scholarly journals Delivering strong 1H nuclear hyperpolarization levels and long magnetic lifetimes through signal amplification by reversible exchange

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (16) ◽  
pp. E3188-E3194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Rayner ◽  
Michael J. Burns ◽  
Alexandra M. Olaru ◽  
Philip Norcott ◽  
Marianna Fekete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Polarization Level

Hyperpolarization turns typically weak NMR and MRI responses into strong signals so that ordinarily impractical measurements become possible. The potential to revolutionize analytical NMR and clinical diagnosis through this approach reflect this area's most compelling outcomes. Methods to optimize the low-cost parahydrogen-based approach signal amplification by reversible exchange with studies on a series of biologically relevant nicotinamides and methyl nicotinates are detailed. These procedures involve specific 2H labeling in both the agent and catalyst and achieve polarization lifetimes of ca. 2 min with 50% polarization in the case of methyl-4,6-d2-nicotinate. Because a 1.5-T hospital scanner has an effective 1H polarization level of just 0.0005% this strategy should result in compressed detection times for chemically discerning measurements that probe disease. To demonstrate this technique’s generality, we exemplify further studies on a range of pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and isonicotinamide analogs that feature as building blocks in biochemistry and many disease-treating drugs.

scholarly journals Contribution of Nanomaterials to the Development of Electrochemical Aptasensors for the Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Food Products

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Valérie Gaudin
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Portable Instrumentation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues

The detection of antimicrobial residues in food products of animal origin is of utmost importance. Indeed antimicrobial residues could be present in animal derived food products because of animal treatments for curative purposes or from illegal use. The usual screening methods to detect antimicrobial residues in food are microbiological, immunological or physico-chemical methods. The development of biosensors to propose sensitive, cheap and quick alternatives to classical methods is constantly increasing. Aptasensors are one of the major trends proposed in the literature, in parallel with the development of immunosensors based on antibodies. The characteristics of electrochemical sensors (i.e., low cost, miniaturization, and portable instrumentation) make them very good candidates to develop screening methods for antimicrobial residues in food products. This review will focus on the recent advances in the development of electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of antimicrobial residues in food products. The contribution of nanomaterials to improve the performance characteristics of electrochemical aptasensors (e.g., Sensitivity, easiness, stability) in the last ten years, as well as signal amplification techniques will be highlighted.

scholarly journals A 300-GHz low-cost high-gain fully metallic Fabry–Perot cavity antenna for 6G terahertz wireless communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basem Aqlan ◽  
Mohamed Himdi ◽  
Hamsakutty Vettikalladi ◽  
Laurent Le-Coq
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Operating Bandwidth ◽  
Polarization Level

AbstractA low-cost, compact, and high gain Fabry–Perot cavity (FPC) antenna which operates at 300 GHz is presented. The antenna is fabricated using laser-cutting brass technology. The proposed antenna consists of seven metallic layers; a ground layer, an integrated stepped horn element (three-layers), a coupling layer, a cavity layer, and an aperture-frequency selective surface (FSS) layer. The proposed aperture-FSS function acts as a partially reflective surface, contributing to a directive beam radiation. For verification, the proposed sub-terahertz (THz) FPC antenna prototype was developed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed antenna has a measured reflection coefficient below − 10 dB from 282 to 304 GHz with a bandwidth of 22 GHz. The maximum measured gain observed is 17.7 dBi at 289 GHz, and the gain is higher than 14.4 dBi from 285 to 310 GHz. The measured radiation pattern shows a highly directive pattern with a cross-polarization level below − 25 dB over the whole band in all cut planes, which confirms with the simulation results. The proposed antenna has a compact size, low fabrication cost, high gain, and wide operating bandwidth. The total height of the antenna is 1.24 $${\lambda }_{0}$$ λ 0 ($${\lambda }_{0}$$ λ 0 at the design frequency, 300 GHz) , with a size of 2.6 mm × 2.6 mm. The proposed sub-THz waveguide-fed FPC antenna is suitable for 6G wireless communication systems.

Biologically relevant arene ruthenium metalla-assemblies

CrystEngComm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Therrien
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Complexes ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
New Era ◽  
Biologically Relevant

Arene ruthenium complexes have become popular building blocks for the preparation of metalla-assemblies with biological applications, opening a new era for arene ruthenium complexes.

An electrochemiluminescence sensor with dual signal amplification of Ru(bpy)32+based on PtNPs and glucose dehydrogenase for diagnosis of gas gangrene

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 19676-19685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongneng Jiang ◽  
Liqun Zhang ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Linlin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gas Gangrene ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Dual Signal Amplification

Gas gangrene is a bacterial infection that produces gas in tissues in gangrene.C. perfringenswith alpha-toxin plays a key role in gas gangrene. Detection ofC. perfringensis highly important in clinical diagnosis of gas gangrene.

Ascending of Cycloaddition Strategy for N-O Heterocycles

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanjit Ghosh ◽  
Swati Lekha Mondal ◽  
Mahiuddin Baidya
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Biologically Relevant

The N–O heterocycles are biologically relevant scaffolds and versatile building blocks in contemporary organic synthesis. In this short review, we effort to showcase the involvement and elevation of various cycloaddition strategies towards the production of N–O heterocycles 1,2-oxazines, 1,2-oxazepanes, and 1,2-oxazetidines. A blueprint of advantages and challenges associated with these synthetic endeavors is provided.

IBCube

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Qiong Hu ◽  
Hanhua Chen ◽  
Hai Jin ◽  
Chen Tian ◽  
Aobing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Network Interface ◽  
Allocation Scheme ◽  
The Past ◽  
Datacenter Networks ◽  
Construction Scheme ◽  
Economical Design ◽  
Simulation Results

Datacenter networks have attracted a lot of research interest in the past few years. BCube is proved to be a promising scheme due to its low cost. By using a recursive construction scheme, BCube can exponentially scale a datacenter. Industry experiences, however, articulate the importance of incremental expansion of datacenter. In this article, the authors show that BCube's expanding scheme suffers low utilization of switch ports. They propose IBCube, a novel economical design for incrementally building datacenter networks. The insight is that: by letting the number of switches in each BCube layer equal the number of the building blocks, the authors can enable the switch ports to be fully utilized to support the total number of network interface cards of the deployed servers in the datacenters. Accordingly, their IBCube designs a novel automatic port allocation scheme. Simulation results show that the IBCube design reduces the budget for the datacenter networks by 94% as well as improves the packet delay and throughput by 10.3% and 11.5%, respectively, compared to the previous partial BCube design.

scholarly journals The Design of a Low Cost Phasor Measurement Unit

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Delle Femine ◽  
Daniele Gallo ◽  
Carmine Landi ◽  
Mario Luiso
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Signal Processing Technique ◽  
Phasor Measurement

The widespread diffusion of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is a becoming a need for the development of the “smartness” of power systems. However, PMU with accuracy compliant to the standard Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) C37.118.1-2011 and its amendment IEEE Std C37.118.1a-2014 have typically costs that constitute a brake for their diffusion. Therefore, in this paper, the design of a low-cost implementation of a PMU is presented. The low cost approach is followed in the design of all the building blocks of the PMU. A key feature of the presented approach is that the data acquisition, data processing and data communication are integrated in a single low cost microcontroller. The synchronization is obtained using a simple external Global Positioning System receiver, which does not provide a disciplined clock. The synchronization of sampling frequency, and thus of the measurement, to the Universal Time Coordinated, is obtained by means of a suitable signal processing technique. For this implementation, the Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform has been used as the synchrophasor estimation algorithm. A thorough metrological characterization of the realized prototype in different test conditions proposed by the standards, using a high performance PMU calibrator, is also shown.

scholarly journals Synthesis of acylglycerol derivatives by mechanochemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J Ardila-Fierro ◽  
Andrij Pich ◽  
Marc Spehr ◽  
José G Hernández ◽  
Carsten Bolm
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Nucleotides And Nucleosides

In recent times, many biologically relevant building blocks such as amino acids, peptides, saccharides, nucleotides and nucleosides, etc. have been prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. However, mechanosynthesis of lipids by ball milling techniques has remained essentially unexplored. In this work, a multistep synthetic route to access mono- and diacylglycerol derivatives by mechanochemistry has been realized, including the synthesis of diacylglycerol-coumarin conjugates.

Building Evaluation Capital in Government: A Queensland Departmental Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Sarah Goswami ◽  
Vicki Lane
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Evaluation Capacity Building ◽  
Statutory Body

Increasingly, government departments are being held accountable for investment in public services. In Queensland the Financial Accountability Act 2009 (Queensland Treasury, 2016) requires that accountable officers and statutory bodies ‘achieve reasonable value for money by ensuring the operations of the department or statutory body are carried out efficiently, effectively and economically’ (Section 61). Whilst there is a directive for agencies to evaluate and demonstrate value for money, it has in practice been difficult to embed long term, as many systems and decision makers have neglected the role of organisation-wide evaluation capital. This paper will outline the work being undertaken in the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF) to implement an Impact and Investment Framework, which will support and embed evaluation in a multidisciplinary setting. A central tenant of this framework is ‘business empowerment and learning'—building the evaluation culture in the organisation by first establishing evaluation building blocks, through business empowerment, support and utility. The framework is comprised of five key elements and is built on the principles of evaluation and evaluation capacity building disciplines. It has been designed to be low-cost, effective and efficient, whilst enabling business improvement, meeting accountability needs and allowing the department to demonstrate the value of its work.

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