scholarly journals Possibility for inhibited spontaneous emission in electromagnetically open parity–time-symmetric guiding structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 5576-5581
Author(s):  
Yakir Hadad ◽  
Nader Engheta
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Emission ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Emission Decay ◽  
Symmetric Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Field Manipulation ◽  
Common Perception

Remote sensing and manipulation of quantum emitters are functionalities of significant practical importance in quantum optics. Unfortunately, these abilities are considered as fundamentally challenging in systems of inhibited spontaneous emission. The reason is intimately related to the common perception that, in order to nullify the spontaneous emission decay rate, the system has to be electromagnetically closed, meaning that all loss channels should be avoided, including radiation. However, since radiation is prohibited in these systems, far-field sensing and by reciprocity, also far-field manipulation are considered impossible. Here, we suggest a possible solution to this challenge and theoretically propose an electromagnetically open system that may exhibit a complete inhibition of spontaneous emission while supporting guiding waves. This peculiar functionality is achieved through a feedback wave mechanism that is found in parity–time-symmetric structure. The analysis is based on an exact Green’s function derivation as well as full wave simulations involving a realistic design for the sake of future experimental validation.

Control of Förster energy transfer in the vicinity of metallic surfaces and hyperbolic metamaterials

2015 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 395-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. U. Tumkur ◽  
J. K. Kitur ◽  
C. E. Bonner ◽  
A. N. Poddubny ◽  
E. E. Narimanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Spontaneous Emission ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Dielectric Media ◽  
Plasmonic Structures ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Förster Energy Transfer ◽  
Photonic States

Optical cavities, plasmonic structures, photonic band crystals and interfaces, as well as, generally speaking, any photonic media with homogeneous or spatially inhomogeneous dielectric permittivity (including metamaterials) have local densities of photonic states, which are different from that in vacuum. These modified density of states environments are known to control both the rate and the angular distribution of spontaneous emission. In the present study, we question whether the proximity to metallic and metamaterial surfaces can affect other physical phenomena of fundamental and practical importance. We show that the same substrates and the same nonlocal dielectric environments that boost spontaneous emission, also inhibit Förster energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules doped into a thin polymeric film. This finding correlates with the fact that in dielectric media, the rate of spontaneous emission is proportional to the index of refractionn, while the rate of the donor–acceptor energy transfer (in solid solutions with a random distribution of acceptors) is proportional ton−1.5. This heuristic correspondence suggests that other classical and quantum phenomena, which in regular dielectric media depend onn, can also be controlled with custom-tailored metamaterials, plasmonic structures, and cavities.

THE INFLUENCE OF FAIR COMPETITION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Camille Carbonnaux
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
The Common ◽  
European Competition Law

Since the 1990s, European judicial and normative institutions have paid particular attention to the competitive practices of public undertakings. Consequently, their regime is governed by a significant number of rules pursuing objectives appearing, a priori, contradictory. In fact, public undertakings may experience difficulties in their management. In this context, an approach of public competition law through the prism of fair competition can be very useful. Regarding the uniformity of its judgment, fair competition appears as an objective capable of coordinating rules and overcoming their contradictions. It thereby offers a global and coherent reading plan of all the legal translations of the European competitive order being of some practical importance. In illuminating the common features of the different legal aspects of competition, we can easily switch from one to the other. It therefore makes the European approach to competition more accessible and understandable. Furthermore, and most importantly, it leads to identifying legal opportunities and threats in a cross-disciplinary way. So, from a “Law & Management” perspective, it appears to be a precious tool for the management of public undertakings. Key words: European competition law, public undertakings, fair competition, “Management & law”.

scholarly journals Light-Emitting Metasurfaces: Simultaneous Control of Spontaneous Emission and Far-Field Radiation

Nano Letters ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6906-6914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Aleksandr Vaskin ◽  
Sadhvikas Addamane ◽  
Benjamin Leung ◽  
Miao-Chan Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Emission ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Simultaneous Control ◽  
Field Radiation

scholarly journals SKUTKI PRAWNE ORZECZEŃ TRYBUNAŁU KONSTYTUCYJNEGO W UJĘCIU CZASOWYM

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Roman Trzaskowski
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Retroactive Effect ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Common

Effects of Constitutional Tribunal’s Judgments in the Time PerspectiveSummaryThe problem of the time effects of the Constitutional Tribunal’s rulings remain within the area of interest of both constitutional and civil law scholars. It is widely discussed because of its enormous practical importance: more and more often the common courts and the Supreme Court have to deal with the laws which have been declared unconstitutional.The main question is whether the courts should apply the unconstitutional law while deciding on a case in which legally significant events had taken place before the law was declared null and void.The Polish Constitution does not give a clear answer to this question. The most important provisions seem to be contradictory, which makes it possible to use them as arguments for opposing positions.The scholars’ opinions differ significantly: some of them, followed by the Supreme Court, accept the so-called „retrospective” effect (the unconstitutional law cannot by applied), the others, together with the Constitutional Tribunal, take the opposite view. A few try to find a compromise.The proposition presented in this paper is to be classified as belonging to the third group.Indeed it seems that there is a need for a flexible approach. The time effects of a ruling shall be expressly stated by the Constitutional Tribunal. When the Tribunal fails to do so, the common courts have to asses themselves the rulings’ effects, being guided, among other things, by the principles of the civil law. There are strong arguments that the Constitution seems to favor the retroactive effect, yet it is not decisive. There are certainly situations, where a prospecitve effect shall be accepted: ultimately it is a question of balancing different constitutional and civil law values. 

scholarly journals What 100 Years of Typing Research Can Tell Us

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motonori Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Complex Skills ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

The need of typewriting skill is ever increasing in our lives. The prevalence of personal computers and mobile devices has transformed the way people communicate with each other. Although many different types of human interfaces have been introduced over the decades, the dominant form of computer interface remains to be that of typing on a keyboard. [...] Whilst typing has become one of the common everyday skills within the last two decades, experimental psychologists have been studying it as a research subject for more than a hundred years. [...] Apart from its practical importance in the modern lifestyle, the act of typing involves the right amount of complexity as well as well-defined and measurable actions. These features of typewriting makes it an ideal testbed to gain our understanding of the control and acquisition of complex skills. This review article first presents a brief overview of the classic studies of typewriting skill in the early 20th century, discusses the developments that took place after the mid-20th century, and concludes with the current status and issues that remain for future investigations in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Rethinking Hijab in Contemporary Indonesia: A Study of Hijab Community “Tuneeca Lover Community”

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Wardah Nuroniyah
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The One ◽  
Common Perception

Hijab (veil) for female Muslims has been subject to a debate regarding its meanings. On the one hand, it represents the virtue of religious obedience and piety. Still, on the other hand, it is associated with the form of women oppressions in the public domain. At this point, the hijab has been an arena of contesting interpretations. Meanwhile, contemporary Indonesia is witnessing the increase in the use of veil among urban female Muslims that leads to the birth of various hijab wearer communities. One of them is Tuneeca Lover Community (TLC). This community has become a new sphere where female Muslims articulate their ideas about Islam through various activities such as religious gathering, hijab tutorial class, fashion show, and charity activities. This study seeks to answer several questions: Why do these women decide to wear a hijab? Why do they join the TLC? How do they perceive the veil? Is it related to religious doctrines or other factors such as lifestyle? This research employs a qualitative method using documentation and interview to gather the data among 150 members of the TLC.  This research shows that their understanding of the hijab results from the common perception that places the veil as a religious obligation. Nevertheless, each of the members has one's orientation over the hijab. This paper also suggests that they try to transform this understanding into modern settings. As a consequence, they are not only committed to the traditionally spiritual meaning of the hijab but are also nuanced with modern ideas such as lifestyle and particular social class. Their participation in the TLC enables them to reach both goals simultaneously.

scholarly journals Randomness in DNA Encoded Library Selection Data Can Be Modeled for More Reliable Enrichment Calculation

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letian Kuai ◽  
Thomas O’Keeffe ◽  
Christopher Arico-Muendel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Chemical Libraries ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Library Selection ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Common Perception

DNA Encoded Libraries (DELs) use unique DNA sequences to tag each chemical warhead within a library mixture to enable deconvolution following affinity selection against a target protein. With next-generation sequencing, millions to billions of sequences can be read and counted to report binding events. This unprecedented capability has enabled researchers to synthesize and analyze numerically large chemical libraries. Despite the common perception that each library member undergoes a miniaturized affinity assay, selections with higher complexity libraries often produce results that are difficult to rank order. In this study, we aimed to understand the robustness of DEL selection by examining the sequencing readouts of warheads and chemotype families among a large number of experimentally repeated selections. The results revealed that (1) the output of DEL selection is intrinsically noisy but can be reliably modeled by the Poisson distribution, and (2) Poisson noise is the dominating noise at low copy counts and can be estimated even from a single experiment. We also discuss the shortcomings of data analyses based on directly using copy counts and their linear transformations, and propose a framework that incorporates proper normalization and confidence interval calculation to help researchers better understand DEL data.

The ‘dark Welsh’ as slaves and slave raiders in Exeter Book riddles 52 and 721

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy Brady
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Exeter Book ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Social Division ◽  
Cattle Raiding ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Perception

Chapter three argues that a group of Old English riddles located in the borderlands between Anglo-Saxon England and Wales reflect a common regional culture by depicting shared values of a warrior elite across the ostensible Anglo-Welsh divide. These riddles, which link the ‘dark Welsh’ to agricultural labour, have long been understood to depict the Welsh as slaves and thus reflect Anglo-Saxon awareness of both ethnic and social division. Drawing upon understudied Welsh legal material, this chapter argues that these riddles have a multilayered solution in which the Welsh are both slaves and slave traders, complicating readings of negative Anglo/Welsh relations. This polysemic solution reveals that the Welsh, like the Anglo-Saxons, were stratified by class into the enslaved and a warrior elite with less distance from the Anglo-Saxons than has been understood. The location of these riddles on the mearc further characterises the Welsh borderlands in the early period as a distinctive region which was notorious for cattle raiding. These riddles counter the common perception that the Welsh borderlands were defined by Offa’s Dyke, suggesting that this region is better understood as a space which both Anglo-Saxons and Welsh permeated on raids.

Empire without Sovereignty

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-71
Author(s):  
David Todd
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
The Political ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Global Consciousness ◽  
Intellectual Origins ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Perception ◽  
Informal Imperialism

This chapter investigates the political economy of French informal imperialism, revealing a little-known facet of the intellectual origins of globalization, and confirming that the pursuit of empire and the emergence of global consciousness were inextricably linked. It highlights lesser known thinkers, which helps recover what the prevailing attitudes of the informed liberal-leaning public towards empire actually were. After 1815, once the word “liberal” entered the political lexicon, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand, the Abbé Dominique de Pradt, and Michel Chevalier described themselves as liberals — with some justification, since they admired Britain's balanced constitution and were stalwart advocates of free trade. Recovering their views on empire therefore helps to suggest that French liberals did not become imperialistic in the mid-nineteenth century, but instead consistently harboured imperial ambitions, even if, for pragmatic reasons, they tended to shun territorial expansion after 1815. Focusing on these neglected but influential figures also helps correct the common perception of France as having withdrawn from the international stage after the fall of Napoleon.

Part VIII Remedies For Default, 27 Debt and Other Agreed Sums

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrews Neil
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Liquidated Damages ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Judicial Remedies

This Part mostly concerns judicial remedies for breach of contract (the self-help remedy of forfeiture of a deposit is noted at [27.109]). The chapter sequence reflects both the division between Common Law (chapters 27 and 28) and Equity (chapter 29) but, more importantly, the practical importance of the judicial remedies, debt mattering more than damages, and in turn damages more than specific performance or injunctions. And so chapter 27 concerns ‘Debt’ (but agreed damages, ie liquidated damages clauses, are treated in the same chapter because the sum payable is, by definition, fixed or calculable in advance; but technically, agreed damages are damages and not a cause of action sounding in debt). Chapter 28 concerns damages, that is, compensation. Damages is a branch of the law which continues to generate a mass of intricate case law. Finally, chapter 29 concerns the equitable remedies of specific performance, injunctions, account of profits, and declarations. It is a fundamental principle that specific performance can be granted only if the Common Law remedies (debt and damages) are inadequate on the relevant facts. Chapter 27: The predominant claim for contractual default is the action for debt, to compel payment. Statistically this is the front-runner amongst remedies for breach. The availability of interest is also noted in this chapter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document