Man and the Internet: dialectics of knowledge and information

In the article the problem of transformation of the information received by the user on the Internet into his knowledge is investigated. The paper uses the main special scientific and logical research methods used in the social and humanitarian sciences. At the same time, the methods of systematic and value-worldview analysis of the phenomena of the spiritual world of a person are distinguished by the degree of significance, which allow us to study the problem of the dialectic of knowledge and information on the Internet not in isolation, but in connection with the main phenomena of the spiritual life of people, taking into account the priority of value-worldview structures. The goal of the work is to find a priority factor that provides a higher degree of accuracy in the transformation of information from the Internet into human knowledge. It is shown that the nature of the world wide web to a certain extent complicates the process of translating information coming to a person into his knowledge. It is concluded that the condition for the transformation of information received by the user on the Internet is the cognitive activity of a person, due primarily to the development of its value and ideological sphere. If the cognizing person has sufficiently developed and stable value – ideological foundations of personality (beliefs, ideals, principles, worldview), he successfully realizes himself as a developing subject, an active participant in knowledge. On the contrary, insufficiently stable value-worldview sphere can lead to passive perception of information by the individual, adaptation to reality, simplification of personality. Information from the Internet in the most adequate form is transformed into a person’s knowledge on the basis of his own cognitive activity, in the presence of intellectual and volitional capabilities (especially value-worldview qualities) for verifying the information available on the Network.

History of Relating Logic. The Origin and Research Directions

In this paper, we present the history of and the research directions in relating logic. For this purpose we will describe Epstein's Programme, which postulates accounting for the content of sentences in logical research. We will focus on analysing the content relationship and Epstein's logics that are based on it, which are special cases of relating logic. Moreover, the set-assignment semantics will be discussed. Next, the Torunian Programme of Relating Semantics will be presented; this programme explores the various non-logical relationships in logical research, including those which are content-related. We will present a general description of relating logic and semantics as well as the most prominent issues regarding the Torunian Programme, including some of its special cases and the results achieved to date.

SupTech and RegTech initiatives: analysis of the basic characteristics and model risks

Objective: to analyze the SupTech and RegTech initiatives of central banks in the context of their essential characteristics and model risks.Methods: the work used a combination of methods of dialectical, empirical, comparative and logical research.Results: SupTech and RegTech technologies are defined; problems in the legal field existing within the framework of their use and ways to solve them are shown; model risks are assessed, in particular, the risks of adverse consequences resulting from the use of inaccuracies, errors, false assumptions and incorrect settings in models.Scientific novelty: the article identifies the model risks and suggests ways to reduce them, in particular, the risks of adverse consequences resulting from the use of inaccuracies, errors, false assumptions and incorrect settings; the work shows the need for a regulatory legal acts system and offers options for interpreting the models results.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used to develop a glossary, terms and definitions of SupTech and RegTech initiatives, the regulatory mechanisms and legal framework for their functioning, as well as to develop methods to reduce risks associated with the implementation and functioning of SupTech and RegTech initiatives.

Substitution of Parties in the Obligation and Suretyship: Contradictions in the Construction of a Solidary Plurality of Persons (Part 1)

Introduction: the authors conducted a study of the differentiation of the norms on surety and substitution of parties in the obligation due to the lack of their clear regulation by the legislator. The paper discusses the concepts of co-suretyship and individual suretyship, reveals their similarities and differences. The authors highlighted the problems of applying the rules on the substitution of parties in the obligation and the responsibility of the surety and also suggested the ways to resolve them. The purpose of the study is to develop some proposals for improving the institution of suretyship and bringing it into line with the norms on the substitution of parties in an obligation. Methods: the study used historical, comparative law, logical research methods, as well as the method of the literal and broad interpretation of normative legal acts and court decisions. Results: the civil law doctrine of the institute of suretyship and co-suretyship was supplemented, the legal position of suretyship in the proper performance of its obligations for the debtor was determined from the standpoint of the science of civil law. Conclusions: according to the results of the study, it is proposed to amend the current legislation and completely exclude from it the provisions on the independent regulation of “joint suretyship”, i.e. to recognize Part 3 of Article 363 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as invalid. The provisions developed by the authors will simplify and streamline the law enforcement practice in the issues under consideration.

The concept of implementation of specifications on cosmetic products in Ukraine

Aim. To develop the сoncept of implementation of specifications on cosmetic products in Ukraine.Materials and methods. As research materials the processes of technical regulation of cosmetic products were studied, logical, research methods, as well as the method of content analysis were used.Results. The analysis of the practice of regulating the turnover of cosmetic products was performed; it allowed identifying potential risks in the process of implementing specifications on cosmetic products in Ukraine. Based on the results of the systematization of the impact factors on implementation of the normative legal act the model of its implementation plan was developed, and the main procedures for applying the general provisions of the document were described.Conclusions. Taking into account the problems of implementation of specifications on cosmetic products the concept of implementation regulating the rules of the turnover of cosmetic products at the Ukrainian consumer market has been proposed.

Overview of the range of medicinal extracts at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine

Aim. To study the range of medicinal extracts at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine as of 2020 in order to determine the feasibility of developing a new medicinal product based on them.Materials and methods. The bibliosemantic, analytical, logical research methods were used to analyze the literature sources; the analytical analysis was applied to study the segment of the domestic pharmaceutical market regarding the range of medicinal extracts as of 2020. Thus, their composition, distribution by the aggregate state, forms of production and country of origin, harmonization with the Ph. Eur. were analyzed.Results. It has been determined that the domestic pharmaceutical market has 18 extracts, all of them are liquid. Among all extracts registered in Ukraine the leading place (16 items) belongs to the Ukrainian manufacturers. The nomenclature of imported drugs consists of 1 extract of Vietnamese and 1 of Swiss production. Among the Ukrainian manufacturers, the largest market segment belongs to PJSC “Lubnipharm” ‒ 4 drugs; “Rotokan” is available in 55 and 110 ml bottles, while “Aloe extract”, solution for injection, 1 ml, No. 10, in ampoules is produced by PJSC “Lubnipharm” and CJSC “Darnytsia”; “Eleutherococcus extract”, 50 ml, in a bottle ‒ by LLC “Unipharma” (“Ternopharm”) and agricultural firm “Yan”. There are 19 drugs with extracts at the domestic pharmaceutical market; among them the largest market segment is occupied by drugs in the form of tablets and capsules (7 items), 2 oral solutions, 1 drug in the form of oral drops, 1 syrup and powder for oral solution. Most drugs containing extracts are made by the Ukrainian manufacturers (about 47 %), while manufacturers from Germany, France and Switzerland supply 2 drugs each, Spain, Bulgaria, Slovenia and the Czech Republic ‒ 1 drug each.Conclusions. There are 18 extracts and 19 preparations with extracts at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Most of the drugs in this sample are hypnotics and sedatives (55 %), as well as drugs used in diseases of the liver and biliary tract, they improve digestion and the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract.

Business Ecosystem as a Stage of the Life Cycle of an Organization and as an Element of Intellectual Management

The work aims are to study the concept of a business ecosystem as a new stage in the life cycle of an organization. At the same time, there is an attempt to establish the process of forming a business ecosystem as an element that is part of the “intellectual management” of managing an organization. One of the main thoughts is that all used classifications of life cycles, namely the models of L. Danko, R. Daft, I. Adisis, and L. Greiner, have similar stages. Based on the analysis of the history of Yandex, it was found that the formation of its own business ecosystem allows avoiding falling into the “extinction” stage, since the entire formation process is accompanied by the constant activity of the organization in different directions. The importance of digitalization of business before the transition to the formation of its business ecosystem, and the need for at least one completed cycle, or its main part, with the consolidation of the company’s key product in the market, was emphasized. The material mainly uses the historical and abstract-logical research method with methods of analysis and synthesis.

LIMITS OF FACT-FINDING IN THE NOTARY ACTIONS VS QUESTIONS FOR EXPERTS

The article considers notary as a subject appointment of examination and sending documents for examination. The gaps in legislation regulating this issue are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to draw attention to expanding the possibility of using the institution of notaries reduce the backlog of cases in courts. Comparative and logical research methods are used. As a result of the research, the author came to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the current legislation. The chosen topic has not previously been the subject of research.

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS FOR CUSTOMS PURPOSES

Объектом исследования выступают общественные отношения, складывающиеся в процессе классификации товаров в таможенных целях. Целью научной работы является рассмотрение некоторых практических аспектов выбора классификационного кода для различных категорий товаров. На основе общелогических методов исследования были выявлены особенности классификации наборов и комплектов, частей общего назначения и компонентов, используемых исключительно как составляющие определенного оборудования или механизма. The object of the study is the social relations that develop in the process of classification of goods for customs purposes. The purpose of the scientific work is to consider some practical aspects of the choice of the classification code for various categories of goods. On the basis of general logical research methods, the features of classification of sets, general-purpose parts and components used exclusively as components of a certain equipment or mechanism were identified.

Innovative Aspects of Teaching Foreign Students to Read in English during Distance Learning

This study examines the issues of teaching foreign students to read in English in the period of distance learning. The relevance of the problem under study is driven by the need for implementation of non-standard systems of teaching students the reading techniques in response to the quarantine isolation, due to the inability to undergo training according to the standard scheme. The purpose of the paper is to investigate and determine the main directions to consider the problem at hand, with an indication of its specific innovative solutions. A combination of analytical and logical research methods with a detailed analysis of available studies in the chosen field was chosen as the leading approach to the investigation of this question. The main results of this paper are: a statement of the availability of unlimited opportunities in this field, with the development of the Internet-based teaching technologies, and the recognition of the fact that the level of technical equipment of Ukrainian universities corresponds to that necessary for conducting successful classes with foreign students online in order to teach them to read in English. Prospects for further research in this area are determined by the urgent need for the development of distance learning in general and to teach foreign students to read in English, in particular, using innovative solutions that increase the overall efficiency of the teaching process.