scholarly journals Soil metabolome response to whole-ecosystem warming at the Spruce and Peatland Responses under Changing Environments experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (25) ◽  
pp. e2004192118
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Wilson ◽  
Malak M. Tfaily ◽  
Max Kolton ◽  
Eric R. Johnston ◽  
Caitlin Petro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Fticr Ms ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Surface Peat

In this study, a suite of complementary environmental geochemical analyses, including NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of central metabolites, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) of secondary metabolites, and lipidomics, was used to investigate the influence of organic matter (OM) quality on the heterotrophic microbial mechanisms controlling peatland CO2, CH4, and CO2:CH4 porewater production ratios in response to climate warming. Our investigations leverage the Spruce and Peatland Responses under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment, where air and peat warming were combined in a whole-ecosystem warming treatment. We hypothesized that warming would enhance the production of plant-derived metabolites, resulting in increased labile OM inputs to the surface peat, thereby enhancing microbial activity and greenhouse gas production. Because shallow peat is most susceptible to enhanced warming, increases in labile OM inputs to the surface, in particular, are likely to result in significant changes to CO2 and CH4 dynamics and methanogenic pathways. In support of this hypothesis, significant correlations were observed between metabolites and temperature consistent with increased availability of labile substrates, which may stimulate more rapid turnover of microbial proteins. An increase in the abundance of methanogenic genes in response to the increase in the abundance of labile substrates was accompanied by a shift toward acetoclastic and methylotrophic methanogenesis. Our results suggest that as peatland vegetation trends toward increasing vascular plant cover with warming, we can expect a concomitant shift toward increasingly methanogenic conditions and amplified climate–peatland feedbacks.

High-Resolution Electrospray-Ionization Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry of Macadamia Nut Oil

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mokhtari Fard ◽  
Athol G. Turner ◽  
Gary D. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Fticr Ms ◽  
Macadamia Nut

An oil sample from macadamia nuts is examined using electrospray-ionization (ESI) Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The neat oil, the methanol extract of the oil, the esterified oil, and the esterified methanol extract of the oil are examined using these two techniques. Various acylglycerols and fatty acids are identified using the high-resolution exact mass and elemental analysis routines. High performance liquid chromatography is also used for separation and collection of oil-extract fractions, prior to the mass spectrometry studies, to identify various molecular isomers of compounds in the nut oil. A comparison of the results from GC-MS experiments on the esterified oil and methanol extract of the oil with those from the FTICR-MS experiments reveals that the latter technique provides more detailed information on the composition of the macadamia oil including a relative concentration profile for the free fatty acids present in the oil. We observe the presence of fatty acids and acylglycerides containing one or more additional oxygen atoms, which may be in the form of peroxy, hydroperoxy, oxo (ketone or aldehyde functionalities), hydroxy, and/or epoxy substituents as well as a number of unusual free fatty acids and mono- and di-acylglycerides containing an odd number of carbon atoms. The simplicity of the sample preparation when combined with the results from the high resolution, high mass accuracy ESI-FTICR-MS experiments on the macadamia nut oil indicate that this method is a powerful tool that can be used for the analysis of trace compounds in animal and plant oils.

scholarly journals Probing rapid carbon fixation in fast-growing seaweed Ulva meridionalis using stable isotope 13C-labelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuntaro Tsubaki ◽  
Hiroshi Nishimura ◽  
Tomoya Imai ◽  
Ayumu Onda ◽  
Masanori Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Stable Isotope Labelling ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractThe high growth rate of Ulva seaweeds makes it a potential algal biomass resource. In particular, Ulva meridionalis grows up to fourfold a day. Here, we demonstrated strong carbon fixation by U. meridionalis using 13C stable isotope labelling and traced the 13C flux through sugar metabolites with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IR-MS), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (13C-NMR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). U. meridionalis was first cultured in 13C-labelled enriched artificial seawater for 0–12 h, and the algae were collected every 4 h. U. meridionalis grew 1.8-fold (dry weight), and the 13C ratio reached 40% in 12 h, whereas 13C incorporation hardly occurred under darkness. At the beginning of the light period, 13C was incorporated into nucleic diphosphate (NDP) sugars in 4 h, and 13C labelled peaks were identified using FT-ICR-MS spectra. Using semiquantitative 13C-NMR measurements and GC–MS, 13C was detected in starch and matrix polysaccharides after the formation of NDP sugars. Moreover, the 14:10 light:dark regime resulted into 85% of 13C labelling was achieved after 72 h of cultivation. The rapid 13C uptake by U. meridionalis shows its strong carbon fixation capacity as a promising seaweed biomass feedstock.

Timber species identification from chemical fingerprints using direct analysis in real time (DART) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS): comparison of wood samples subjected to different treatments

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maomao Zhang ◽  
Guangjie Zhao ◽  
Juan Guo ◽  
Alex C. Wiedenhoeft ◽  
Charles C. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Fticr Ms

Abstract Timber genus identification based on the anatomical features of wood is well established in botany. However, species-level wood identification is not always possible based on traditional wood morphology techniques alone. To compensate for the deficiencies of traditional methods, direct analysis in real time coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DART-FTICR-MS) was used to obtain the mass spectral fingerprints of different timber species. Using heartwood samples of two morphologically similar species, Pterocarpus santalinus and Pterocarpus tinctorius, subjected to different treatments, i.e. solvent extractions and powdered samples as well as air-dried samples and samples dried at low and high temperatures, we observed distinct chemical signatures for the wood samples from the two species, enabling rapid species-level identification when multivariate statistical analysis was adopted. The supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models for samples subjected to different treatments all exhibited accurate differentiation performance of the explained fraction of variance of classes (R2Y = 0.936–0.987) and the cross-validated fraction of variance of classes (Q2 = 0.857–0.949). Compared with solvent types and the physical form of the sample, the drying treatment method had a greater impact on the chemical fingerprint from DART-FTICR-MS. Air-dried wood chips were the optimal samples for the DART-FTICR-MS method coupled with statistical analysis.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of aldehydes and ketones in particle phase of mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181832
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Quan Shi ◽  
Xibin Zhou ◽  
Xuezheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Aldehydes and ketones (AKs) in cigarette smoke are risk to humans and environment. Due to the complexity of itself and the interference of the smoke tar matrix, the aldehydes and ketones in particle phase (AKPs) of mainstream smoke (MSS) and sidestream smoke (SSS) have not been well investigated. In this study, the AKPs of MSS and SSS were derivatized into polar products by reaction with Girard T reagent. The derivatives were isolated rapidly by column chromatography and analysed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Fifteen species of aldehydes and ketones were detected by positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) FT-ICR MS: O 1–6 , N 1 O 1–4 , N 2 O 1–3 and N 3 O 2–3 . The total number of AKPs obtained by ESI FT-ICR MS in MSS and SSS is about 1100 and 970, respectively. After hydrolysis, the original AKPs were obtained and 63 carbonyls were identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS). The nitrogen-containing and high-oxygen AKPs were further characterized by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Structures of compounds with high relative abundance in the mass spectrum were speculated (e.g. a series of degradants of cembrenediol) by comparison with the results of GCMS.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Detection by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Thomas A Hall ◽  
Steven A Hofstadler ◽  
Robert K Naviaux
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Mtdna Mutations ◽  
Fticr Ms ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Mtdna Variants

Abstract Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause a large spectrum of clinically important neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and endocrine disorders. We describe the novel application of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS) to the rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic mtDNA variants. Methods: In a blinded study, we used ESI-FTICR MS to analyze 24 unrelated samples of total cellular DNA containing 12 mtDNA variants and compared the results with those obtained by conventional PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and gel electrophoresis. Results: From the 24-sample blinded panel, we correctly identified 12 of the samples as bearing an mtDNA variant and found the remaining 12 samples to have no pathogenic variants. The correlation coefficient between the 2 methods for mtDNA variant detection was 1.0; there were no false positives or false negatives in this sample set. In addition, the ESI-FTICR method identified 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that had previously been missed by standard PCR-RFLP analysis. Conclusions: ESI-FTICR MS is a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for the identification and quantification of mtDNA mutations and SNPs.

scholarly journals Application of phase correction to improve the characterization of photooxidation products of lignin using 7 Tesla Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

FACETS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulin Qi ◽  
Ruoji Luo ◽  
Wolfgang Schrader ◽  
Dietrich A. Volmer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Phase Correction ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Fticr Ms ◽  
Ion Cyclotron

Lignin is the second most abundant natural biopolymer and potentially a valuable alternative energy source for conventional fossil fuels. In this study, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) in conjunction with phase correction was applied to study photooxidation products of lignin using a 7 Tesla (T) mass spectrometer. The application of 7 T FTICR-MS has often been inadequate for the analysis of complex natural organic matter because of insufficient resolving power as compared with high-field FTICR, which led to incorrect assignments of elemental formulae and discontinuous plots in graphical and statistical analyses. Here, the application of phase correction to the FTICR mass spectra of lignin oxidation products greatly improved the spectral quality, and thus, readily permitted characterization of photooxidation processes of lignin compounds under simulated solar radiation conditions.

Analytical Chemical Methods and Instrumentation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Bianchi ◽  
Elizabeth A. Canuel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Many ◽  
Analytical Tools

This chapter provides a background on the important role technology has played in the study of chemical biomarkers, and the many advances in the field that have resulted from the development of new analytical tools. It introduces some of the classic analytical tools used in organic geochemistry, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), pyrolysis GC-MS, direct temperature-resolved MS, compound-specific isotope analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chromophoric DOM by fluorescence, use of pulsed amperometric detector (PAD) detectors in the analysis of sugars, and capillary electrophoresis are introduced. Recent advances in the following areas are also covered: (1) analysis of polar organic compounds utilizing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, (2) multidimensional NMR, and (3) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS.

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