Changes in microbial biomass C, extractable C and available N during the early stages of decomposition of residue mixtures

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andong Shi ◽  
Petra Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Individual

Decomposition of mixed residues is common in many ecosystems, with residues from different species or above- and below-ground residues from the same species. Although decomposition of litter mixtures has been extensively studied, little is known about the changes in microbial biomass carbon (C) and available nitrogen (N) in the early stages of decomposition of mixtures of shoots and roots. An incubation experiment was carried out in a sandy clay loam with shoot and root residues of two grasses, annual barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and perennial Stipa sp., added separately or as mixtures. Soil respiration was measured continuously, and soil microbial biomass C, extractable C and available N were measured by destructive sampling on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18. Cumulative respiration and microbial biomass C concentration were higher with barley shoots alone or in mixtures than with Stipa residues alone. In the mixture of Stipa shoots and roots, which had similar decomposition rates when incubated individually, the measured cumulative respiration was greater than the expected value (average of the cumulative respiration of the individual residues), but this did not result in greater microbial biomass or changes in available N concentration compared with the individual residues. Cumulative respiration of barley shoots alone was higher than of barley root and Stipa shoot incubated individually. In the mixtures of barley shoots with barley roots or Stipa shoots, the measured cumulative respiration was either lower than the expected value or similar. Compared with barley shoots alone, microbial biomass C concentrations in the mixtures were generally lower in the first 3 days. It is concluded that mixing of residues with similar decomposition rates can stimulate microbial activity (respiration) but has little effect on microbial growth or concentrations of available N. Further, our findings provide information about extractable C and N dynamics during the early stages of decomposition of individual residue and residue mixtures.

Seasonal trends in selected soil biochemical attributes: Effects of crop rotation in the semiarid prairie

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
G. Wen ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
J. Schoenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

Measurements of seasonal changes in soil biochemical attributes can provide valuable information on how crop management and weather variables influence soil quality. We sampled soil from the 0- to 7.5-cm depth of two long-term crop rotations [continuous wheat (Cont W) and both phases of fallow-wheat (F–W)] at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, from early May to mid-October, 11 times in 1995 and 9 times in 1996. The soil is a silt loam, Orthic Brown Chernozem with pH 6.0, in dilute CaCl2. We monitored changes in organic C (OC) and total N (TN), microbial biomass C (MBC), light fraction C and N (LFC and LFN), mineralizable C (Cmin) and N (Nmin), and water-soluble organic C (WSOC). All biochemical attributes, except MBC, showed higher values for Cont W than for F–W, reflecting the historically higher crop residue inputs, less frequent tillage, and drier conditions of Cont W. Based on the seasonal mean values for 1996, we concluded that, after 29 yr, F–W has degraded soil organic C and total N by about 15% compared to Cont W. In the same period it has degraded the labile attributes, except MBC, much more. For example, WSOC is degraded by 22%, Cmin and Nmin by 45% and LFC and LFN by 60–75%. Organic C and TN were constant during the season because one year's C and N inputs are small compared to the total soil C or N. All the labile attributes varied markedly throughout the seasons. We explained most of the seasonal variability in soil biochemical attributes in terms of C and N inputs from crop residues and rhizodeposition, and the influences of soil moisture, precipitation and temperature. Using multiple regression, we related the biochemical attributes to soil moisture and the weather variables, accounting for 20% of the variability in MBC, 27% of that of Nmin, 29% for LFC, 52% for Cmin, and 66% for WSOC. In all cases the biochemical attributes were negatively related to precipitation, soil moisture, temperature and their interactions. We interpreted this to mean that conditions favouring decomposition of organic matter in situ result in decreases in these attributes when they are measured subsequently under laboratory conditions. We concluded that when assessing changes in OC or TN over years, measurements can be made at any time during a year. However, if assessing changes in the labile soil attributes, several measurements should be made during a season or, measurements be made near the same time each year. Key words: Microbial biomass, carbon, nitrogen, mineralization, water-soluble-C, light fraction, weather variables

Soil micro-arthropod communities and microbial parameters in the potato ridge under two field management systems on sandy loams in Atlantic Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Carter ◽  
C. Noronha
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Soil Microbial

Intensive forms of soil management occur in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production systems, but little is known about the influence of such practices on soil biological properties. Microbial biomass C, phosphatase activity, and the abundance (number), richness (family groups), and diversity of soil micro-arthropods (Collembola and mites) were compared in conventional and adjacent integrated pest management (IPM) systems of 3-yr potato rotations, established on fine sandy loams in Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Canada. The study was conducted at two sites over a 2-yr period. Soil microbial parameters were generally similar between management systems. Management differences showed some effect on micro-arthropod abundance and richness in three of the eight comparisons. Under optimum soil-water conditions, both Collembola and mite communities increased over the growing season regardless of management system. Key words: Soil management for potato, Collembola, mites, soil microbial biomass carbon, acid phosphatase, integrated pest management

Influence of Plastic Mulching on Soil Moisture, Nutrient and Microbial Biomass in Pineapple Cultivation on Undulating Hilly Areas of Nagaland

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Sangma ◽  
◽  
A. Thirugnanavel ◽  
Ph. Romen Sharma ◽  
G. Rajesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Available N ◽  
Plastic Mulching

The pineapple var. Kew was planted on black polythene film mulching with double hedgerow planting to find out the influence of mulches on soil and plant. The soil samples were collected twice (kharif and rabi) at two different depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm), and the pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, basal respiration and soil microbial biomass carbon were analysed. The data revealed that soil organic carbon and available N, P, and K content were slightly higher in the bottom hill than the top hill. The mulched field had higher nutrients than the non-mulched field. The fertility level varied slightly between the seasons. The biological parameters (microbial biomass carbon) were observed to be significantly higher (P≤0.05) in the bottom hill in both the seasons than the non-mulched field. The soil moisture content ranged from 5.9 % in March to 24.24 % August in the bottom hill (15-30 cm depth). The moisture content in the non-mulched field was lower than the mulched field.

scholarly journals Pesticides effect on soil microbial ecology and enzyme activity- An overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Arora ◽  
Divya Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

In modern agriculture, chemical pesticides are frequently used in agricultural fields to increase crop production. Besides combating insect pests, these insecticides also affect the activity and population of beneficial soil microbial communities. Chemical pesticides upset the activities of soil microbes and thus may affect the nutritional quality of soils. This results in serious ecological consequences. Soil microbes had different response to different pesticides. Soil microbial biomass that plays an important role in the soil ecosystem where they have crucial role in nutrient cycling. It has been reported that field application of glyphosate increased microbial biomass carbon by 17% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 76% in nine soils at 14 days after treatment. The soil microbial biomass C increased significantly upto 30 days in chlorpyrifos as well as cartap hydrochloride treated soil, but thereafter decreased progressively with time. Soil nematodes, earthworms and protozoa are affected by field application rates of the fungicide fenpropimorph and other herbicides. Thus, there is need to assess the effect of indiscriminate use of pesticides on soil microorganisms, affecting microbial activity and soil fertility.

Changes in soil carbon and nitrogen under long-term cotton plantations in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. KAIYONG ◽  
F. HUA ◽  
T. RANAB ◽  
M. A. HANJRAC ◽  
D. BO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Time Substitution

SUMMARYCotton is the dominant crop in the northern Xinjiang oasis of China; it accounts for 0·78 of the total planting area and represents a major contribution to economic development. The objective of the present study is to determine how cotton plantation age affected chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. The time substitution method was used on plantation farmlands, reclaimed from uncultivated land 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years ago. A total of 250 soil samples, at depths of 0–200, 200–400, 400–600, 600–800 and 800–1000 mm, were collected from cotton fields in 10 farms of each age category. There were significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TSN), soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN). There were also differences in the activities of cellulase, invertase and urease between soil layers and plantation ages, and these were most evident in the 200–400 mm layer. The cumulative rates of SOC and SMBC in the 0–1000 mm soil layer at the 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-year sites were 0·89, 0·99, 1·01 and 0·92 mg/kg/yr and 16, 16, 16 and 15 mg/kg/yr, respectively, compared to that at the control site (0 year). The cumulative amounts of SOC and SMBC increased gradually and then decreased, reaching a maximum at plantation ages of 13·1 years and 11·1 years, respectively. This suggests that incorporation of post-harvest cotton residues could be used as an effective measure to improve SOC in farmland of Xinjiang Oasis, and may be recommended for adoption in cotton growing in semi-arid oasis agriculture.

scholarly journals Evaluation some important microbiological parameters of the carbon cycle in chernozem soils profiles

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
János Kátai ◽  
Zsolt Sándor ◽  
Magdolna Tállai ◽  
Ágnes Zsuposné Oáh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Organic C

Some chemical and microbiological properties of the carbon cycle were investigated in three chernozem soil profiles. The soil profiles originated from a long term fertilization experiment (potato) of the University of Debrecen, Látókép, Kryvyi Rig Botanic Garden (grassland) and a large-scale farm (sunflower) of Ukraine. The results of the organic C-content, total number of bacteria, microscopical fungi, cellulose decomposing bacteria, CO2-production, microbial biomass carbon and saccharase and dehydrogenase activities were compared and evaluated with the help of correlation analyses. Close correlation was found between the organic carbon content and the number of microscopical fungi,, saccharase and dehydrogenase enzymes’ activities, as well as close correlation was found between the dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass-C and saccharase activity.

scholarly journals Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics and CO2 Efflux in the Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil Treated with Chemically Modified Organic Amendments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammed-Nour ◽  
Mohamed Al-Sewailem ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed Hamza ◽  
Anwar A. Aly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Loam Soil

Although carbon (C) efflux from soils treated with organic wastes was widely covered in temperate and cold regions, still such data is not sufficient from arid and semi-arid regions. Saudi Arabia produces more than 335,000 tons/year of cow manure (CM), this CM either left as raw manure or being composted. The application of high C/N amendments is expected to increase soil organic carbon and reduce CO2 fluxes. A 90-day incubation experiment was conducted to study CO2 efflux, organic C microbial biomass C, available NH4+and NO3-when added to agricultural soil. Six manure types were added: cow manure, cow manure compost, cow manure biochar, cow manure stripped ammonia at pH 12 with a temperature of 95oC, cow manure stripped ammonia at pH 9 with a temperature of 95oC and control. The application of CM resulted in a considerable increase in soil available nitrogen, CO2 efflux compared to other treatments. Cow manure biochar showed the lowest CO2 efflux. Cumulative CO2 effluxes of cow manure effluents were lower than CM this possibly due to the relatively high C:N ratio of manure effluent. The content of, P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were decreased as incubation time increased. microbial biomass C of cow manure stripped ammonia at pH 12 with a temperature of 95oC were increased at 7 and 60 days illustrating to temperature effect on the decomposing of manure materials.

Effect of pipeline installation on crop yield and some biological properties of boreal soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Soon ◽  
W. A. Rice ◽  
M. A. Arshad ◽  
P. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Pipeline Construction ◽  
Normal Ranges

Pipeline construction on the Grey soils of the Canadian boreal plains, which have a thin Ah horizon, could have considerable impact on their properties and productivity. This study was conducted because the effects of pipeline installation on crop yield and biological properties of these soils have not been well-documented. Soil was sampled from a Grey Luvisol and a Dark Grey Solod prior to pipeline construction in 1991, and in each of the following 3 yr. The right-of-way (RoW) was divided into three zones: a road (or work) area used for vehicular traffic; a trench where the pipeline was buried; and a pile (or spoil) area where soil was stockpiled during construction. The RoW was cropped to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in 1992 through 1994. Barley yield was low in 1992 (830–1120 kg ha−1), and near average (2050–3290 kg ha−1) in 1993 and 1994. Except for low shoot P concentration (1.1–1.3 mg g−1) in 1992, macronutrient concentrations (N, P and K) in barley tissues were within normal ranges. Soil organic carbon was reduced by 12–28% in all RoW areas in 1993 and 1994. Soil total N was reduced by 29–49% in all RoWs in 1992 and increased slightly from those levels in 1993 and 1994. Pipeline construction affected soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in the three RoW areas differently, and the effect was not consistent from year to year. However, the average level of MBC was not adversely impacted. In 1994, soil phosphatase activity in the RoW zones tended to be lower as compared to pre-pipeline installation, particularly in the pile area of the Dark Grey Solod. It is concluded that although some soil biological properties were degraded by pipeline construction, and barley yield was reduced in 1992, crop production in the following 2 yr was not significantly affected. Key words: Barley, carbon, microbial biomass, nitrogen, phosphatase, pipeline

scholarly journals Effect of land management without farmyard manure application on the amount and the ectivity of soil microbial biomass

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
T. Števlíková ◽  
J. Vjatráková ◽  
S. Javoreková ◽  
S. Mátéová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Year 2000

Four kinds of cereal crops were grown without farmyard manure application. The effect of farmyard manure was supposed to be replaced by post-harvest residues (PH treatment) or by ploughing the total by-product, i.e. straw (PZ treatment) into soil. After seven years of application, this soil farming system did not influence the contents of Cox and Nt in soil. The amount of organic carbon had declined after the first year, but in the following years it remained at the same level (1.2%). The total nitrogen content increased from 0.143 to 0.166% without any considerable difference between the treatments. The amount of microbial biomass (C<sub>mic</sub>) in PH treatment had been varying and in 2000 it decreased approximately by a half (from 215.96 to 132.00 mg C/kg of soil dry matter). The input of organic matter due to ploughing the whole by-product (PZ treatment) into soil acted favourably and the value of C<sub>mic</sub> in 2000 was quite comparable with the average values of the individual years of 1994&ndash;1997. This land management and cereal growing caused a reduction of the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon (C<sub>mic</sub>/C<sub>org</sub>). In the year 2000, the values decreased from 2.59 to 1.09% and from 2.88 to 1.82% in PH and PZ treatments, respectively. The amount of the biologically releasable nitrogen (Nbiol) and the intensity of nitrification were the highest in the year 2000. There was a moderate negative correlation (r = &ndash;0.474) between the N<sub>biol</sub> values and biomass amount values in PZ treatment, and a very close negative one (r = &ndash;0.972) in PH treatment. This relation became strong in both treatments when the values Cmic/Corg and Nbiol were compared, i.e. r<sub>PH</sub> = &ndash;0.863 and r<sub>PZ</sub> = &ndash;0.921. The results confirmed that the amount and the quality of organic matter influence microbial biomass and its activity which is responsible for the nutrient release.

scholarly journals Microbial responses to doses of cover plant straw in cerrado piauiense oxisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Priscilla do Nascimento Amorim ◽  
Cacio Luiz Boechat ◽  
Lizandra de Sousa Luz Duarte ◽  
Daniela Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
João Carlos Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Basal Respiration

Carbon and nitrogen from the soil microbial biomass play a significant role in the rotation of C and N, and promote nutrient cycling. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the soil microbial biomass with growing doses of cover plant straw species. The cover plants cultivated in the cerrado biome region were incorporated an Oxisol Ustox. The straw of each cover plant was incorporated at doses of 0; 10; 20 and 30 Mg ha-1. The soil basal respiration was determined by incubating, after 21 days. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were determined by the method the microwave irradiation. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in extracts were determined by the wet combustion method and Kjeldahl-N. The metabolic quotient was calculated as the ratio between soil basal respiration rate and microbial biomass C, and the microbial quotient as the ratio between soil microbial biomass C and total carbon of soil. The soil microbial population measured by the attributes of quality responds to the addition of the of grass and legume straws incorporated to the soil; The treatments that cause the greatest stress to the microbial population, at 21 days, mediated by the metabolic quotient, are guandu-anão at a dose of 10 Mg ha-1; Guandu-anão and Guandu fava-larga at 20 Mg ha-1 and Brachiária at a dose of 30 Mg ha-1; The best result regarding microbial attributes of soil quality evaluated was observed with the incorporation of all doses of the straw of Crotalaria-ocroleuca.  

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