scholarly journals Fiber networks amplify active stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 2827-2832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Ronceray ◽  
Chase P. Broedersz ◽  
Martin Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Fiber Networks ◽  
Stress Amplification ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Network Microstructure

Large-scale force generation is essential for biological functions such as cell motility, embryonic development, and muscle contraction. In these processes, forces generated at the molecular level by motor proteins are transmitted by disordered fiber networks, resulting in large-scale active stresses. Although these fiber networks are well characterized macroscopically, this stress generation by microscopic active units is not well understood. Here we theoretically study force transmission in these networks. We find that collective fiber buckling in the vicinity of a local active unit results in a rectification of stress towards strongly amplified isotropic contraction. This stress amplification is reinforced by the networks’ disordered nature, but saturates for high densities of active units. Our predictions are quantitatively consistent with experiments on reconstituted tissues and actomyosin networks and shed light on the role of the network microstructure in shaping active stresses in cells and tissue.

scholarly journals ARAB VIEWS ON BALKANS’ MOSLEMS: AN ATTEMPT AT SHEDDING MORE LIGHT OF THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Jaafar Abdulmahdi Saheeb
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Western World ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The World ◽  
C Value ◽  
Separatist Movements ◽  
Shed Light

Hundreds of books were written in the Arab world during the Bosnia and Kosovo wars, overwhelmed with rhetoric aimed at arousing a sense of Islamic solidarity. However, they have no scientifi c basis and are, therefore, of no scientifi c value. They were either along the lines of the West’s Balkan political campaign or were intended to elicit voluntary donations that were, more often than not, followed by large-scale fi nancial scandals. For this reason, it is also necessary to shed light on the insincerity of some fundamentalist structures in the Arab world that have raised their voice in support of Kosovo Albanian Muslims, irrespective of the fact that their claims are illegitimate. At the same time, these structures turn a blind eye and a deaf ear to the claims of other Muslims, despite the fact that their claims are legitimate. In order to answer these questions, one should realistically and honestly say that NATO was only keen, exclusively and solely, to remove the obstacle to its further conquests, obstacle called Yugoslavia, particularly Serbia. That country was such obstacle to Western world–lords that they attributed to her, through their powerful political and media machinery, every single evil and villainy. West spared no money and means to dismantle and destroy Yugoslavia and particularly Serbia. So we faced such paradox that separatist movements were described as ‘revolutionary’ and ‘liberation armies’. Yet, if these things are natural for America and Europe, what is then natural for fundamentalists in Arab and Islamic world? There is no convincing answer but to describe our fundamentalists loyal to West as unionists loyal to their Vatican. Fundamentalists in Arab and Moslem world use our faith in a very bad manner, abusing it in the interest of politics. They mortify their faith in accordance to the needs of those forces in the world that are interested only for egoistic increase of their own power.

Sexual Violence and Major Depression among Women: Evidence for Reciprocal Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-589
Author(s):  
Jason Schnittker
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Using two waves of the National Comorbidity Survey, this study examines the relationship between sexual violence and major depression among women, focusing on rape. It uncovers evidence for two-way relationships that, among other things, shed light on who is at risk of sexual assault. Although rape increases the risk of developing major depression in a prospective fashion, depressed women are also at a higher risk of being raped. These pathways inflate the unadjusted prospective relationship between rape and major depression, though they do not explain it altogether. Comparisons between disorders indicate that major depression plays as significant a role as alcohol abuse disorder, and that depressed women are not at a higher risk only because of associated alcohol consumption. This study encourages further research not only on the effects of sexual violence on depression but also the role of common psychiatric disorders in the stress generation process, including how perpetrators target victims.

scholarly journals Neuroticism and Emotional Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Kroencke ◽  
Katharina Geukes ◽  
Till Utesch ◽  
Niclas Kuper ◽  
Mitja Back
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Psychological Maladjustment ◽  
Shed Light

Large-scale health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may evoke negative affective responses, which are linked to psychological maladjustment and psychopathology. Here, we shed light on the role of the personality trait neuroticism in predicting who experiences negative affective responses. In a large-scale experience-sampling study (N = 1,609; 38,120 momentary reports), we showed that individuals high in neuroticism experienced more negative affect and higher affective variability in their daily lives. Individuals high in neuroticism also (a) paid more attention to COVID-19-related information and worried more about the consequences of the pandemic (crisis preoccupation), and (b) experienced more negative affect during this preoccupation (affective reactivity). These findings offer new insights into the consequences and dynamics of neuroticism in extreme environmental contexts.

Robotic Transformation and its Business Applications in Food Industry

2015 ◽  
pp. 281-305
Author(s):  
Anas Mathath ◽  
Yudi Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Business Practitioners ◽  
Business Competitiveness ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
Shed Light

The role of robots is becoming substantial for industrial applications and business competitiveness. The robot transformation in food industry has increased business productivity, reduced cost and enhanced customer experiences. The usage scale of robots has an increasing trend globally when industries modernize and increase the production capacities with ability in handling complex tasks. The objective of this chapter is to explore robotic transformation in literature and to investigate its business applications in food industry. There are two points raised in the discussion, would the robot technology which has been developed only capable owned by large scale food companies and the experiences gained in the restaurant which serves by robots can replace the human touch. At the end of this chapter, some solutions are given to shed light on the application of robot in food industry and deepen critical analysis for researchers, technocrats and business practitioners.

scholarly journals Powerful Moderator Variables in Behavioral Science? Don’t Bet on Them (Version 3)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryne A. Sherman ◽  
Harold Pashler
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Shed Light

The current upsurge of interest in research replicability (and the exposure of many failures of reproducibility) has led to a much discussion about the possible role of statistical moderation (i.e., variable × variable interactions) in behavioral and social science. These interactions are so widespread and powerful, it is often argued, that we should hardly be surprised when attempts to reproduce important findings frequently lead to failure. Prior literature provides little empirical evidence about how common powerful moderation is. Using five large-scale behavioral research datasets we sought to shed light on the issue. The data reflected several thousand people engaging in a variety of behaviors over considerable periods of time, and included hundreds of demographic and psychological independent variables (IVs). For each outcome variable, we measured the interaction of every pair of IVs. Many IVs had sizable main effects on behavior, but interactions were usually very small in magnitude. While there is no doubt that interactions can occur in behavioral science contexts, the priors revealed here suggest that this should be postulated as a last, not a first resort.

The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soares Severo ◽  
Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽  
Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽  
Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽  
Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Zinc Transporters ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

The Role of Sense of Direction and Other Factors During Navigation in a Large-Scale, Unconstrained Environment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth J. Ploran ◽  
Ericka Rovira ◽  
James C. Thompson ◽  
Raja Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sense Of Direction

The Adult as Foe or Friend?: Childism in Guus Kuijer's Criticism and Fiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Joosen
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Memorial Award ◽  
Adult Reader ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

Compared to the attention that children's literature scholars have paid to the construction of childhood in children's literature and the role of adults as authors, mediators and readers of children's books, few researchers have made a systematic study of adults as characters in children's books. This article analyses the construction of adulthood in a selection of texts by the Dutch author and Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award winner Guus Kuijer and connects them with Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's recent concept of ‘childism’ – a form of prejudice targeted against children. Whereas Kuijer published a severe critique of adulthood in Het geminachte kind [The despised child] (1980), in his literary works he explores a variety of positions that adults can take towards children, with varying degrees of childist features. Such a systematic and comparative analysis of the way grown-ups are characterised in children's texts helps to shed light on a didactic potential that materialises in different adult subject positions. After all, not only literary and artistic aspects of children's literature may be aimed at the adult reader (as well as the child), but also the didactic aspect of children's books can cross over between different age groups.

Magnetic Properties of xCeO2•(50 − x) PbO•50B2O3 Glasses and Glass Ceramics

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4486-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.El Damrawi ◽  
F. Gharghar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Essential Change

Cerium oxide in borate glasses of composition xCeO2·(50 − x)PbO·50B2O3 plays an important role in changing both microstructure and magnetic behaviors of the system. The structural role of CeO2 as an effective agent for cluster and crystal formation in borate network is clearly evidenced by XRD technique. Both structure and size of well-formed cerium separated clusters have an effective influence on the structural properties. The cluster aggregations are documented to be found in different range ordered structures, intermediate and long range orders are the most structures in which cerium phases are involved. The nano-sized crystallized cerium species in lead borate phase are evidenced to have magnetic behavior.  The criteria of building new specific borate phase enriched with cerium as ferrimagnetism has been found to keep the magnetization in large scale even at extremely high temperature. Treating the glass thermally or exposing it to an effective dose of ionized radiation is evidenced to have an essential change in magnetic properties. Thermal heat treatment for some of investigated materials is observed to play dual roles in the glass matrix. It can not only enhance alignment processes of the magnetic moment but also increases the capacity of the crystallite species in the magnetic phases. On the other hand, reverse processes are remarked under the effect of irradiation. The magnetization was found to be lowered, since several types of the trap centers which are regarded as defective states can be produced by effect of ionized radiation. 

The Impact of Quantitative Easing on Emerging Markets – Literature Review

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Piotr Bartkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sufficient Precision

AbstractThe article presents the results of the review of the empirical literature regarding the impact of quantitative easing (QE) on emerging markets (EMs). The subject is of interest to policymakers and researchers due to the increasingly larger role of EMs in the world economy and the large-scale capital flows occurring after 2009. The review is conducted in a systematic manner and takes into consideration different methodological choices, samples and measurement issues. The paper puts the summarized results in the context of transmission channels identified in the literature. There are few distinct methodological approaches present in the literature. While there is a consensus regarding the direction of the impact of QE on EMs, its size and durability have not yet been assessed with sufficient precision. In addition, there are clear gaps in the empirical findings, not least related to relative underrepresentation of the CEE region (in particular, Poland).

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