Development, Longevity and Fecundity of the False Wireworms Pterohelaeus Darlingensis and P. Alternatus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Ii. Effect of Food Type.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
PG Allsopp
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Positive Population ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Pterohelaeus darlingensis Carter and P. alternatus Pasc. were reared under constant temperatures on 10 different foods in the laboratory in Australia. In P. darlingensis, wheat, barley and sorghum resulted in the shortest larval development periods, longest pupal periods and lowest pre-imaginal mortality. Egg-laying rates were highest on wheat, barley and maize and lowest on oats and soyabean. No females were produced after feeding on wheat straw, and no eggs were laid after feeding on linseed and turnip weed. Only wheat, barley, maize and sorghum (in descending order) allowed an increase in population. In P. alternatus, wheat, sorghum and barley resulted in the shortest pre-imaginal development with the least mortality. Egg-laying rates were highest on wheat, maize and sorghum and lowest on barley and oats. No eggs were laid by females fed on linseed. Wheat, sorghum, maize, sunflower, barley and soyabean allowed a positive population growth. These results are discussed in relation to control of the tenebrionids by crop rotation.

The Effect of Food Type on Prey Capture Kinematics in the Mudminnow,Umbra limi

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey K. Lines ◽  
Anthony Blume ◽  
Lara A. Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Effect Of Food

scholarly journals Rearing Drones in Queen Cells of Apis mellifera Honey Bees

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Georgios Goras ◽  
Chrysoula Tananaki ◽  
Sofia Gounari ◽  
Elissavet Lazaridou ◽  
Dimitrios Kanelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Queen Larvae ◽  
As If

Abstract We investigated the rearing of drone larvae grafted in queen cells. From the 1200 drone larvae that were grafted during spring and autumn, 875 were accepted (72.9%) and reared as queens. Drone larvae in false queen cells received royal jelly of the same composition and of the same amounts as queen larvae. Workers capped the queen cells as if they were drones, 9-10 days after the egg laying. Out of 60 accepted false queen cells, 21 (35%) were capped. The shape of false queen cells with drone larvae is unusually long with a characteristically elongate tip which is probably due to the falling of larvae. Bees start the destruction of the cells when the larvae were 3 days old and maximised it before and after capping. Protecting false queen cells in the colony by wrapping, reversing them upside down, or placing in a horizontal position, did not help. The only adult drones that emerged from the false queen cells were those protected in an incubator and in push-in cages. Adult drones from false queen cells had smaller wings, legs, and proboscis than regular drones. The results of this study verify previous reports that the bees do not recognise the different sex of the larvae at least at the early stage of larval development. The late destruction of false queen cells, the similarity in quality and quantity of the produced royal jelly, and the bigger drone cells, allow for the use of drone larvae in cups for the production of royal jelly.

scholarly journals Data on the levels of Melamine- migration from Melamine- ware products and effect of food type and time on it

Data in Brief ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Ehsan Haghi ◽  
Mahmood Alimohammadi ◽  
Sahar Asadnejad ◽  
Fariba Razeghi ◽  
Parisa Sadighara
Keyword(s):  
Food Type ◽  
Effect Of Food

scholarly journals Determinants of the development of the Mazowieckie Province in 2007-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Łukasz Grzęda
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
National Average ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Population

The article presents the results of the analysis of factors influencing the development of the Mazowieckie Province (Masovia) in the years 2007–2016. Data for the study were collected from the Central Statistical Office and Statistical Yearbooks of the Mazowieckie Province. The results indicate that the level of development of Masovia is considerably higher than of other provinces in the country. At the end of the analyzed period, in Masovia the GDP per capita was almost twice as high as the national average. Masovia held the highest share in Poland’s GDP (22%). Important factors positively affecting the development of Masovia are: positive population growth and improving demographic situation, and broad access to telecommunications. Additional factors of the dynamic Masovia’s development are: extensive transportation infrastructure (104.3 km per 100 km2) and high number of students (236.5 thousand) and college graduates (60.8 thousand) who constitute the future substantive resources of the province’s economy.

Effect of food type and concentration on the survival, longevity, and reproduction of Daphnia magna

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo ◽  
Rafael Villaseñor ◽  
Guillermo Rios ◽  
Félix Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Effect Of Food

Soybean Foliage Consumption Reduces Adult Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Survival and Stimulates Flight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L Spencer ◽  
Timothy R Mabry ◽  
Eli Levine ◽  
Scott A Isard
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Egg Maturation ◽  
Behavioral Resistance ◽  
Collection Sites

Abstract Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, biology is tied to the continuous availability of its host (corn, Zea mays L.). Annual rotation of corn with a nonhost, like soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was a reliable tactic to manage western corn rootworm. Behavioral resistance to annual crop rotation (rotation resistance) allowed some eastern U.S. Corn Belt populations to circumvent rotation by laying eggs in soybean and in cornfields. When active in soybean, rotation-resistant adults commonly consume foliage, in spite of detrimental effects on beetle survival. Rotation-resistant beetle activity in soybean is enabled by the expression of certain proteinases and an adapted gut microbiota that provide limited protection from soybean antiherbivore defenses. We investigated the effects of corn and soybean herbivory on rotation-resistant female survival and initiation of flight using mortality assays and wind tunnel flight tests. Among field-collected females tested with mortality assays, beetles from collection sites in a cornfield survived longer than those from collection sites in a soybean field. However, reduced survival due to soybean herbivory could be restored by consuming corn tissues. Field-collected beetles that fed on a soybean tissue laboratory diet or only water were more likely to fly in a wind tunnel than corn-feeding beetles. Regardless of collection site and laboratory diet, 90.5% of beetles that flew oriented their flights upwind. Diet-related changes in the probability of flight provide a proximate mechanism for interfield movement that facilitates restorative feeding and the survival of females previously engaged in soybean herbivory. Rotation-resistant western corn rootworm females feeding on soybean tissues experience reduced survival in mortality assays and display increased flight probability (which may facilitate flight back to a cornfield where consumption of host tissues improves survival potential and facilitates maturation of eggs). The consequences of soybean herbivory provide a proximal mechanism for behavioral resistance to crop rotation. Increased egg-laying probability while feeding on soybean tissues, facilitation of egg maturation while feeding on corn tissues, and interfield movement are previously documented consequences.

scholarly journals Effect of food shortage and metal contamination on the mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00100
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wróbel ◽  
Justyna Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Metabolic Reaction ◽  
Great Decrease ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Cu Contamination ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

In this study we assessed the metabolic reaction of mealworms to toxic metals Cu and Pb alone or delivered with carrots as an additional source of water and minerals. We compared our results with metabolic reaction of mealworms to food shortage. We recorded the highest morality and mass loss in culture contaminated with Pb (in relation to Cu contamination) proving the greatest impact of this metal on metabolism of mealworms. The great decrease in protein, carbohydrates and lipid content was observed in this variant (mealworms fed with food contaminated with Pb) as well. The slight positive effect of carrot addition was observed for larvae fed with both metals. Starvation had similar but slighter effect as Pb on metabolism as starved larvae were characterised by high, but not the highest decrease of protein, carbohydrates and lipid content. The studies proved that metal contamination could have great impact on metabolism of mealworms which is a key issue when we consider these insects as a source of proteins in place of vertebrates.

Ovoviviparity in platyhelminth life-cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Tinsley
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Environmental Instability ◽  
Host Behaviour ◽  
Exogenous Nutrients

SUMMARYThe encapsulated embryos of platyhelminths may be retained and complete their developmentin uteroin a range of circumstances. However, hatching within the parent (the criterion of ovoviviparity) is relatively rare and larvae generally emerge only after deposition. Viviparity is characterized by the nutritional dependency of the unencapsulated larva upon the parent, but in several cases larvae retained within a shell also receive parental nutrients during intra-uterine development. Uptake of exogenous nutrients via shell pores occurs inSchistosoma mansonibut the eggs, which gain all the advantages of intra-uterine retention, are supported by host nutrients.Intra-uterine larval development avoids the hazards of development in the external environment and eliminates the time delay between oviposition and infection. Deposition of immediately infective offspring may be concentrated in time and space to exploit periods of host vulnerability. The control and precision of transmission is illustrated by examples in which the opportunity for invasion is restricted because of either host behaviour or environmental instability. This strategy has been an important factor in the evolution of polystomatid monogeneans, and its effectiveness is demonstrated by comparison of the life-cycles ofPolystoma integerrimumandPseudodiplorchis americanus. Ovoviviparity also increases reproductive potential in some polystomatids by extending the period of multiplication and by increasing established populations through internal re-infection. InEupolystoma alluaudi, the capacity for ovoviviparity is programmed into larval development and this regulates population growth within individual hosts.

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