Palygorskite-cemented crusts (palycretes) in Southern Portugal

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stahr ◽  
J. Kühn ◽  
J. Trommler ◽  
K-H. Papenfuß ◽  
M. Zarei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Random Orientation ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
The Town ◽  
Fine Gravel

In the Oriola depression of Southern Portugal near the town of Evora, field examinations revealed the presence of Tertiary sedimentary deposits that had the consistency of duricrusts. These duricrusts, occurring close to the land surface, were examined in the field as well as in the laboratory, with the objective of establishing their composition and formation. Micromorphological examinations showed that the duricrusts were composed of clasts of fine sand to fine gravel sizes cemented together by a matrix dominated by either palygorskite or carbonate. The matrix : clasts ratio varied from about 1 : 3 when the cement was carbonate, to 3 : 1 or higher when the matrix was palygorskite. Occasionally the ratio in the latter was even higher. The clasts consisted of quartz, feldspar, and some Mg-rich metamorphic minerals. The palygorskite matrix fibres were arranged in mats within which they had parallel orientation. The mats or ‘domains’, which had a length of 15–25 □m and a width of about 40 □m, showed random orientation. In analogy to the term ‘calcrete’ the term ‘palycrete’ is used for the palygorskite duricrusts. The palycrete, of an average thickness of 0.5 m, frequently rested directly on the Hercynian basement rocks, and was covered by a recent solum. In the B horizons of the solum, the palygorskite appeared to undergo recent weathering and transformation into smectite. The duricrusts were proposed to have formed by authigenic calcite or palygorskite, which filled the interstices between clastic particles that had been deposited on Hercynian basement rocks following their peneplanation in the early Tertiary. The proposed environment of deposition and formation was that of an intermittent playa-lake in a semi-arid, seasonal climate, where strong evaporative processes had been active. Alteration and weathering of the mafic minerals contained in some of the clasts, in addition to interstitial solutions rich in Si and Mg, had created the chemical environment required for palygorskite neoformation. From the state of weathering–disintegration of the palygorskite in the soils formed on the palycrete, it is inferred that the environment for palygorskite neoformation had ceased to exist after palycrete formation.

Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and palaeobotany of the Isles of Scilly

1991 ◽  
Vol 334 (1271) ◽  
pp. 405-448 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Sandy Gravel ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Definition Of

A re-evaluation of the Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Isles of Scilly has enabled the formal definition of eight lithostratigraphic units of member status grouped into two formations. A chronology of events has been provided by radiocarbon ( 14 C) determinations, optical and thermoluminescence (TL) dates. Inter-site correlations have been strengthened by palynology, which has aided palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. The defined units have been incorporated into two lithostratigraphic models, one for the ‘northern’ (glacial) Scillies and one for the ‘southern’ (extra-glacial) Scillies. Raised beach sediments of the Watermill Sands and Gravel in the southern Scillies are overlain by the Porthloo Breccia, a unit of soliflucted material derived exclusively from the weathering of local granite. Organic sequences at Carn Morval, Watermill Cove, Porth Askin, Porth Seal and Bread and Cheese Cove occur within the Porthloo Breccia, and are interpreted as the infillings of ponds associated with active solifluction. Radiocarbon determinations from these organic sediments are critical because they pre-date units associated with a glacial event. The 14 C determinations indicate deposition of the organic material between 34 500 +885 -800 (Q-2410) and 21 500 +890 -800 (Q-2358) years BP and provide a maximum age for the glacial event and the first radiometric dates for the coastal ‘head’ sediments of southwest England. The pollen assemblages from these organic sites all record open grassland vegetation, and represent the earliest vegetational record for the Scillies. High Pinus values are interpreted as evidence of climatic deterioration. In the southern Scillies, the Porthloo Breccia is overlain by the Old Man Sandloess, a coarse aeolian silt with subdominant fine sand, TL-dated to 18 600 +3700 -3700 years (QTL -1 d and 1 f; Wintle 1981) and optically dated to 20 000 +7000 - 7000 and 26 000 +10 000 -9000 years (two samples; 738al and 741al; Smith el al . 1990). This material occurs in a variety of facies related to different modes of reworking. In the northern Scillies, the Porthloo Breccia is overlain by three units that are all related to a single glacial event. The Scilly Till, a massive, poorly sorted, clay-rich pale brown diamicton containing abundant striated and faceted erratics of northern derivation, occurs at Bread and Cheese Cove, and Pernagie and White Island Bars. This sediment is of uncertain depositional facies, although the available data suggest that it may be a lodgement till. At Bread and Cheese Cove the Scilly Till occurs in association with a matrix-supported sandy gravel, the Tregarthen Gravel, which has an erratic assemblage consistent with the underlying Till. The distributional relation between the glacially derived sediments, marine bars and morphological varieties of granite tors suggest that some of the bars may be remnant moraines, and that the glacier was erosive in the northern Scillies. Aeolian loessic processes in association with the glacial advance resulted in the deposition of the Old Man Sandloess in the southern Scillies. The relative coarseness of this material is interpreted as a function of its proximity to glacially derived source material. The mineralogy of the Scilly Till is sufficiently similar to the Old Man Sandloess to suggest a genetic link between the two units. Overlying the Scilly Till and Tregarthen Gravel in the northern Scillies is the Hell Bay Gravel, an extremely widespread matrix-supported gravel containing a similar assemblage of striated and faceted erratics to the underlying Till, but alongside a considerable proportion of locally derived granitic material. The matrix of the Hell Bay Gravel is identical to colluvially reworked facies of the Old Man Sandloess. This material represents an initial phase of solifluction, post-dating the glacial event in which the Scilly Till, Tregarthen Gravel and Old Man Sandloess were mixed and transported downslope. In situations where these sediments were stripped from the land surface, weathered granite once again became the dominant raw material for solifluction, this subsequent phase being represented by the Bread and Cheese Breccia in the northern Scillies and the upper Porthloo Breccia in the southern Scillies. The evidence therefore suggests that ice advanced at least as far as the northern Isles of Scilly during the Dimlington Stadial of the late Devensian Substage. This conflicts with previous interpretations which place the glacial deposits within the Wolstonian Stage. However, the late Devensian event was probably not the first glacial event to have influenced the Islands because erratics are widespread in some exposures of the Watermill Sands and Gravel; the age of this earlier event remains uncertain.

scholarly journals VI. On a newly discovered extinct ungulate mammal from Patagonia, homalodonto-therium cunninghami

1874 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Strait Of Magellan ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Strait Of Magellan ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Fine Gravel ◽  
Organic Remains

The tertiary deposits of the east coast of Patagonia, which yielded to the researches of Mr. Darwin and Admiral Sulivan such interesting and aberrant mammals as Macrauchenia , Nesodon , and Toxodon , have again disclosed a new and remarkable form of extinct animal life. The evidence upon which the existence of this new genus rests consists of a nearly complete set of teeth and some fragments of bone, discovered on the bank of the River Gallegos, by Dr. Robert O. Cunningham, Naturalist to H.M.S. ‘Nassau.’ during the voyage undertaken for the purpose of surveying in the Strait of Magellan and the west coast of Patagonia in the years 1866, 1867, 1868, and 1869. The spot was visited in conformity with instructions received before leaving England, “to insti­tute a search for a deposit of fossil bones discovered by Admiral Sulivan and the pre­sent Hydrographer of the Navy, Rear-Admiral G. H. Richards, about twenty years previously, and which Mr. Darwin, Professor Huxley, and other distinguished naturalists were anxious should be carefully examined”. The conditions under which the specimens were found will be best understood from the following additional extract from Dr. Cunningham’s narrative. “Accordingly, joined by the steamer, which again took us in tow, we proceeded onwards till we arrived opposite the first deposit of fallen blocks at the foot of the cliffs. The cutter was then anchored in the stream, while we pulled in towards the shore in the galley till she grounded, when we landed, armed with picks and geological hammers for our work. After examining the first accumulation of blocks, and finding in the soft yellow sandstone of which certain of them were composed some small fragments of bone, we proceeded to walk along the beach, carefully examining the surface of the cliffs and the piles of fragments which occurred here and there at their base. The height of the cliffs varied considerably, and the highest portions, averaging about 200 feet, extended for a distance of about ten miles, and were evidently undergoing a rapid process of disinte­gration, a perpetual shower of small pieces descending in many places, and numerous large masses being in process of detaching themselves from the parent bed. They were principally composed of strata of hard clay (sometimes almost homogeneous in its texture, and at others containing numerous rounded boulders) ; soft yellow sandstone ; sandstone abounding in hard concretions; and, lastly, a kind of conglomerate, resembling solidified, rather fine gravel. The lowermost strata, as a rule, were formed of the sand­ stone with concretions; the middle, of the soft yellow sandstone, which alone appeared to contain organic remains; and the upper, of the gravelly conglomerate and hard clay. Nearly the whole of the lower portion of the cliffs, as well as all the principal deposits of fallen blocks, were examined by us in the course of the walk, and we met with numerous small fragments of bone ; but very few specimens of any size or value occurred, and the generality of these were in such a state of decay as to crumble to pieces when we attempted, although with the utmost amount of care that we could bestow, to remove them from the surrounding mass. To add to this, the matrix in which they were imbedded was so exceedingly soft as not to permit of being split in any given direction. The first fossil of any size observed by us was a long bone, partially protruding from a mass, and dissolved into fragments in the course of my attempts to remove it. At some distance from this a portion of what appeared to be the scapula of a small quadruped, with some vertebrse, occurred; and further on one of the party (Mr. Vereker) directed my attention to a black piece of bone projecting from one side of a large block near its centre. This, which was carefully removed at the expense of a large amount of labour, with a considerable amount of the matrix surrounding it, by three of the officers, to whose zeal in rendering me most valuable assistance in my work I shall ever feel deeply indebted, afterwards proved to be a most valuable specimen for on carefully removing more of the matrix when we returned to the ship, I found that it was the cranium of a quadruped of considerable size, with the dentition of both upper and lower jaws nearly complete. As no other specimens of importance were discovered, we reembarked towards the close of the afternoon.

Studies in the geology and mineralogy of soils: II. Soils of South-East Scotland

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
The South ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
The Matrix

(1) The mineralogical composition of the fine sand fraction of certain soils from the south-east of Scotland is described.(2) The soils are shown to possess a fairly high content of silicate minerals in a comparatively fresh state.(3) The distribution and amount of potash, phosphate and lime-bearing minerals in the soils is discussed.(4) The soils can be grouped according to their mineral content and this grouping is found to depend on the geology of the parent material.(5) All the soils are formed on glacial drift and the results suggest that the local rocks have a preponderating influence on the composition of the matrix of the drift.

scholarly journals Caracterização de parâmetros hidráulicos em depósitos fluviais paleogênicos na Bacia de Volta Redonda, RJ

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Lisbôa Barboza ◽  
Gerson Cardoso da Silva Jr ◽  
Claudio Limeira Mello
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Hydrogeological Parameters ◽  
Variable Head ◽  
Medium Reservoir ◽  
Maximum Permeability

The present study aims for the characterization of the hydrogeological parameters of the Paleogenic fluvial deposits of Volta Redonda Geological Basin, through hydraulic conductivity determinations and grain sized analyses. The overall goal was to produce a hydrogeological data base applicable to the characterization of hydrofacies (interconnected sedimentary bodies with distinct hydraulic properties) and the modeling groundwater flow. The used methods used consisted of in situ permeability determinations (Guelph permeameters) and laboratory tests (variable head permeameter), besides grain size analyses carried out in each sedimentary facies in the study area. These sedimentary facies were characterized by Marques (2006) and belong to the Resende and Pinheiral formations. The permeameter results were coherent to the sedimentological characteristics. The Resende Formation sedimentary deposits are constituted by medium to fine sand with presence of argillaceous matrix and present moderate to very low hydraulic conductivity, varying between 10-4 to 10-8 cm/s, which indicates a poor reservoir. The Pinheiral Formation presents sandy layers with conglomeratic lenses, limited by small thickness pelitic intervals, with a very low permeability, with a hydraulic conductivity varying between 10-5 to 10-7 cm/s. The upper layer has the maximum permeability, around 10-3 cm/s. This formation presents a medium reservoir characteristics and it must be taken into consideration that the upper layer has as role in recharge to the aquifer. From the results of hydraulic conductivity, that varies from 10-8 to 10-3 cm/s for the Resende and Pinheiral formations, it is concluded that these deposits a low to medium hydraulic conductivity, explaining the low productivity of the water-bearing multilayered aquifer of Volta Redonda Basin.

scholarly journals Sediment Transport of Fine Sand to Fine Gravel on Transverse Bed Slopes in Rotating Annular Flume Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne W. Baar ◽  
Jaco de Smit ◽  
Wim S. J. Uijttewaal ◽  
Maarten G. Kleinhans
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Flume Experiments ◽  
Annular Flume ◽  
Rotating Annular Flume ◽  
Fine Gravel

Petrology and geochronology of cordierite bearing assemblages from the Wanni Complex – Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Lechner ◽  
Christoph Hauzenberger ◽  
Marcel Masten ◽  
Dominik Sorger ◽  
G.W.A. Rohan Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Granulite Facies Metamorphism ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Uht Metamorphism

<p>Based on differences in metamorphic grade and isotope model ages, the basement rocks of Sri Lanka can be subdivided from NW to SE into the Wanni Complex (WC), the Highland Complex (HC) and the Vijayan Complex (VC) (Milisenda et al. 1994). The UHT conditions of the HC were studied extensively and are well constrained whereas data from the WC and VC are less abundant. Only few recent petrological and geochemical work has been done especially along the WC–HC boundary which is still ill-defined (Kitano et al. 2018; Wanniarachchi & Akasaka 2016). Due to the common occurrence of migmatites, pyroxene bearing gneisses, and cordierite bearing metapelites/paragneisses, the WC clearly experienced granulite facies metamorphism. However, PT conditions are lower compared to the HC. In this study, U-Th-Pb monazite dating combined with a petrological study including phase equilibria modelling and thermobarometry was conducted focusing on cordierite bearing migmatic biotite gneisses located at the WC–HC boundary in the West of Sri Lanka. The HC underwent UHT metamorphism at 580-570Ma (Sajeev et al. 2010), the main metamorphic phase of the VC is dated with 580Ma. (Kröner et al., 2013). With U-Th-Pb monazite ages of around 530 Ma, the cordierite bearing assemblages from the WC are significantly younger (Wanniarachchi & Akasaka 2016). The predominantly felsic but also mafic peraluminous migmatic ortho- and paragneisses comprising the mineral assemblage cordierite + garnet + biotite + plagioclase + k-feldspar + quartz + ilmenite + magnetite + spinel + sillimanite ± orthopyroxene and contain monazite (+ zircon ± xenotime) as garnet inclusions (Group1) and in the matrix (Group2). Group1 monazite ages cluster around 575±5 Ma and 561±5 Ma whereas ages of Group 2 cluster at 550±3 and 527±3. Based on ages and textural occurrence of monazite we suggest that two thermal events at ca. 550-575 Ma and ca. 530-550 Ma are recorded in this rock type indicating a complex evolution during the late stage of the Pan-African orogeny. PT conditions range from 700–900°C and from 5–8 kbar with a decreasing north-south gradient. Further geochronological investigations are needed to relate either to the older or the younger overprint to the main metamorphic phase of the WC.</p><p>Kitano, I., Osanai, Y., Nakano, N., Adachi, T., & Fitzsimons, I. C. W. (2018). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 156, 122–144.</p><p>Kröner, A., Rojas-Agramonte, Y., Kehelpannala, K. V. W., Zack, T., Hegner, E., Geng, H. Y., … Barth, M. (2013). Precambrian Research, 234, 288–321. </p><p>Milisenda, C. C., Liewa, T. C., Hofmanna, A. W., & Köhler, H. (1994). Precambrian Research, 66(1–4), 95–110.</p><p>Sajeev, K., Williams, I. S., & Osanai, Y. (2010). Geology, 38(11), 971–974.</p><p>Wanniarachchi, D. N. S., & Akasaka, M. (2016). Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 111(5), 351–362.</p>

Functionally Graded Nanocomposites: Manufacturing and Characterization

Aerospace ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Rud ◽  
Yuri M. Shkel ◽  
Donald R. Matthys ◽  
Jeffrey P. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry ◽  
Random Orientation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Particle Alignment

Multi-walled carbon nanofiber (MWCN) composites having tailored internal structure are created using Field Aided Micro Tailoring (FAiMTa) technology. FAiMTa is a technique that relies on the application of an electric field to a suspension while it cures. The particles in the suspension align in the direction of the electric field while the matrix material hardens, locking the aligned particles in place. The outcome is an orthotropic micro-tailored composite. Three 1% by volume MWCN/epoxy composite systems are manufactured and characterized: (a) random orientation, (b) fibers aligned through the thickness of the sample, and (c) half-aligned through the thickness and half random orientation. Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) are used to evaluate mechanical material properties as a function of particle alignment. The half aligned sample demonstrates the ability of FAiMTa to locally tailor a material.

scholarly journals Determining lateral pressure from embankment soil own weight on the end piers of the bridge

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Vitalii Kozhushko ◽  
Serhii Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Pressure ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The problem statement is to study the issue of determining the lateral pressure of the soil from the weight of the embankment soil on the end piers of the bridge at a foundation depth of 3 m. In the regulatory documents, when determining the lateral pressure for this case, it is recommended not to take into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil located below the land surface. The aim of the work is to identify the magnitude of the lateral pressure, taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of both the embankment soil and the soil located within the depth of the foundation, as well as taking into account the height of the pier.Methodology. Two calculation optio ns are considered: according to the requirements of the norms and when using a stepped diagram of lateral pressure. In the study, the soil of the embankment was assumed to be sandy with an angle of internal frictionφn = 30º and specific gravity γn = 20 kN/m3. Calculations were carried out for the following base soils: silty sand with an angle of internal friction φn = 26º and specific gravity γn = 19 kN/m3; fine sand at φn = 34º and γn = 19.6 kN/m3 and coarse sand at φn = 43º and γn = 21 kN/m3. Results. It is shown that, in comparison with the results of calculation according to the norms, the lateral pressure and other quantities (lateral pressure force, overturning moment) can vary up to 43 %. In this case, the lateral pressure at the angle of internal friction of the embankment soil exceeding the angle of internal friction of the foundation soil will be greater than the pres-sure obtained according to the norms, and if the angle of internal friction of the embankment soil is less than the angle of internal friction of the foundation, it will be less than the pressure calculated according to the standards. Thus, in some cases, the pier, calculated according to the requirements of the standards, is overloaded, and in other cases it has significant reserves. Values of the lateral pressure are also different at different heights of the pier, which was taken equal to 1; 3; 5; 7; 9; 11 and 13 m. The novelty of the work lies in the need to consider the height of the pier and the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils, both of embankments and foundationswhen determining the lateral pressure. The practical signif-icance involves the fact that in a number of casesit is possible to recommend more economical designs of piers than the calculations according to the requirements of the current standards suggest.

scholarly journals An Inquiry into the Theory of the Matrix: Subjectivity, Gaze, and Desire in Kristina Inčiūraitė’s Video the Meeting (2012)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Diana Romanskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Lacanian Psychoanalysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Feminist Scholar ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

Summary This article deals with the Matrix theory of subjectivity, gaze, and desire by feminist scholar Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger. Matrixial framework is explored in comparison to Lacanian psychoanalysis. The essay denotes the differences between split Lacanian model of the subject and Matrixial subjectivity based on plurality and continuity. I argue that Lacanian model which grounds the subject in fundamental lack and loss of corporal reality is insufficient for explaining specifically feminine experience in terms of temporality and collective memory, whereas the Matrix theory provides a conceptual apparatus for positive female identification and alliances between the past and the present. Ettinger’s Matrixial model is applied in the analysis of the 2012 video The Meeting by contemporary Lithuanian artist Kristina Inčiūraitė. I claim that the mode of desire in The Meeting is based on Matrixial gaze, which allows to formulate memory as co-created by two partners who share archaic knowledge of the Real, grounded in common relation to female sexual difference and intrauterine condition. Therefore, the article interprets the imagery of the town of Svetlogorsk in the video as coemerged mental images that affect each of the partners. I conclude that the Matrix theory overcomes the phallocentrism of classical psychoanalysis, allowing to reformulate the subject in terms of connectivity, compassion, and abilities to process Other’s trauma through positive cultural change.

scholarly journals Landscape Resistance Index Aiming At Functional Forest Connectivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Vanderley-Silva ◽  
Roberta Averna Valente
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Landscape Resistance ◽  
Class Interval ◽  
Forest Connectivity ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The terrestrial surface is the basis for defining the species dispersion paths and overcoming the matrix resistance. In this approach, connecting paths with high levels of integrity must avoid barriers and anthropized areas. In this context, the main objective of this study was to develop the Landscape Resistance Index based on environment integrity. It was developed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), supported by the criteria of Land Surface Temperature, Nighttime Reflectance, and Inverted NDVI, which are called observed variables. The landscape studied in the Green Belt Biosphere Reserve of São Paulo has suffered from urban sprawl. However, it has significant remnants of the Atlantic Forest, which is a biodiversity hotspot. Our results indicated criteria variability in the landscape, however, modeled through the SEM, obtaining a significant adjustment of the Landscape Resistance Index, with CFI of 1.00 and RMSEA of 0.00. The index reflects the resistance levels of the land-use/land-cover, expressed by the class interval, ranging from 0% (1.73) to 100% (493.88), with the highest values associated with the anthropized uses and forest isolation. This way, the index based on environmental attributes reflects the structure of functional forest connectivity, supporting the planning design of forest corridors across landscapes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document