scholarly journals Oscillatory phase shapes syllable perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (52) ◽  
pp. 15833-15837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne ten Oever ◽  
Alexander T. Sack
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Categorical Perception ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Audiovisual Speech ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Oscillatory Phase ◽  
Onset Delays ◽  
Measured Phase

The role of oscillatory phase for perceptual and cognitive processes is being increasingly acknowledged. To date, little is known about the direct role of phase in categorical perception. Here we show in two separate experiments that the identification of ambiguous syllables that can either be perceived as /da/ or /ga/ is biased by the underlying oscillatory phase as measured with EEG and sensory entrainment to rhythmic stimuli. The measured phase difference in which perception is biased toward /da/ or /ga/ exactly matched the different temporal onset delays in natural audiovisual speech between mouth movements and speech sounds, which last 80 ms longer for /ga/ than for /da/. These results indicate the functional relationship between prestimulus phase and syllable identification, and signify that the origin of this phase relationship could lie in exposure and subsequent learning of unique audiovisual temporal onset differences.

scholarly journals Time-Series Prediction of the Oscillatory Phase of EEG Signals Using the Least Mean Square Algorithm-Based AR Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqsa Shakeel ◽  
Toshihisa Tanaka ◽  
Keiichi Kitajo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Prediction ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Ar Model ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Oscillatory Phase

Neural oscillations are vital for the functioning of a central nervous system because they assist in brain communication across a huge network of neurons. Alpha frequency oscillations are believed to depict idling or inhibition of task-irrelevant cortical activities. However, recent studies on alpha oscillations (particularly alpha phase) hypothesize that they have an active and direct role in the mechanisms of attention and working memory. To understand the role of alpha oscillations in several cognitive processes, accurate estimations of phase, amplitude, and frequency are required. Herein, we propose an approach for time-series forward prediction by comparing an autoregressive (AR) model and an adaptive method (least mean square (LMS)-based AR model). This study tested both methods for two prediction lengths of data. Our results indicate that for shorter data segments (prediction of 128 ms), the AR model outperforms the LMS-based AR model, while for longer prediction lengths (256 ms), the LMS- based AR model surpasses the AR model. LMS with low computational cost can aid in electroencephalography (EEG) phase prediction (alpha oscillations) in basic research to reveal the functional role of the oscillatory phase as well as for applications for brain-computer interfaces.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of social and cognitive processes in children's adjustment to community violence.

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Kliewer ◽  
Stephen J. Lepore ◽  
Deborah Oskin ◽  
Patricia D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Children's Adjustment ◽  
Children’S Adjustment

scholarly journals The Association of Human Herpesviruses with Malignant Brain Tumor Pathology and Therapy: Two Sides of a Coin

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2250
Author(s):  
Evita Athanasiou ◽  
Antonios N. Gargalionis ◽  
Fotini Boufidou ◽  
Athanassios Tsakris
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumor ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Tumor Pathology ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

The role of certain viruses in malignant brain tumor development remains controversial. Experimental data demonstrate that human herpesviruses (HHVs), particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), are implicated in brain tumor pathology, although their direct role has not yet been proven. CMV is present in most gliomas and medulloblastomas and is known to facilitate oncomodulation and/or immunomodulation, thus promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. EBV and HHV-6 have also been detected in brain tumors and high-grade gliomas, showing high rates of expression and an inflammatory potential. On the other hand, due to the neurotropic nature of HHVs, novel studies have highlighted the engagement of such viruses in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches in the context of oncolytic viral treatment and vaccine-based strategies against brain tumors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent scientific data concerning the emerging dual role of HHVs in malignant brain pathology, either as potential causative agents or as immunotherapeutic tools in the fight against these devastating diseases.

scholarly journals To sext or not to sext. The role of social-cognitive processes in the decision to engage in sexting

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1429
Author(s):  
Claire Wilson ◽  
Tommy van Steen ◽  
Christabel Akinyode ◽  
Zara P. Brodie ◽  
Graham G. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Injunctive Norm ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Technology has given rise to online behaviors such as sexting. It is important that we examine predictors of such behavior in order to understand who is more likely to sext and thus inform intervention aimed at sexting awareness. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine sexting beliefs and behavior. Participants (n = 418; 70.3% women) completed questionnaires assessing attitudes (instrumental and affective), subjective norms (injunctive and descriptive), control perceptions (self-efficacy and controllability) and intentions toward sexting. Specific sexting beliefs (fun/carefree beliefs, perceived risks and relational expectations) were also measured and sexting behavior reported. Relationship status, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm and self-efficacy were associated with sexting intentions. Relationship status, intentions and self-efficacy related to sexting behavior. Results provide insight into the social-cognitive factors related to individuals’ sexting behavior and bring us closer to understanding what beliefs predict the behavior.

EXPRESS: The Effects of Experimentally Induced Emotions on Revising Common Vaccine Misconceptions

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110178
Author(s):  
Greg Trevors ◽  
Catherine Bohn-Gettler ◽  
Panayiota Kendeou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Knowledge Revision ◽  
Refutation Texts ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Knowledge revision is the process of updating incorrect prior knowledge in light of new, correct information. Although theoretical and empirical knowledge has advanced regarding the cognitive processes involved in revision, less is known about the role of emotions, which have shown inconsistent relations with key revision processes. The present study examined the effects of experimentally induced emotions on online and offline knowledge revision of vaccination misconceptions. Before reading refutation and non-refutation texts, 96 individuals received either a positive, negative, or no emotion induction. Findings showed that negative emotions, more than positive emotions, resulted in enhanced knowledge revision as indicated by greater ease of integrating correct information during reading and higher comprehension test scores after reading. Findings are discussed with respect to contemporary frameworks of knowledge revision and emotion in reading comprehension and implications for educational practice.

Transnational logic of gratitude: Marriage migrants’ narratives on marital satisfaction in South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092199469
Author(s):  
Gowoon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Marriage Migrants ◽  
Sociology Of Emotion ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Scholarship on marriage migrants has examined the impact of class and gender ideology of receiving countries on their marital satisfaction. However, little is known about the role of transnational background in explaining women’s feelings of gratitude for husbands. Drawing on qualitative in-depth interviews with marriage migrant women residing in the eastern side of Seoul, Korea, this article explores the micro-level cognitive processes in understanding women’s gratitude for their husbands. Categorizing marriage migrants into two groups, ‘gratified’ and ‘ungratified’ wives, the author demonstrates how the gratified wives’ feelings of contentment is mediated by their active comparison of Korean husbands with local men in their homelands, and how these viewpoints conversely affect their aspirations for return. Bringing the sociology of emotion into an explanation of marriage migrants’ marital satisfaction, this study aims to develop a transnational frame of reference as an underlying dynamic for comprehending marriage migrants’ (in)gratitude.

The Costs of Seeking Shelter for Renters With Discrediting Background Records

2021 ◽  
pp. 153568412110124
Author(s):  
Anna Reosti
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Housing Search ◽  
Housing Options ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Rental Housing Market

This study illuminates an understudied pathway through which disadvantage is reproduced in the rental housing market: the housing search, application, and tenant screening process. Using in-depth interviews with 25 housing-seekers with criminal conviction records, past evictions, and damaged credit histories, this article examines the direct role of the rental housing search and application process in reproducing economic precarity and social disadvantage among renters with discrediting background records, beyond delimiting their housing options. Its findings suggest that navigating the housing search from a position of acute market disadvantage comes with significant costs for this population, including the financial burden of repeated application fees and the psychological strains associated with the specter of indefinite housing insecurity. The findings also demonstrate how the housing search process may undermine the willingness of stigmatized renters to contest exploitative or unlawful rental practices by reinforcing awareness of their degraded status in the rental market.

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