Thermal relations and water balance in the day frog, Taudactylus diurnus, from an Australian rain forest

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Critical Thermal Maxima ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermal Relations

Body temperatures, critical thermal maxima, tolerance to water loss, and rehydration rates were measured for T. diurnus in the rain forest on Mt. Glorious, south-eastern Queensland. Body temperatures ranged from 13.6 to 22.8'C (mean 1 8 . 4 i l .g�C) for adults and from 14.0 to 23.8"C (mean 19.852.4"C) for juveniles. Body temperatures were significantly higher in juveniles. The critical thermal maximum for T. diurnus was 31 . l i l . 2 " C and ranged from 28.4 to 33.7"C. Minimal activity temperatures appear to be reached in winter months. The mean lethal water loss for T. diurnus was 26.2 & 4.3 % of the original weight; this species shows less tolerance to desiccation than other Australian anurans that have been studied.

Thermal Relations of Testudo hermanni robertmertensi WERMUTH in S. France

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stubbs ◽  
Adrian Hailey ◽  
Elizabeth Pulford
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Thermal Relations

AbstractThe mean body temperature of T. hermanni in woodland in France was 28.5 °C (August 1981). Body temperatures were elevated above air temperature and indirect evidence for basking and selection of an optimal microenvironment is discussed.

Critical thermal maxima of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry under field and laboratory acclimation regimes

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Konecki ◽  
Carol A. Woody ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Critical Thermal Maxima ◽  
Laboratory Acclimation ◽  
Two Populations

Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from three populations in Washington State were captured in the field and tested for critical thermal maximum (CTM). Tolerances varied among the populations (mean CTMs were 28.21, 29.13, and 29.23 °C) and exceeded published data from some laboratory tests. The population from a relatively cool stream had a lower CTM than the two populations from warmer streams. However, after the salmon had been in the laboratory for 3 months under constant, common temperature regimes, the CTMs no longer differed, indicating that the population-specific differences resulted from different acclimation regimes rather than from genetic adaptation.

Evaporative water loss in man in a gravity-free environment

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Leach ◽  
J. I. Leonard ◽  
P. C. Rambaut ◽  
P. C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Convective Flow ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Environment

Daily evaporative water losses (EWL) during the three Skylab missions were measured indirectly using mass and water-balance techniques. The mean daily values of EWL for the nine crew members who averaged 1 h of daily exercise were: preflight 1,750 +/- 37 (SE) ml or 970 +/- 20 ml/m2 and inflight 1,560 +/- 26 ml or 860 +/- 14 ml/m2. Although it was expected the EWL would increase in the hypobaric environment of Skylab (one-third atmosphere). an average decrease from preflight sealevel conditions of 11% was measured. The results suggest that weightlessness decreased sweat losses during exercise and possibly reduced insensible skin losses as well. The weightlessness environment apparently promotes the formation of an observed sweat film on the skin surface during exercise by reducing convective flow and sweat drippage, resulting in high levels of skin wettedness that favor sweat suppression.

The Influence of Age, Diet and Lipid Content on Survival, Water Balance and Na+ and K+ Regulation in Dehydrating Cockroaches

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
LOIS E. TUCKER
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Lipid Stores ◽  
Metabolic Water

In dehydrating conditions late instar nymphs lose weight more slowly and survive longer than adult Periplaneta americana. This appears to be due, at least in part, to the larger lipid stores which are found in the fat bodies of the nymphs. When the water loss from an animal is greater than the amount of metabolic water obtained from the catabolism of stored foods, water is removed from the haemolymph in order to maintain water balance in the tissues. Dehydration for 6 days causes the haemolymph volume to decrease markedly in most adults, but the haemolymph Na+ and K+ concentrations increase only slightly. During dehydration the mean Na+/K+ ratio of the fat body tissue increased in adults, except in those which had been fed on pure carbohydrate prior to dehydration. Although not always statistically significant on account of the large variances, the changes in mean Na+, K+ and in the Na+/K+ ratio suggest there is an increase in Na+ and decrease in K+ in the fat body of animals where the haemolymph volume is markedly reduced by dehydration.

Induced hyperthermia in sedated humans and the concept of critical thermal maximum

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (5) ◽  
pp. R228-R236 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Bynum ◽  
K. B. Pandolf ◽  
W. H. Schuette ◽  
R. F. Goldman ◽  
D. E. Lees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mathematical Technique ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Equivalent Time ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Deep Body

The concept of critical thermal maximum (CTM) has been defined in the literature as the minimal high deep-body temperature that is lethal to an animal. In man the CTM has been estimated at 41.6--42.0 degrees C. Data are presented for sedated, unacclimatized, well-hydrated men heated 1 h at esophageal temperatures of 41.6--42.0 degrees C, without sequelae, except for modest elevation of serum enzymes in two of five patients. These data when combined with other observations in the literature suggest that CTM be redefined as the particular combination of exposure time at elevated body temperatures that results in either subclinical (CTM)s) or clinical (CTMc) injuries. Also presented is a mathematical technique, equivalent time at 42 degrees C (Teq 42 degrees), for expressing hyperthermia in terms of body temperature and exposure time.

Ocular surface temperature differences in glaucoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110237
Author(s):  
Ari Leshno ◽  
Ori Stern ◽  
Yaniv Barkana ◽  
Noa Kapelushnik ◽  
Reut Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and immune response are part of the sequence of pathological events leading to optic nerve damage in glaucoma. Changes in tissue temperature due to inflammation can be measured by thermographic imaging. We investigated the ocular surface temperature (OST) profile of glaucomatous eyes to better understand the pathophysiology of these conditions. Methods: Subjects diagnosed with glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] or pseudo exfoliation glaucoma [PXFG]) treated at the Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center (11/2019–11/2020.) were recruited. Healthy subjects with no ocular disease served as controls. The Therm-App thermal imaging camera was used for OST acquisition. Room and body temperatures were recorded, and the mean temperatures of the medial cantus, lateral cantus, and cornea were calculated with image processing software. Results: Thermographic images were obtained from 52 subjects (52 eyes: 25 POAG and 27 PXFG) and 66 controls (66 eyes). Eyes with glaucoma had a significantly higher OST compared to controls (mean 0.9 ± 0.3°C, p < 0.005). The difference between the two groups remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP) and room and body temperatures. Lens status and topical IOP-lowering medication did not significantly affect OST. A subgroup analysis revealed that the OST was higher among eyes with POAG compared to eyes with PXFG, but not significantly. Conclusions: Differences in the OST between glaucomatous and normal eyes strengthens current thinking that inflammation affects the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the prognostic value of thermographic evaluations in these patients.

Critical thermal maximum in mice

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Thermal Limit ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Righting Reflex ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Extended Exposure

The critical thermal maximum (the colonic temperature of heat-induced convulsion and righting reflex loss) and thermoregulatory response of male mice were examined following I, exposure to colonic temperature (Tco) 42 degrees C; II, a single exposure to the critical thermal maximum (Tco 44 degrees C); AND III, acclimation at ambient temperatures of 15 or 30 degrees C for 14 days. The critical thermal maximum (CTM) was greater in 30 degrees C acclimated mice than 15 degrees C acclimated mice but was unchanged in mice surviving exposure to Tco 42 degrees C or the CTM. The heating time to apparent breakdown of thermoregulation coincident with an explosive rise in the Tco during exposure to ambient temperature 40.8 degrees C was increased (100%) during the 48-h period following exposure to Tco 42 degrees. It appeared that mice exposed to severe, short-term heat stress (Tco 42 degrees) undergo a compensatory increase in their thermoregulatory cooling capacity with little or no change in the upper temperature tolerated. The animals did, however, exhibit the capability for adaptive adjustments of the upper thermal limit during extended exposure to the more prolonged and less severe environmental heat stress of acclimation at 30 degrees C.

scholarly journals Improving the Keeping Quality and Vase Life of Cut Alstroemeria Flowers by Pre and Post-harvest Salicylic Acid Treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz SOLEIMANY-FARD ◽  
Khodayar HEMMATI ◽  
Ahmad KHALIGHI
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Keeping Quality

Keeping quality and length of vase life are important factors for evaluation of cut flowers quality, for both domestic and export markets. Studding the effect of pre- and post-harvest salicylic acid applications on keeping quality and vase life of cut alstroemeria flowers during vase period is the approach taken. Aqueous solutions of salicylic acid at 0.0 (with distilled water), 1, 2 and 3 mM were sprayed to run-off (approximately 500 mL per plant), about two weeks before flowers harvest. The cut flowers were harvested in the early morning and both of cut flowers treated (sprayed) and untreated were kept in vase solutions containing salicylic acid at 0.0 (with distilled water), 1, 2 and 3 mM. Sucrose at 4% was added to all treatments as a base solution. The changes in relative fresh weight, water uptake, water loss, water balance, total chlorophyll content and vase life were estimated during vase period. The results showed that the relative fresh weight, water uptake, water balance, total chlorophyll content and vase life decreased significantly while the water loss increased significantly during experiment for all treatments. A significant difference between salicylic acid and control treatments in all measured parameters is observed. During vase period, the salicylic acid treatments maintained significantly a more favourable relative fresh weight, water uptake, water balance, total chlorophyll content and supressed significantly water loss, as compared to control treatment. Also, the results showed that the using salicylic acid increased significantly the vase life cut alstroemeria flowers, over control. The highest values of measured parameters were found when plants were treated by pre + post-harvest application of salicylic acid at 3 mM. The result revealed that the quality attributes and vase life of cut alstroemeria flowers were improved by the use of salicylic acid treatment.

scholarly journals Water temperature affects aggressive interactions in a Neotropical cichlid fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela L. Brandão ◽  
Gisele Colognesi ◽  
Marcela C. Bolognesi ◽  
Roselene S. Costa-Ferreira ◽  
Thaís B. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Critical Thermal Maximum ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Thermal Maximum

ABSTRACT Changes in water temperature may affect the aggressive behavior of aquatic organisms, such as fish, either by changing some physiological mechanisms or by increasing the probability of encounters between individuals as a result of variation in their swimming activity. In our study, we evaluated the influence of increasing and decreasing temperature on the aggressive behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma paranaense. Firstly, we tested the critical thermal maximum (CTMax) tolerated by this species. Then, we tested the effect of decreasing or increasing the water temperature in 6o C (starting at 27° C) on the aggressive interactions of fish under isolation or housed in groups. We found a CTMax value of 39° C for C. paranaense. We also observe that a 6° C decrease in water temperature lowers swimming activity and aggressive interactions in both isolated and group-housed fish, as expected. On the other hand, the increase in temperature had no effect on the fish’s aggressive behavior, neither for isolated nor for grouped fish. We concluded that C. paranaense shows high tolerance to elevated temperatures and, in turn, it does not affect aggressive behavior. Nevertheless, we cannot dismiss possible effects of elevated temperatures on aggressive interactions over longer periods.

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