% and 90% field capacity (FC) is. Using brows microdilution, the average minimum inhibitory concentration and the mean minimum concentration of essential oils produced in concentrations of 0/25, 0/5, 1, 1/5, 2 and 2/5 mg/ml against fungi Aspergillus fumigates was determined in three replicates. The results showed that under conditions of purple basil oil 30% field capacity had the strongest activity against the fungi studied (0/37 mg/ml = 90MIC).Antibacterial activity of essential oil and the lowest was seen in 90% of field capacity (0/97mg/ml = 90MIC). Purple basil oil under the terms of the MFC as the lowest 30% of field capacity (0/56 mg/ml) and maximum (0/99 mg/ml) was seen in 90% of the crop. According to survey results in the absence of purple basil oil 30% field capacity (severe water stress) was a good performance against fungi Aspergillus fumigates antifungal and take advantage of it to use its influence in the food industry, pharmaceutical and health is .

scholarly journals Study of Cadmium Desorption Kinetics from Riverine Sediments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Nasrabadi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Omid ◽  
Ali Mahdavi Mazdeh
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Desorption Rate ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Sediment Particles

Abstract In natural streams, the majority of heavy metal ions are generally associated ‎with ‎sediment particles. Under some environmental conditions, these metal ions may release from ‎the ‎sediment particles.‎ In such conditions, the desorption rate of heavy metals is very important for decision-makers of ‎water quality assessment. In this study, the effect of cadmium desorption ‎from the river bed ‎sediments has been ‎experimentally investigated. Artificially contaminated sediments were used ‎for performing batch desorption ‎experiments. The experiments were conducted by adding 1 gr of contaminated ‎sediment (D50 = 0.53 mm) with a known concentration and shaking until observing a ‎roughly ‎constant cadmium concentration in the solution. It was concluded that the cadmium ions were strongly bond to the river bed sediment; meanwhile, at the ‎equilibrium time, up to about 7 to 29 percent of cadmium ions were ‎released from the‎ artificially contaminated sediments. The experiments were followed by ‎two agitation rates of 100 and 200 rpm. It was revealed that by increasing the flow turbulence, the amount ‎of desorbed cadmium is slightly increased. Besides, the desorption kinetics was evaluated using eight models of Zero-, first-, second-, third-order, ‎parabolic diffusion, double parabolic diffusion, two constant rate, and simple Elovich. The results of the evaluation showed that simple Elovich (with R2 = 0.991), double parabolic diffusion (with R2 = 0.9882), two constant rate (with R2 = 0.983) and parabolic diffusion models (with R2 = 0.846) have respectively the best performance in calculation of Cd desorption rate from the sediments.

scholarly journals Transition metal rates in latosol twice treated with sewage sludge

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Tereza Jordão Pigozzo ◽  
Ervim Lenzi ◽  
Jorge de Luca Junior ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
Antonio Carlos Saraiva da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Sludge Application

Agricultural recycling of sewage sludge has been a source of accumulation of heavy metals in the environment which may reach toxic levels and cause serious damage to the biota. Field experiments were undertaken for two agricultural years (2000 and 2002) and effects of two sewage sludge applications were evaluated through the extraction of (essential and non-essential) transition metals by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractor in a medium texture dystrophic Dark Red Latosol. Cd, Ni, Co, Pb and Cr were not detected. Application of sewage sludge initially caused a slight pH rise in the soil; later pH lowered and kept itself close to the starting level. It could be concluded that through consecutive sludge application, extractable rates of Fe and Mn in soil samples gradually increased during the two agricultural years in proportion to sewage sludge doses and sampling period. In fact, they were higher than rates of control. Due to low concentrations of soil samples, extractor had a restricted capacity for evaluation of its phytoavailability.

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