Influence of organic and mineral fertilisation on organic matter fractions of a Brazilian Acrisol under maize/common bean intercrop

In 1984, a field experiment was initiated in Coimbra, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, involving the combination of 3 levels of mineral fertilisers at control (0); 10 kg N/ha, 15 kg P/ha, and 17 kg K/ha (MF1); 20 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha, and 34 kg K/ha (MF2); and 2 levels of organic compost at control (0) and 40 m3/ha (OC) in a maize/common bean intercrop. Soil samples were collected (0–0.10 and 0.10–0.20 m) in 2000 to evaluate the impact of mineral and organic compost on total carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) stocks and on organic carbon pools of a Ferric Acrisol (Chromosol in the Australian Soil Classification). Additional soil samples were collected from an adjacent site covered by secondary Atlantic Forest as a reference. The conversion of forest to agriculture caused a reduction in most of TOC, TN, and microbial biomass carbon, free-light fraction carbon (CLF), and non-labile carbon. The carbon pools in cultivated plot were enhanced by the addition of compost alone. At both depths, TOC and TN stocks were higher (P < 0.05) in the MF2 + OC than MF2 treatment. Compared to soils that have received mineral fertiliser alone or combined with compost, the stocks of labile organic carbon, TN, and CLF were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by the sole application of compost.

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Stratification ratio of organic matter pools influenced by management systems in a weathered Oxisol from a tropical agro-ecoregion in Brazil

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr12186 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 133 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. C. Figueiredo ◽

D. V. S. Resck ◽

M. A. C. Carneiro ◽

M. L. G. Ramos ◽

J. C. M. Sá

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Management Systems ◽

No Till ◽

The Impact

Enhancement of organic matter plays an essential role in improving soil quality for supporting sustainable food production. Changes in carbon stocks with impacts on emissions of greenhouse gases may result from the stratification of organic matter as a result of soil use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil management systems on soil carbon stocks and stratification ratios (SR) of soil organic matter pools. Total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen, basal respiration, and particulate organic matter nitrogen (PON) were determined. The field experiment comprised several tillage treatments: conventional tillage, no-till with biannual rotation, no-till with biannual rotation combined with a second crop, no-till with annual rotation, and pasture. The labile fractions indicated a high level of variation among management systems. Pasture proved to be an excellent option for the improvement of soil carbon. While the conventional tillage system reduced total carbon stocks of the soil (0–40 cm), no-tillage presented TOC stocks similar to that of native vegetation. Sensitivity of the TOC SR varied from 0.93 to 1.28, a range of 0.35; the range for POC was 1.76 and for MBC 1.64. The results support the hypothesis that the labile fractions (POC, MBC, and PON) are highly sensitive to the dynamics of organic matter in highly weathered soils of tropical regions influenced by different management systems. Reductions to SRs of labile organic matter pools are related to the impacts of agricultural use of Cerrado soils.

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Fossil and non-fossil source contributions to atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols during extreme spring grassland fires in Eastern Europe

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-16-5513-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 5513-5529 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Vidmantas Ulevicius ◽

Steigvilė Byčenkienė ◽

Carlo Bozzetti ◽

Athanasia Vlachou ◽

Kristina Plauškaitė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Nitrogen Isotopes ◽

Early Spring ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

Pmf Model ◽

Source Contributions ◽

The Baltic ◽

The Impact

Abstract. In early spring the Baltic region is frequently affected by high-pollution events due to biomass burning in that area. Here we present a comprehensive study to investigate the impact of biomass/grass burning (BB) on the evolution and composition of aerosol in Preila, Lithuania, during springtime open fires. Non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR-PM1) was measured by an Aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and a source apportionment with the multilinear engine (ME-2) running the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to the organic aerosol fraction to investigate the impact of biomass/grass burning. Satellite observations over regions of biomass burning activity supported the results and identification of air mass transport to the area of investigation. Sharp increases in biomass burning tracers, such as levoglucosan up to 683 ng m−3 and black carbon (BC) up to 17 µg m−3 were observed during this period. A further separation between fossil and non-fossil primary and secondary contributions was obtained by coupling ACSM PMF results and radiocarbon (14C) measurements of the elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon fractions. Non-fossil organic carbon (OCnf) was the dominant fraction of PM1, with the primary (POCnf) and secondary (SOCnf) fractions contributing 26–44 % and 13–23 % to the total carbon (TC), respectively. 5–8 % of the TC had a primary fossil origin (POCf), whereas the contribution of fossil secondary organic carbon (SOCf) was 4–13 %. Non-fossil EC (ECnf) and fossil EC (ECf) ranged from 13–24 and 7–13 %, respectively. Isotope ratios of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to distinguish aerosol particles associated with solid and liquid fossil fuel burning.

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Impact of Long-Term Organic Fertilizer Application on Lignin in Mollisol

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1332 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 113-116 ◽

pp. 1332-1335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ning Liu ◽

Hong Bo He ◽

Hong Tu Xie ◽

Zhen Bai ◽

Xu Dong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Carbon Pools ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Degradation Degree ◽

Northeast Of China ◽

The Impact ◽

Cuo Oxidation

Fertilization is one of the essential managements to maintain and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) level in agroecosystems. It has been realized that fertilizer applications influenced the turnover of labile and refractory organic carbon pools in arable soil markedly. However, the dynamic of relatively refractory lignin in response to fertilization is still kept unclear. Therefore, the impact of long-term organic fertilization on the content and degradation degree of lignin in Mollisol was investigated. Lignin monomers were released by alkaline CuO oxidation method and quantified by gas chromatography (GC). At the time scale of decades, lignin was clearly accumulated in soil and the relative accumulation of lignin in SOC was evident after long-term organic fertilizer application. Compared with the unfertilized soil, lower acid to aldehyde ratios of vanillyl and syringyl units induced by organic fertilization suggested a lower degradation degree of lignin incorporated into soil to some extent. It could be concluded that long-term organic fertilization was an effective fertilizer practice for lignin accumulation in soil and SOC sequestration in Mollisol in northeast of China.

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Study on Carbon Stock of Leasehold Forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha District

The Initiation ◽

10.3126/init.v5i0.10255 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 63-67

Author(s):

Tshering Dolma Lama ◽

Ram Asheshwar Mandal

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Leaf Litter ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Different Depths ◽

Total Carbon Stock

A study was carried on ten leasehold forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha district to estimate the carbon stock. Random sampling was used to collect the biophysical data of trees/ poles, sapling, root and leaf litter, herb and grass. Then, the biomass was calculated using the respective equation and the calculated biomass stock was converted into carbon stock multiplying with 0.47. Similarly, the soil samples were collectewd from different depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm to determine the soil organic carbon. Lastly, all analyzed data were compiled to get total carbon stocks. The result showed that the estimated total carbon stock per ha was found to be highest in Srijana leasehold forest with 125.493 t C/ha. The estimated total carbon stock of 10 leasehold forest was found to be 1439.033 tons. Here, Leasehold forests have been an emerging and successful example in conserving forests in epal. So, it is recommended to extend such studies in other parts of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10255 The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 63-67

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ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS IN A QUARTZIPSAMMENT UNDER CULTIVATION OF IRRIGATED MANGO IN THE LOWER SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY REGION, BRAZIL

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/01000683rbcs20140498 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 1068-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

José Alberto Ferreira Cardoso ◽

Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima ◽

Tony Jarbas Ferreira Cunha ◽

Marcos Sales Rodrigues ◽

Luis Carlos Hernani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Fulvic Acid ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Samples ◽

C Stocks ◽

Organic Matter Fractions ◽

The Impact

Improper land use has lead to deterioration and depletion of natural resources, as well as a significant decline in agricultural production, due to decreased soil quality. Removal of native vegetation to make way for agricultural crops, often managed inadequately, results in soil disruption, decreased nutrient availability, and decomposition of soil organic matter, making sustainable agricultural production unviable. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of growing irrigated mango (over a 20 year period) on the organic carbon (OC) stocks and on the fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in relation to the native caatinga (xeric shrubland) vegetation in the Lower São Francisco Valley region, Brazil. The study was carried out on the Boa Esperança Farm located in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In areas under irrigated mango and native caatinga, soil samples were collected at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. After preparing the soil samples, we determined the OC stocks, carbon of humic substances (fulvic acid fractions, humic acid fractions, and humin fractions), and the light and heavy SOM fractions. Growing irrigated mango resulted in higher OC stocks; higher C stocks in the fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin fractions; and higher C stocks in the heavy and light SOM fraction in comparison to nativecaatinga, especially in the uppermost soil layer.

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Dynamics of selected chemical and microbiological properties changes in soils after application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate – incubation studies

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7128 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karolina Woźnica ◽

Michał Gąsiorek ◽

Justyna Sokołowska ◽

Agnieszka Józefowska ◽

Tomasz Zaleski

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Buffer Capacity ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Biomass Carbon

Soil acidification is a serious problem on a global scale, about 30% of land surface is occupied by acidic soils (pH&#8804; 5.5). Recent research indicates, that more than 50% of arable soils in Poland have too low pH. Acid soils are characterised the ability to mobilize toxic metals and increased plant uptake as well as decreased microbial activity in the soil. Progressive acidification leads to degradation of soils and caused that they are marginal for agricultural production. Soil acidification is a naturally occurring process, but only when natural factors are supported by intensive human activity, especially by nitrogen fertilisers application, intensive degradation is observed. Traditionally method to increase soil pH is the application of lime materials e.g. calcite, burnt lime or dolomite. The liming efficiency depends on lime material type (primarily chemical form of calcium compounds), the neutralising value, lime application method, soil properties and the particle size distribution of lime. The aim of this research was to determine the rate of action and influence of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate on selected chemical and microbiological soil properties.The incubation studies were conducted on the three soils (G1, G2 &#8211; silt loam and G3 &#8211; sandy loam). Soil samples were taken from the 0-20 cm layer. Soil properties were measured after 7, 14, 30, 60 and 120 days of incubation. The liming factor was ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate with particle size distribution < 0.08 mm. The application dose was calculated for 0.5 soil hydrolytic acidity. In the soil samples pHKCl, buffer capacity, microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon content were measured.Application of lime caused an increase of pH value in all studied soils. The highest increase of the pHKCl was noted between 0 to 7th day of incubation. Afterward, the pHKCl decreased slowly for the soil G1 and G2. However, in the soil G3 significantly decreased just after 7th to 14th day, and afterward, the pHKCl decreased slowly to the end of the incubation period. As a result of liming long-term changes in soil buffer capacity were not noted. The studied soils were characterised by the higher buffer capacity in alkaline than in acidic range. The microbial biomass carbon content was varied during the incubation in all studied soils. The dissolved organic carbon content increased during the incubation, starting from the 7th to the 120th day of incubation for G2 and G3 soils and from 14th to last day of incubation for G1 soil. Application of lime caused an increase of the dissolved organic carbon content in all studied soils. These studies show that application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate is an effective and fast way to improve soil properties.

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Spectroscopic Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Afforestation Forest Soil of Miyun District, Beijing

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2016/1480857 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shi-Jie Gao ◽

Chen Zhao ◽

Zong-Hai Shi ◽

Jun Zhong ◽

Jian-Guo Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

H Nmr ◽

Spectroscopic Characteristics ◽

Aromatic Components ◽

A Minor ◽

Aliphatic Chains

In this study, soil samples collected from different plain afforestation time (1 year, 4 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 20 years) in Miyun were characterized, including total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available K (K+), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The DOM in the soil samples with different afforestation time was further characterized via DOC, UV-Visible spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, and1H NMR spectroscopy. The results suggested that the texture of soil sample was sandy. The extracted DOM from soil consisted mainly of aliphatic chains and only a minor aromatic component. It can be included that afforestation can improve the soil quality to some extent, which can be partly reflected from the indexes like TOC, TN, TP, K+, MBC, and DOC. And the characterization of DOM implied that UV humic-like substances were the major fluorophores components in the DOM of the soil samples, which consisted of aliphatic chains and aromatic components with carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups.

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Microbiological parameters of soil set aside before and after desiccation

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3352-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 97-104

Author(s):

M. Nováková ◽

K. Voříšek

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Actual Content ◽

Before And After ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Underground Biomass ◽

Glyphosate Herbicide ◽

Positive Effect

Herbaceous cover of luvic chernozem (seven years set aside) with legumes, perennial grasses and their mixture was desiccated by the glyphosate herbicide Roundup Biaktiv (5 l/ha at July 2003 and 4 l/ha at June 2004). 165 soil samples were collected before (November 2002–July 2003) and after desiccation (September 2003–August 2004). Desiccation had a strong positive effect on immobilization of organic carbon from herbaceous cover and underground biomass to microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and to soil organic carbon (Corg), respectively. A significant increase after desiccation (p < 0.01) was confirmed in the parameters: Corg, MBC and in the ratio MBC/Corg. At the same time the desiccation had a retardation effect on mineralization of Corg, Norg and Sorg. A significant decrease after desiccation (p < 0.01) was confirmed in the basal and potential respiration (with nitrogen, with nitrogen and glucose), actual content of N-NH4+ without and with pre-incubation, control ammonification, and (p < 0.05) in arylsulphatase activity. The actual content of NO3– and the control nitrification increased significantly (p < 0.01) after desiccation. Plots management before desiccation included black and spontaneous fallow, mulching (one or two per year) and cutting (three times per year), plots with 4 legumes, 4 grasses and their mixtures. Mulching variants showed the best results both before and after desiccation. The soils with cutting treatment ranked 8th–10th out of 11 studied combinations.

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Capillary electrophoresis characterisation of humic acids: application to diverse forest soil samples

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en11054 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 589 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michael Tatzber ◽

Franz Mutsch ◽

Axel Mentler ◽

Ernst Leitgeb ◽

Michael Englisch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Capillary Electrophoresis ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Humic Acids ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Soil Samples ◽

The Other ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Soil Layers

Environmental contextAnalysis of soil organic matter is important for understanding turnover and stabilisation processes of organic carbon in soils. Capillary electrophoresis is used here to investigate humic acids from soils of diverse forest sites, and show that the patterns of signals are indicative of soil characteristics. The method provides useful information of soil types and complements the existing set of methods for humic acid characterisation. AbstractAnalyses of humic substances provide very useful information about turnover characteristics and stabilisation processes of soil organic matter in environmental soil samples. The present study investigates 113 samples of forest soils from three different layers (undecomposed litter (L), if present, mixed samples of F (intermediate decomposed) and H (highly decomposed) organic matter (FH) and upper mineral soil layers (Ah horizon) from 0 to 5 cm) by extracting humic acids (HAs) and recording electropherograms. Five signals of these electropherograms were evaluated and correlated with basic parameters from soil (organic carbon, Corg, and total nitrogen, Nt, and extraction yields of HAs) and HAs (total carbon, Ct, and Nt), and with signals from photometry, mid-infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy. The developed method was able to separate HAs from different soil layers by calculating a discriminant function based on the five evaluated electrophoretic signals. The dataset of this work opened the opportunity to correlate the observed electrophoretic signals with the other determined soil parameters and spectroscopic signals. This can be seen as a very important step in the direction to assignments of the obtained electrophoretic signals. Soil characteristics were reflected quite well by this method and, combined with the other approaches, it is suitable for applications in further studies.

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Delineate Soil Characteristics and Carbon Pools in Grassland Compared to Native Forestland of India: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121969 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1969

Author(s):

Rajeev Padbhushan ◽

Sheetal Sharma ◽

D. S. Rana ◽

Upendra Kumar ◽

Anshuman Kohli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Subsurface Layer ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Grass Species ◽

Carbon Pools ◽

Labile Carbon

Grassland is a highly dynamic land use system and it provides vital ecosystem services, mainly consisting of carbon storage in the tropics and subtropics. The objective of this study was to delineate grassland in India according to soil characteristics and carbon pools in comparison to native forestland, and to discuss management strategies for improving soil carbon (SC) storage in grassland. A total of 675 paired datasets from studies on grassland and forestland in India generated during the period of 1990–2019 were used for meta-analysis study. The analysis shows that soil pH and bulk density (BD) in grasslands were greater by 1.1% and 1.0% compared to forestlands while soil organic carbon (SOC) declined by 36.3% (p < 0.05). Among carbon pools, labile carbon (LC), non-labile carbon (NLC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were 35.5%, 35.3% and 29.5% lower, respectively, in the grassland compared to the forestland. Total carbon (TC) was 35.0% lower in the grassland than the forestland (p < 0.05). Soil carbon stocks (SCS) were 32.8% lower in the grassland compared to the forestland. In the grassland, MBC/SOC (%) from the surface layer and subsurface layer were lower by 2.4% and 8.5%, respectively compared to forestland. The percentage effect size was found to have decreased from surface soil to subsurface soil. Relative SCS loss and carbon dioxide equivalent emission from the grassland compared to forestland were 15.2% and 33.3 Mg ha−1, respectively (p < 0.05). Proper management strategies like agroforestry, legume introduction, silvipastoral system, fertilization, irrigation, and quality grass species could improve SC storage and reduce SCS loss in grassland. Overall, this study gives an idea that conversion of native forestland into grassland in India has declined the SC content and hence it is necessary to adapt proper strategies to manage the soil-atmosphere carbon balance.

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